From 0bf49c6270a4166999d6e4c9bcff3f416e2f7eb6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Calin Burloiu <calin.burloiu@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Sep 2011 15:32:46 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] OpenID library installed

---
 application/config/openid.php                 |    9 +
 application/controllers/catalog.php           |    8 +-
 application/controllers/test.php              |  146 ++
 application/language/english/openid_lang.php  |   20 +
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID.php         |  563 +++++
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/AX.php      | 1022 ++++++++
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/Association.php     |  610 +++++
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/BigMath.php |  451 ++++
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/Consumer.php        | 2234 +++++++++++++++++
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/CryptUtil.php       |  122 +
 .../Auth/OpenID/DatabaseConnection.php        |  130 +
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/DiffieHellman.php   |  113 +
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/Discover.php        |  606 +++++
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/DumbStore.php       |   99 +
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/Extension.php       |   61 +
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/FileStore.php       |  618 +++++
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/HMAC.php    |  105 +
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/Interface.php       |  196 ++
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/KVForm.php  |  111 +
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/MDB2Store.php       |  413 +++
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/MemcachedStore.php  |  207 ++
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Message.php |  920 +++++++
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/MySQLStore.php      |   77 +
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Nonce.php   |  108 +
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/PAPE.php    |  300 +++
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Parse.php   |  377 +++
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/PostgreSQLStore.php |  112 +
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/SQLStore.php        |  557 ++++
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/SQLiteStore.php     |   70 +
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SReg.php    |  521 ++++
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Server.php  | 1765 +++++++++++++
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/ServerRequest.php   |   36 +
 .../libraries/Auth/OpenID/TrustRoot.php       |  461 ++++
 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/URINorm.php |  249 ++
 .../libraries/Auth/Yadis/HTTPFetcher.php      |  174 ++
 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Manager.php  |  521 ++++
 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Misc.php     |   58 +
 .../Auth/Yadis/ParanoidHTTPFetcher.php        |  245 ++
 .../libraries/Auth/Yadis/ParseHTML.php        |  258 ++
 .../libraries/Auth/Yadis/PlainHTTPFetcher.php |  248 ++
 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XML.php      |  352 +++
 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRDS.php     |  478 ++++
 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRI.php      |  234 ++
 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRIRes.php   |   72 +
 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Yadis.php    |  382 +++
 application/libraries/Openid.php              |  211 ++
 application/views/view_openid.php             |   68 +
 application/views/view_policy.php             |    9 +
 48 files changed, 16705 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 application/config/openid.php
 create mode 100644 application/controllers/test.php
 create mode 100644 application/language/english/openid_lang.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/AX.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Association.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/BigMath.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Consumer.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/CryptUtil.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DatabaseConnection.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DiffieHellman.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Discover.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DumbStore.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Extension.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/FileStore.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/HMAC.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Interface.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/KVForm.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MDB2Store.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MemcachedStore.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Message.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MySQLStore.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Nonce.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/PAPE.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Parse.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/PostgreSQLStore.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SQLStore.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SQLiteStore.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SReg.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Server.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/ServerRequest.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/TrustRoot.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/URINorm.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/HTTPFetcher.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Manager.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Misc.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/ParanoidHTTPFetcher.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/ParseHTML.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/PlainHTTPFetcher.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XML.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRDS.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRI.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRIRes.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Yadis.php
 create mode 100644 application/libraries/Openid.php
 create mode 100644 application/views/view_openid.php
 create mode 100644 application/views/view_policy.php

diff --git a/application/config/openid.php b/application/config/openid.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37a9667
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/config/openid.php
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php if (!defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+
+$config['openid_storepath'] = 'tmp';
+$config['openid_policy'] = 'test/policy';
+$config['openid_required'] = array('nickname');
+$config['openid_optional'] = array('fullname', 'email');
+$config['openid_request_to'] = 'test/check';
+
+?>
diff --git a/application/controllers/catalog.php b/application/controllers/catalog.php
index 1addf0d..7d86d36 100644
--- a/application/controllers/catalog.php
+++ b/application/controllers/catalog.php
@@ -148,11 +148,12 @@ class Catalog extends CI_Controller {
 	{
 		// Redirect to an URL which contains search string if data was passed
 		// via POST method and not via URL segments.
-		$str_post_search = $this->input->post('search', TRUE);
+		$str_post_search = $this->input->post('search');
 		if ($search_query === "" && $str_post_search !== FALSE) 
-			redirect('catalog/search/'. $this->input->post('search', TRUE));
+			redirect('catalog/search/'. $str_post_search);
 
 		$this->load->model('videos_model');
+		$this->load->library('security');
 		
 		// **
 		// ** LOADING MODEL
@@ -160,6 +161,9 @@ class Catalog extends CI_Controller {
 		// Search query is encoded for URL and must be decoded.
 		$enc_search_query = $search_query;
 		$search_query = $this->videos_model->decode_search_query($search_query);
+		
+		// Security filtering
+		$search_query = $this->security->xss_clean($search_query);
 		$results_data['search_query'] = $search_query;
 
 		// Category
diff --git a/application/controllers/test.php b/application/controllers/test.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1cc29c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/controllers/test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+<?php
+
+class Test extends CI_Controller {
+
+    function Test()
+    {
+        parent::__construct();
+
+    $this->lang->load('openid', 'english');
+        $this->load->library('openid');
+        $this->load->helper('url');
+        //$this->output->enable_profiler(TRUE);
+    }
+    
+    // Index
+    function index()
+    {
+    if ($this->input->post('action') == 'verify')
+    {
+        $user_id = $this->input->post('openid_identifier');
+        $pape_policy_uris = $this->input->post('policies');
+        
+        if (!$pape_policy_uris)
+        {
+          $pape_policy_uris = array();
+        }
+        
+        $this->config->load('openid');      
+        $req = $this->config->item('openid_required');
+        $opt = $this->config->item('openid_optional');
+        $policy = site_url($this->config->item('openid_policy'));
+        $request_to = site_url($this->config->item('openid_request_to'));
+        
+        $this->openid->set_request_to($request_to);
+        $this->openid->set_trust_root(base_url());
+        $this->openid->set_args(null);
+        $this->openid->set_sreg(true, $req, $opt, $policy);
+        $this->openid->set_pape(true, $pape_policy_uris);
+        $this->openid->authenticate($user_id);
+    }
+    
+    $data['pape_policy_uris'] = array(
+        PAPE_AUTH_MULTI_FACTOR_PHYSICAL,
+        PAPE_AUTH_MULTI_FACTOR,
+        PAPE_AUTH_PHISHING_RESISTANT
+        );
+        
+    $this->load->view('view_openid', $data);
+
+    }
+    
+    // Policy
+    function policy()
+    {
+      $this->load->view('view_policy');
+    }
+    
+    // set message
+    function _set_message($msg, $val = '', $sub = '%s')
+    {
+        return str_replace($sub, $val, $this->lang->line($msg));
+    }
+    
+    // Check
+    function check()
+    {    
+      $this->config->load('openid');
+      $request_to = site_url($this->config->item('openid_request_to'));
+      
+      $this->openid->set_request_to($request_to);
+    $response = $this->openid->getResponse();
+
+    switch ($response->status)
+    {
+        case Auth_OpenID_CANCEL:
+            $data['msg'] = $this->lang->line('openid_cancel');
+            break;
+        case Auth_OpenID_FAILURE:
+            $data['error'] = $this->_set_message('openid_failure', $response->message);
+            break;
+        case Auth_OpenID_SUCCESS:
+            $openid = $response->getDisplayIdentifier();
+            $esc_identity = htmlspecialchars($openid, ENT_QUOTES);
+
+            $data['success'] = $this->_set_message('openid_success', array($esc_identity, $esc_identity), array('%s','%t'));
+
+            if ($response->endpoint->canonicalID) {
+                $data['success'] .= $this->_set_message('openid_canonical', $response->endpoint->canonicalID);
+            }
+
+            $sreg_resp = Auth_OpenID_SRegResponse::fromSuccessResponse($response);
+            $sreg = $sreg_resp->contents();
+
+            foreach ($sreg as $key => $value)
+            {
+                $data['success'] .= $this->_set_message('openid_content', array($key, $value), array('%s','%t'));
+            }
+
+            $pape_resp = Auth_OpenID_PAPE_Response::fromSuccessResponse($response);
+
+            if ($pape_resp)
+            {
+                if ($pape_resp->auth_policies)
+                {
+                    $data['success'] .= $this->lang->line('openid_pape_policies_affected');
+
+                    foreach ($pape_resp->auth_policies as $uri)
+                    {
+                        $data['success'] .= "<li><tt>$uri</tt></li>";
+                    }
+
+                    $data['success'] .= "</ul>";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    $data['success'] .= $this->lang->line('openid_pape_not_affected');
+                }
+
+                if ($pape_resp->auth_age)
+                {
+                    $data['success'] .= $this->_set_message('openid_auth_age', $pape_resp->auth_age);
+                }
+
+                if ($pape_resp->nist_auth_level)
+                {
+                    $data['success'] .= $this->_set_message('openid_nist_level', $pape_resp->nist_auth_level);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                $data['success'] .= $this->lang->line('openid_pape_noresponse');
+            }
+            break;
+     }
+    
+      $data['pape_policy_uris'] = array(
+        PAPE_AUTH_MULTI_FACTOR_PHYSICAL,
+        PAPE_AUTH_MULTI_FACTOR,
+        PAPE_AUTH_PHISHING_RESISTANT
+    );
+        
+    $this->load->view('view_openid', $data);   
+    }
+
+}
+?>
diff --git a/application/language/english/openid_lang.php b/application/language/english/openid_lang.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a21328f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/language/english/openid_lang.php
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?php
+
+$lang['openid_cancel'] = "Verification cancelled.";
+$lang['openid_failure'] = "OpenID authentication failed: %s";
+$lang['openid_success'] = 'You have successfully verified <a href="%s">%t</a> as your identity.';
+$lang['openid_pape_policies_affected'] = "<p>The following PAPE policies affected the authentication:</p><ul>";
+$lang['openid_pape_noresponse'] = "<p>No PAPE response was sent by the provider.</p>";
+$lang['openid_pape_not_affected'] = "<p>No PAPE policies affected the authentication.</p>";
+$lang['openid_content'] = " Your %s is '%t'.";
+$lang['openid_canonical'] = "  (XRI CanonicalID: %s) ";
+$lang['openid_nist_level'] = "<p>The NIST auth level returned by the server is: <tt>%s</tt></p>";
+$lang['openid_auth_age'] = "<p>The authentication age returned by the server is: <tt>%s</tt></p>";
+
+$lang['openid_auth_error'] = 'Authentication error; not a valid OpenID.';
+$lang['openid_sreg_failed'] = 'SREG failed.';
+$lang['openid_pape_failed'] = 'PAPE failed.';
+$lang['openid_redirect_failed'] = 'Could not redirect to server: %s';
+$lang['openid_storepath_failed'] = 'Could not create the FileStore directory %s. Please check the effective permissions.';
+
+?>
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9d9779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID.php
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This is the PHP OpenID library by JanRain, Inc.
+ *
+ * This module contains core utility functionality used by the
+ * library.  See Consumer.php and Server.php for the consumer and
+ * server implementations.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The library version string
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_VERSION', '2.2.2');
+
+/**
+ * Require the fetcher code.
+ */
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/PlainHTTPFetcher.php";
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/ParanoidHTTPFetcher.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/BigMath.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/URINorm.php";
+
+/**
+ * Status code returned by the server when the only option is to show
+ * an error page, since we do not have enough information to redirect
+ * back to the consumer. The associated value is an error message that
+ * should be displayed on an HTML error page.
+ *
+ * @see Auth_OpenID_Server
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_LOCAL_ERROR', 'local_error');
+
+/**
+ * Status code returned when there is an error to return in key-value
+ * form to the consumer. The caller should return a 400 Bad Request
+ * response with content-type text/plain and the value as the body.
+ *
+ * @see Auth_OpenID_Server
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_REMOTE_ERROR', 'remote_error');
+
+/**
+ * Status code returned when there is a key-value form OK response to
+ * the consumer. The value associated with this code is the
+ * response. The caller should return a 200 OK response with
+ * content-type text/plain and the value as the body.
+ *
+ * @see Auth_OpenID_Server
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_REMOTE_OK', 'remote_ok');
+
+/**
+ * Status code returned when there is a redirect back to the
+ * consumer. The value is the URL to redirect back to. The caller
+ * should return a 302 Found redirect with a Location: header
+ * containing the URL.
+ *
+ * @see Auth_OpenID_Server
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_REDIRECT', 'redirect');
+
+/**
+ * Status code returned when the caller needs to authenticate the
+ * user. The associated value is a {@link Auth_OpenID_ServerRequest}
+ * object that can be used to complete the authentication. If the user
+ * has taken some authentication action, use the retry() method of the
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_ServerRequest} object to complete the request.
+ *
+ * @see Auth_OpenID_Server
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_DO_AUTH', 'do_auth');
+
+/**
+ * Status code returned when there were no OpenID arguments
+ * passed. This code indicates that the caller should return a 200 OK
+ * response and display an HTML page that says that this is an OpenID
+ * server endpoint.
+ *
+ * @see Auth_OpenID_Server
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_DO_ABOUT', 'do_about');
+
+/**
+ * Defines for regexes and format checking.
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_letters',
+       "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ");
+
+define('Auth_OpenID_digits',
+       "0123456789");
+
+define('Auth_OpenID_punct',
+       "!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~");
+
+Auth_OpenID_include_init();
+
+/**
+ * The OpenID utility function class.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @access private
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID {
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if $thing is an Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse object;
+     * false if not.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function isFailure($thing)
+    {
+        return is_a($thing, 'Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the query data from the server environment based on the
+     * request method used.  If GET was used, this looks at
+     * $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] directly.  If POST was used, this
+     * fetches data from the special php://input file stream.
+     *
+     * Returns an associative array of the query arguments.
+     *
+     * Skips invalid key/value pairs (i.e. keys with no '=value'
+     * portion).
+     *
+     * Returns an empty array if neither GET nor POST was used, or if
+     * POST was used but php://input cannot be opened.
+     *
+     * See background:
+     * http://lists.openidenabled.com/pipermail/dev/2007-March/000395.html
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function getQuery($query_str=null)
+    {
+        $data = array();
+
+        if ($query_str !== null) {
+            $data = Auth_OpenID::params_from_string($query_str);
+        } else if (!array_key_exists('REQUEST_METHOD', $_SERVER)) {
+            // Do nothing.
+        } else {
+          // XXX HACK FIXME HORRIBLE.
+          //
+          // POSTing to a URL with query parameters is acceptable, but
+          // we don't have a clean way to distinguish those parameters
+          // when we need to do things like return_to verification
+          // which only want to look at one kind of parameter.  We're
+          // going to emulate the behavior of some other environments
+          // by defaulting to GET and overwriting with POST if POST
+          // data is available.
+          $data = Auth_OpenID::params_from_string($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']);
+
+          if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {
+            $str = file_get_contents('php://input');
+
+            if ($str === false) {
+              $post = array();
+            } else {
+              $post = Auth_OpenID::params_from_string($str);
+            }
+
+            $data = array_merge($data, $post);
+          }
+        }
+
+        return $data;
+    }
+
+    static function params_from_string($str)
+    {
+        $chunks = explode("&", $str);
+
+        $data = array();
+        foreach ($chunks as $chunk) {
+            $parts = explode("=", $chunk, 2);
+
+            if (count($parts) != 2) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            list($k, $v) = $parts;
+            $data[urldecode($k)] = urldecode($v);
+        }
+
+        return $data;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create dir_name as a directory if it does not exist. If it
+     * exists, make sure that it is, in fact, a directory.  Returns
+     * true if the operation succeeded; false if not.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function ensureDir($dir_name)
+    {
+        if (is_dir($dir_name) || @mkdir($dir_name)) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            $parent_dir = dirname($dir_name);
+
+            // Terminal case; there is no parent directory to create.
+            if ($parent_dir == $dir_name) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return (Auth_OpenID::ensureDir($parent_dir) && @mkdir($dir_name));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a string prefix to all values of an array.  Returns a new
+     * array containing the prefixed values.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function addPrefix($values, $prefix)
+    {
+        $new_values = array();
+        foreach ($values as $s) {
+            $new_values[] = $prefix . $s;
+        }
+        return $new_values;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function for getting array values.  Given an array
+     * $arr and a key $key, get the corresponding value from the array
+     * or return $default if the key is absent.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function arrayGet($arr, $key, $fallback = null)
+    {
+        if (is_array($arr)) {
+            if (array_key_exists($key, $arr)) {
+                return $arr[$key];
+            } else {
+                return $fallback;
+            }
+        } else {
+            trigger_error("Auth_OpenID::arrayGet (key = ".$key.") expected " .
+                          "array as first parameter, got " .
+                          gettype($arr), E_USER_WARNING);
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replacement for PHP's broken parse_str.
+     */
+    static function parse_str($query)
+    {
+        if ($query === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $parts = explode('&', $query);
+
+        $new_parts = array();
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($parts); $i++) {
+            $pair = explode('=', $parts[$i]);
+
+            if (count($pair) != 2) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            list($key, $value) = $pair;
+            $new_parts[urldecode($key)] = urldecode($value);
+        }
+
+        return $new_parts;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implements the PHP 5 'http_build_query' functionality.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param array $data Either an array key/value pairs or an array
+     * of arrays, each of which holding two values: a key and a value,
+     * sequentially.
+     * @return string $result The result of url-encoding the key/value
+     * pairs from $data into a URL query string
+     * (e.g. "username=bob&id=56").
+     */
+    static function httpBuildQuery($data)
+    {
+        $pairs = array();
+        foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
+            if (is_array($value)) {
+                $pairs[] = urlencode($value[0])."=".urlencode($value[1]);
+            } else {
+                $pairs[] = urlencode($key)."=".urlencode($value);
+            }
+        }
+        return implode("&", $pairs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * "Appends" query arguments onto a URL.  The URL may or may not
+     * already have arguments (following a question mark).
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $url A URL, which may or may not already have
+     * arguments.
+     * @param array $args Either an array key/value pairs or an array of
+     * arrays, each of which holding two values: a key and a value,
+     * sequentially.  If $args is an ordinary key/value array, the
+     * parameters will be added to the URL in sorted alphabetical order;
+     * if $args is an array of arrays, their order will be preserved.
+     * @return string $url The original URL with the new parameters added.
+     *
+     */
+    static function appendArgs($url, $args)
+    {
+        if (count($args) == 0) {
+            return $url;
+        }
+
+        // Non-empty array; if it is an array of arrays, use
+        // multisort; otherwise use sort.
+        if (array_key_exists(0, $args) &&
+            is_array($args[0])) {
+            // Do nothing here.
+        } else {
+            $keys = array_keys($args);
+            sort($keys);
+            $new_args = array();
+            foreach ($keys as $key) {
+                $new_args[] = array($key, $args[$key]);
+            }
+            $args = $new_args;
+        }
+
+        $sep = '?';
+        if (strpos($url, '?') !== false) {
+            $sep = '&';
+        }
+
+        return $url . $sep . Auth_OpenID::httpBuildQuery($args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implements python's urlunparse, which is not available in PHP.
+     * Given the specified components of a URL, this function rebuilds
+     * and returns the URL.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $scheme The scheme (e.g. 'http').  Defaults to 'http'.
+     * @param string $host The host.  Required.
+     * @param string $port The port.
+     * @param string $path The path.
+     * @param string $query The query.
+     * @param string $fragment The fragment.
+     * @return string $url The URL resulting from assembling the
+     * specified components.
+     */
+    static function urlunparse($scheme, $host, $port = null, $path = '/',
+                        $query = '', $fragment = '')
+    {
+
+        if (!$scheme) {
+            $scheme = 'http';
+        }
+
+        if (!$host) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!$path) {
+            $path = '';
+        }
+
+        $result = $scheme . "://" . $host;
+
+        if ($port) {
+            $result .= ":" . $port;
+        }
+
+        $result .= $path;
+
+        if ($query) {
+            $result .= "?" . $query;
+        }
+
+        if ($fragment) {
+            $result .= "#" . $fragment;
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a URL, this "normalizes" it by adding a trailing slash
+     * and / or a leading http:// scheme where necessary.  Returns
+     * null if the original URL is malformed and cannot be normalized.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $url The URL to be normalized.
+     * @return mixed $new_url The URL after normalization, or null if
+     * $url was malformed.
+     */
+    static function normalizeUrl($url)
+    {
+        @$parsed = parse_url($url);
+
+        if (!$parsed) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($parsed['scheme']) &&
+            isset($parsed['host'])) {
+            $scheme = strtolower($parsed['scheme']);
+            if (!in_array($scheme, array('http', 'https'))) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        } else {
+            $url = 'http://' . $url;
+        }
+
+        $normalized = Auth_OpenID_urinorm($url);
+        if ($normalized === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        list($defragged, $frag) = Auth_OpenID::urldefrag($normalized);
+        return $defragged;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replacement (wrapper) for PHP's intval() because it's broken.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function intval($value)
+    {
+        $re = "/^\\d+$/";
+
+        if (!preg_match($re, $value)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return intval($value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Count the number of bytes in a string independently of
+     * multibyte support conditions.
+     *
+     * @param string $str The string of bytes to count.
+     * @return int The number of bytes in $str.
+     */
+    static function bytes($str)
+    {
+        return strlen(bin2hex($str)) / 2;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the bytes in a string independently of multibyte support
+     * conditions.
+     */
+    static function toBytes($str)
+    {
+        $hex = bin2hex($str);
+
+        if (!$hex) {
+            return array();
+        }
+
+        $b = array();
+        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($hex); $i += 2) {
+            $b[] = chr(base_convert(substr($hex, $i, 2), 16, 10));
+        }
+
+        return $b;
+    }
+
+    static function urldefrag($url)
+    {
+        $parts = explode("#", $url, 2);
+
+        if (count($parts) == 1) {
+            return array($parts[0], "");
+        } else {
+            return $parts;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static function filter($callback, &$sequence)
+    {
+        $result = array();
+
+        foreach ($sequence as $item) {
+            if (call_user_func_array($callback, array($item))) {
+                $result[] = $item;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    static function update(&$dest, &$src)
+    {
+        foreach ($src as $k => $v) {
+            $dest[$k] = $v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrap PHP's standard error_log functionality.  Use this to
+     * perform all logging. It will interpolate any additional
+     * arguments into the format string before logging.
+     *
+     * @param string $format_string The sprintf format for the message
+     */
+    static function log($format_string)
+    {
+        $args = func_get_args();
+        $message = call_user_func_array('sprintf', $args);
+        error_log($message);
+    }
+
+    static function autoSubmitHTML($form, $title="OpenId transaction in progress")
+    {
+        return("<html>".
+               "<head><title>".
+               $title .
+               "</title></head>".
+               "<body onload='document.forms[0].submit();'>".
+               $form .
+               "<script>".
+               "var elements = document.forms[0].elements;".
+               "for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {".
+               "  elements[i].style.display = \"none\";".
+               "}".
+               "</script>".
+               "</body>".
+               "</html>");
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function to run when this file is included.
+ * Abstracted to a function to make life easier
+ * for some PHP optimizers.
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_include_init() {
+  if (Auth_OpenID_getMathLib() === null) {
+    Auth_OpenID_setNoMathSupport();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/AX.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/AX.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7370715
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/AX.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1022 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Implements the OpenID attribute exchange specification, version 1.0
+ * as of svn revision 370 from openid.net svn.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Require utility classes and functions for the consumer.
+ */
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Extension.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Message.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/TrustRoot.php";
+
+define('Auth_OpenID_AX_NS_URI',
+       'http://openid.net/srv/ax/1.0');
+
+// Use this as the 'count' value for an attribute in a FetchRequest to
+// ask for as many values as the OP can provide.
+define('Auth_OpenID_AX_UNLIMITED_VALUES', 'unlimited');
+
+// Minimum supported alias length in characters.  Here for
+// completeness.
+define('Auth_OpenID_AX_MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_ALIAS_LENGTH', 32);
+
+/**
+ * AX utility class.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AX {
+    /**
+     * @param mixed $thing Any object which may be an
+     * Auth_OpenID_AX_Error object.
+     *
+     * @return bool true if $thing is an Auth_OpenID_AX_Error; false
+     * if not.
+     */
+    static function isError($thing)
+    {
+        return is_a($thing, 'Auth_OpenID_AX_Error');
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check an alias for invalid characters; raise AXError if any are
+ * found.  Return None if the alias is valid.
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_AX_checkAlias($alias)
+{
+  if (strpos($alias, ',') !== false) {
+      return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(sprintf(
+                   "Alias %s must not contain comma", $alias));
+  }
+  if (strpos($alias, '.') !== false) {
+      return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(sprintf(
+                   "Alias %s must not contain period", $alias));
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Results from data that does not meet the attribute exchange 1.0
+ * specification
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AX_Error {
+    function Auth_OpenID_AX_Error($message=null)
+    {
+        $this->message = $message;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Abstract class containing common code for attribute exchange
+ * messages.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AX_Message extends Auth_OpenID_Extension {
+    /**
+     * ns_alias: The preferred namespace alias for attribute exchange
+     * messages
+     */
+    var $ns_alias = 'ax';
+
+    /**
+     * mode: The type of this attribute exchange message. This must be
+     * overridden in subclasses.
+     */
+    var $mode = null;
+
+    var $ns_uri = Auth_OpenID_AX_NS_URI;
+
+    /**
+     * Return Auth_OpenID_AX_Error if the mode in the attribute
+     * exchange arguments does not match what is expected for this
+     * class; true otherwise.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _checkMode($ax_args)
+    {
+        $mode = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($ax_args, 'mode');
+        if ($mode != $this->mode) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                            sprintf(
+                                    "Expected mode '%s'; got '%s'",
+                                    $this->mode, $mode));
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a set of attribute exchange arguments containing the
+     * basic information that must be in every attribute exchange
+     * message.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _newArgs()
+    {
+        return array('mode' => $this->mode);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Represents a single attribute in an attribute exchange
+ * request. This should be added to an AXRequest object in order to
+ * request the attribute.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AX_AttrInfo {
+    /**
+     * Construct an attribute information object.  Do not call this
+     * directly; call make(...) instead.
+     *
+     * @param string $type_uri The type URI for this attribute.
+     *
+     * @param int $count The number of values of this type to request.
+     *
+     * @param bool $required Whether the attribute will be marked as
+     * required in the request.
+     *
+     * @param string $alias The name that should be given to this
+     * attribute in the request.
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_AX_AttrInfo($type_uri, $count, $required,
+                                     $alias)
+    {
+        /**
+         * required: Whether the attribute will be marked as required
+         * when presented to the subject of the attribute exchange
+         * request.
+         */
+        $this->required = $required;
+
+        /**
+         * count: How many values of this type to request from the
+         * subject. Defaults to one.
+         */
+        $this->count = $count;
+
+        /**
+         * type_uri: The identifier that determines what the attribute
+         * represents and how it is serialized. For example, one type
+         * URI representing dates could represent a Unix timestamp in
+         * base 10 and another could represent a human-readable
+         * string.
+         */
+        $this->type_uri = $type_uri;
+
+        /**
+         * alias: The name that should be given to this attribute in
+         * the request. If it is not supplied, a generic name will be
+         * assigned. For example, if you want to call a Unix timestamp
+         * value 'tstamp', set its alias to that value. If two
+         * attributes in the same message request to use the same
+         * alias, the request will fail to be generated.
+         */
+        $this->alias = $alias;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct an attribute information object.  For parameter
+     * details, see the constructor.
+     */
+    static function make($type_uri, $count=1, $required=false,
+                  $alias=null)
+    {
+        if ($alias !== null) {
+            $result = Auth_OpenID_AX_checkAlias($alias);
+
+            if (Auth_OpenID_AX::isError($result)) {
+                return $result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new Auth_OpenID_AX_AttrInfo($type_uri, $count, $required,
+                                           $alias);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When processing a request for this attribute, the OP should
+     * call this method to determine whether all available attribute
+     * values were requested.  If self.count == UNLIMITED_VALUES, this
+     * returns True.  Otherwise this returns False, in which case
+     * self.count is an integer.
+    */
+    function wantsUnlimitedValues()
+    {
+        return $this->count === Auth_OpenID_AX_UNLIMITED_VALUES;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Given a namespace mapping and a string containing a comma-separated
+ * list of namespace aliases, return a list of type URIs that
+ * correspond to those aliases.
+ *
+ * @param $namespace_map The mapping from namespace URI to alias
+ * @param $alias_list_s The string containing the comma-separated
+ * list of aliases. May also be None for convenience.
+ *
+ * @return $seq The list of namespace URIs that corresponds to the
+ * supplied list of aliases. If the string was zero-length or None, an
+ * empty list will be returned.
+ *
+ * return null If an alias is present in the list of aliases but
+ * is not present in the namespace map.
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_AX_toTypeURIs($namespace_map, $alias_list_s)
+{
+    $uris = array();
+
+    if ($alias_list_s) {
+        foreach (explode(',', $alias_list_s) as $alias) {
+            $type_uri = $namespace_map->getNamespaceURI($alias);
+            if ($type_uri === null) {
+                // raise KeyError(
+                // 'No type is defined for attribute name %r' % (alias,))
+                return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                  sprintf('No type is defined for attribute name %s',
+                          $alias)
+                  );
+            } else {
+                $uris[] = $type_uri;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $uris;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An attribute exchange 'fetch_request' message. This message is sent
+ * by a relying party when it wishes to obtain attributes about the
+ * subject of an OpenID authentication request.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AX_FetchRequest extends Auth_OpenID_AX_Message {
+
+    var $mode = 'fetch_request';
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_AX_FetchRequest($update_url=null)
+    {
+        /**
+         * requested_attributes: The attributes that have been
+         * requested thus far, indexed by the type URI.
+         */
+        $this->requested_attributes = array();
+
+        /**
+         * update_url: A URL that will accept responses for this
+         * attribute exchange request, even in the absence of the user
+         * who made this request.
+        */
+        $this->update_url = $update_url;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add an attribute to this attribute exchange request.
+     *
+     * @param attribute: The attribute that is being requested
+     * @return true on success, false when the requested attribute is
+     * already present in this fetch request.
+     */
+    function add($attribute)
+    {
+        if ($this->contains($attribute->type_uri)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+              sprintf("The attribute %s has already been requested",
+                      $attribute->type_uri));
+        }
+
+        $this->requested_attributes[$attribute->type_uri] = $attribute;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the serialized form of this attribute fetch request.
+     *
+     * @returns Auth_OpenID_AX_FetchRequest The fetch request message parameters
+     */
+    function getExtensionArgs()
+    {
+        $aliases = new Auth_OpenID_NamespaceMap();
+
+        $required = array();
+        $if_available = array();
+
+        $ax_args = $this->_newArgs();
+
+        foreach ($this->requested_attributes as $type_uri => $attribute) {
+            if ($attribute->alias === null) {
+                $alias = $aliases->add($type_uri);
+            } else {
+                $alias = $aliases->addAlias($type_uri, $attribute->alias);
+
+                if ($alias === null) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                      sprintf("Could not add alias %s for URI %s",
+                              $attribute->alias, $type_uri
+                      ));
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ($attribute->required) {
+                $required[] = $alias;
+            } else {
+                $if_available[] = $alias;
+            }
+
+            if ($attribute->count != 1) {
+                $ax_args['count.' . $alias] = strval($attribute->count);
+            }
+
+            $ax_args['type.' . $alias] = $type_uri;
+        }
+
+        if ($required) {
+            $ax_args['required'] = implode(',', $required);
+        }
+
+        if ($if_available) {
+            $ax_args['if_available'] = implode(',', $if_available);
+        }
+
+        return $ax_args;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the type URIs for all attributes that have been marked as
+     * required.
+     *
+     * @return A list of the type URIs for attributes that have been
+     * marked as required.
+     */
+    function getRequiredAttrs()
+    {
+        $required = array();
+        foreach ($this->requested_attributes as $type_uri => $attribute) {
+            if ($attribute->required) {
+                $required[] = $type_uri;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $required;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extract a FetchRequest from an OpenID message
+     *
+     * @param request: The OpenID request containing the attribute
+     * fetch request
+     *
+     * @returns mixed An Auth_OpenID_AX_Error or the
+     * Auth_OpenID_AX_FetchRequest extracted from the request message if
+     * successful
+     */
+    static function fromOpenIDRequest($request)
+    {
+        $m = $request->message;
+        $obj = new Auth_OpenID_AX_FetchRequest();
+        $ax_args = $m->getArgs($obj->ns_uri);
+
+        $result = $obj->parseExtensionArgs($ax_args);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID_AX::isError($result)) {
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        if ($obj->update_url) {
+            // Update URL must match the openid.realm of the
+            // underlying OpenID 2 message.
+            $realm = $m->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'realm',
+                        $m->getArg(
+                                  Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                  'return_to'));
+
+            if (!$realm) {
+                $obj = new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                  sprintf("Cannot validate update_url %s " .
+                          "against absent realm", $obj->update_url));
+            } else if (!Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot::match($realm,
+                                                     $obj->update_url)) {
+                $obj = new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                  sprintf("Update URL %s failed validation against realm %s",
+                          $obj->update_url, $realm));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given attribute exchange arguments, populate this FetchRequest.
+     *
+     * @return $result Auth_OpenID_AX_Error if the data to be parsed
+     * does not follow the attribute exchange specification. At least
+     * when 'if_available' or 'required' is not specified for a
+     * particular attribute type.  Returns true otherwise.
+    */
+    function parseExtensionArgs($ax_args)
+    {
+        $result = $this->_checkMode($ax_args);
+        if (Auth_OpenID_AX::isError($result)) {
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        $aliases = new Auth_OpenID_NamespaceMap();
+
+        foreach ($ax_args as $key => $value) {
+            if (strpos($key, 'type.') === 0) {
+                $alias = substr($key, 5);
+                $type_uri = $value;
+
+                $alias = $aliases->addAlias($type_uri, $alias);
+
+                if ($alias === null) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                      sprintf("Could not add alias %s for URI %s",
+                              $alias, $type_uri)
+                      );
+                }
+
+                $count_s = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($ax_args, 'count.' . $alias);
+                if ($count_s) {
+                    $count = Auth_OpenID::intval($count_s);
+                    if (($count === false) &&
+                        ($count_s === Auth_OpenID_AX_UNLIMITED_VALUES)) {
+                        $count = $count_s;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $count = 1;
+                }
+
+                if ($count === false) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                      sprintf("Integer value expected for %s, got %s",
+                              'count.' . $alias, $count_s));
+                }
+
+                $attrinfo = Auth_OpenID_AX_AttrInfo::make($type_uri, $count,
+                                                          false, $alias);
+
+                if (Auth_OpenID_AX::isError($attrinfo)) {
+                    return $attrinfo;
+                }
+
+                $this->add($attrinfo);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $required = Auth_OpenID_AX_toTypeURIs($aliases,
+                         Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($ax_args, 'required'));
+
+        foreach ($required as $type_uri) {
+            $attrib = $this->requested_attributes[$type_uri];
+            $attrib->required = true;
+        }
+
+        $if_available = Auth_OpenID_AX_toTypeURIs($aliases,
+                             Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($ax_args, 'if_available'));
+
+        $all_type_uris = array_merge($required, $if_available);
+
+        foreach ($aliases->iterNamespaceURIs() as $type_uri) {
+            if (!in_array($type_uri, $all_type_uris)) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                  sprintf('Type URI %s was in the request but not ' .
+                          'present in "required" or "if_available"',
+                          $type_uri));
+
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->update_url = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($ax_args, 'update_url');
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Iterate over the AttrInfo objects that are contained in this
+     * fetch_request.
+     */
+    function iterAttrs()
+    {
+        return array_values($this->requested_attributes);
+    }
+
+    function iterTypes()
+    {
+        return array_keys($this->requested_attributes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the given type URI present in this fetch_request?
+     */
+    function contains($type_uri)
+    {
+        return in_array($type_uri, $this->iterTypes());
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An abstract class that implements a message that has attribute keys
+ * and values. It contains the common code between fetch_response and
+ * store_request.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AX_KeyValueMessage extends Auth_OpenID_AX_Message {
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_AX_KeyValueMessage()
+    {
+        $this->data = array();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a single value for the given attribute type to the
+     * message. If there are already values specified for this type,
+     * this value will be sent in addition to the values already
+     * specified.
+     *
+     * @param type_uri: The URI for the attribute
+     * @param value: The value to add to the response to the relying
+     * party for this attribute
+     * @return null
+     */
+    function addValue($type_uri, $value)
+    {
+        if (!array_key_exists($type_uri, $this->data)) {
+            $this->data[$type_uri] = array();
+        }
+
+        $values =& $this->data[$type_uri];
+        $values[] = $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the values for the given attribute type. This replaces any
+     * values that have already been set for this attribute.
+     *
+     * @param type_uri: The URI for the attribute
+     * @param values: A list of values to send for this attribute.
+     */
+    function setValues($type_uri, &$values)
+    {
+        $this->data[$type_uri] =& $values;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the extension arguments for the key/value pairs contained
+     * in this message.
+     *
+     * @param aliases: An alias mapping. Set to None if you don't care
+     * about the aliases for this request.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _getExtensionKVArgs($aliases)
+    {
+        if ($aliases === null) {
+            $aliases = new Auth_OpenID_NamespaceMap();
+        }
+
+        $ax_args = array();
+
+        foreach ($this->data as $type_uri => $values) {
+            $alias = $aliases->add($type_uri);
+
+            $ax_args['type.' . $alias] = $type_uri;
+            $ax_args['count.' . $alias] = strval(count($values));
+
+            foreach ($values as $i => $value) {
+              $key = sprintf('value.%s.%d', $alias, $i + 1);
+              $ax_args[$key] = $value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $ax_args;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse attribute exchange key/value arguments into this object.
+     *
+     * @param ax_args: The attribute exchange fetch_response
+     * arguments, with namespacing removed.
+     *
+     * @return Auth_OpenID_AX_Error or true
+     */
+    function parseExtensionArgs($ax_args)
+    {
+        $result = $this->_checkMode($ax_args);
+        if (Auth_OpenID_AX::isError($result)) {
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        $aliases = new Auth_OpenID_NamespaceMap();
+
+        foreach ($ax_args as $key => $value) {
+            if (strpos($key, 'type.') === 0) {
+                $type_uri = $value;
+                $alias = substr($key, 5);
+
+                $result = Auth_OpenID_AX_checkAlias($alias);
+
+                if (Auth_OpenID_AX::isError($result)) {
+                    return $result;
+                }
+
+                $alias = $aliases->addAlias($type_uri, $alias);
+
+                if ($alias === null) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                      sprintf("Could not add alias %s for URI %s",
+                              $alias, $type_uri)
+                      );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach ($aliases->iteritems() as $pair) {
+            list($type_uri, $alias) = $pair;
+
+            if (array_key_exists('count.' . $alias, $ax_args) && ($ax_args['count.' . $alias] !== Auth_OpenID_AX_UNLIMITED_VALUES)) {
+
+                $count_key = 'count.' . $alias;
+                $count_s = $ax_args[$count_key];
+
+                $count = Auth_OpenID::intval($count_s);
+
+                if ($count === false) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                      sprintf("Integer value expected for %s, got %s",
+                              'count. %s' . $alias, $count_s,
+                              Auth_OpenID_AX_UNLIMITED_VALUES)
+                                                    );
+                }
+
+                $values = array();
+                for ($i = 1; $i < $count + 1; $i++) {
+                    $value_key = sprintf('value.%s.%d', $alias, $i);
+
+                    if (!array_key_exists($value_key, $ax_args)) {
+                      return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                        sprintf(
+                                "No value found for key %s",
+                                $value_key));
+                    }
+
+                    $value = $ax_args[$value_key];
+                    $values[] = $value;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $key = 'value.' . $alias;
+
+                if (!array_key_exists($key, $ax_args)) {
+                  return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                    sprintf(
+                            "No value found for key %s",
+                            $key));
+                }
+
+                $value = $ax_args['value.' . $alias];
+
+                if ($value == '') {
+                    $values = array();
+                } else {
+                    $values = array($value);
+                }
+            }
+
+            $this->data[$type_uri] = $values;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a single value for an attribute. If no value was sent for
+     * this attribute, use the supplied default. If there is more than
+     * one value for this attribute, this method will fail.
+     *
+     * @param type_uri: The URI for the attribute
+     * @param default: The value to return if the attribute was not
+     * sent in the fetch_response.
+     *
+     * @return $value Auth_OpenID_AX_Error on failure or the value of
+     * the attribute in the fetch_response message, or the default
+     * supplied
+     */
+    function getSingle($type_uri, $default=null)
+    {
+        $values = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($this->data, $type_uri);
+        if (!$values) {
+            return $default;
+        } else if (count($values) == 1) {
+            return $values[0];
+        } else {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+              sprintf('More than one value present for %s',
+                      $type_uri)
+              );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of values for this attribute in the
+     * fetch_response.
+     *
+     * XXX: what to do if the values are not present? default
+     * parameter? this is funny because it's always supposed to return
+     * a list, so the default may break that, though it's provided by
+     * the user's code, so it might be okay. If no default is
+     * supplied, should the return be None or []?
+     *
+     * @param type_uri: The URI of the attribute
+     *
+     * @return $values The list of values for this attribute in the
+     * response. May be an empty list.  If the attribute was not sent
+     * in the response, returns Auth_OpenID_AX_Error.
+     */
+    function get($type_uri)
+    {
+        if (array_key_exists($type_uri, $this->data)) {
+            return $this->data[$type_uri];
+        } else {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+              sprintf("Type URI %s not found in response",
+                      $type_uri)
+              );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the number of responses for a particular attribute in this
+     * fetch_response message.
+     *
+     * @param type_uri: The URI of the attribute
+     *
+     * @returns int The number of values sent for this attribute.  If
+     * the attribute was not sent in the response, returns
+     * Auth_OpenID_AX_Error.
+     */
+    function count($type_uri)
+    {
+        if (array_key_exists($type_uri, $this->data)) {
+            return count($this->get($type_uri));
+        } else {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+              sprintf("Type URI %s not found in response",
+                      $type_uri)
+              );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A fetch_response attribute exchange message.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AX_FetchResponse extends Auth_OpenID_AX_KeyValueMessage {
+    var $mode = 'fetch_response';
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_AX_FetchResponse($update_url=null)
+    {
+        $this->Auth_OpenID_AX_KeyValueMessage();
+        $this->update_url = $update_url;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Serialize this object into arguments in the attribute exchange
+     * namespace
+     *
+     * @return $args The dictionary of unqualified attribute exchange
+     * arguments that represent this fetch_response, or
+     * Auth_OpenID_AX_Error on error.
+     */
+    function getExtensionArgs($request=null)
+    {
+        $aliases = new Auth_OpenID_NamespaceMap();
+
+        $zero_value_types = array();
+
+        if ($request !== null) {
+            // Validate the data in the context of the request (the
+            // same attributes should be present in each, and the
+            // counts in the response must be no more than the counts
+            // in the request)
+
+            foreach ($this->data as $type_uri => $unused) {
+                if (!$request->contains($type_uri)) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                      sprintf("Response attribute not present in request: %s",
+                              $type_uri)
+                      );
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach ($request->iterAttrs() as $attr_info) {
+                // Copy the aliases from the request so that reading
+                // the response in light of the request is easier
+                if ($attr_info->alias === null) {
+                    $aliases->add($attr_info->type_uri);
+                } else {
+                    $alias = $aliases->addAlias($attr_info->type_uri,
+                                                $attr_info->alias);
+
+                    if ($alias === null) {
+                        return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                          sprintf("Could not add alias %s for URI %s",
+                                  $attr_info->alias, $attr_info->type_uri)
+                          );
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (array_key_exists($attr_info->type_uri, $this->data)) {
+                    $values = $this->data[$attr_info->type_uri];
+                } else {
+                    $values = array();
+                    $zero_value_types[] = $attr_info;
+                }
+
+                if (($attr_info->count != Auth_OpenID_AX_UNLIMITED_VALUES) &&
+                    ($attr_info->count < count($values))) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error(
+                      sprintf("More than the number of requested values " .
+                              "were specified for %s",
+                              $attr_info->type_uri)
+                      );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $kv_args = $this->_getExtensionKVArgs($aliases);
+
+        // Add the KV args into the response with the args that are
+        // unique to the fetch_response
+        $ax_args = $this->_newArgs();
+
+        // For each requested attribute, put its type/alias and count
+        // into the response even if no data were returned.
+        foreach ($zero_value_types as $attr_info) {
+            $alias = $aliases->getAlias($attr_info->type_uri);
+            $kv_args['type.' . $alias] = $attr_info->type_uri;
+            $kv_args['count.' . $alias] = '0';
+        }
+
+        $update_url = null;
+        if ($request) {
+            $update_url = $request->update_url;
+        } else {
+            $update_url = $this->update_url;
+        }
+
+        if ($update_url) {
+            $ax_args['update_url'] = $update_url;
+        }
+
+        Auth_OpenID::update($ax_args, $kv_args);
+
+        return $ax_args;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return $result Auth_OpenID_AX_Error on failure or true on
+     * success.
+     */
+    function parseExtensionArgs($ax_args)
+    {
+        $result = parent::parseExtensionArgs($ax_args);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID_AX::isError($result)) {
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        $this->update_url = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($ax_args, 'update_url');
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a FetchResponse object from an OpenID library
+     * SuccessResponse object.
+     *
+     * @param success_response: A successful id_res response object
+     *
+     * @param signed: Whether non-signed args should be processsed. If
+     * True (the default), only signed arguments will be processsed.
+     *
+     * @return $response A FetchResponse containing the data from the
+     * OpenID message
+     */
+    static function fromSuccessResponse($success_response, $signed=true)
+    {
+        $obj = new Auth_OpenID_AX_FetchResponse();
+        if ($signed) {
+            $ax_args = $success_response->getSignedNS($obj->ns_uri);
+        } else {
+            $ax_args = $success_response->message->getArgs($obj->ns_uri);
+        }
+        if ($ax_args === null || Auth_OpenID::isFailure($ax_args) ||
+              sizeof($ax_args) == 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $result = $obj->parseExtensionArgs($ax_args);
+        if (Auth_OpenID_AX::isError($result)) {
+            #XXX log me
+            return null;
+        }
+        return $obj;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A store request attribute exchange message representation.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AX_StoreRequest extends Auth_OpenID_AX_KeyValueMessage {
+    var $mode = 'store_request';
+
+    /**
+     * @param array $aliases The namespace aliases to use when making
+     * this store response. Leave as None to use defaults.
+     */
+    function getExtensionArgs($aliases=null)
+    {
+        $ax_args = $this->_newArgs();
+        $kv_args = $this->_getExtensionKVArgs($aliases);
+        Auth_OpenID::update($ax_args, $kv_args);
+        return $ax_args;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An indication that the store request was processed along with this
+ * OpenID transaction.  Use make(), NOT the constructor, to create
+ * response objects.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AX_StoreResponse extends Auth_OpenID_AX_Message {
+    var $SUCCESS_MODE = 'store_response_success';
+    var $FAILURE_MODE = 'store_response_failure';
+
+    /**
+     * Returns Auth_OpenID_AX_Error on error or an
+     * Auth_OpenID_AX_StoreResponse object on success.
+     */
+    function make($succeeded=true, $error_message=null)
+    {
+        if (($succeeded) && ($error_message !== null)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_AX_Error('An error message may only be '.
+                                    'included in a failing fetch response');
+        }
+
+        return new Auth_OpenID_AX_StoreResponse($succeeded, $error_message);
+    }
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_AX_StoreResponse($succeeded=true, $error_message=null)
+    {
+        if ($succeeded) {
+            $this->mode = $this->SUCCESS_MODE;
+        } else {
+            $this->mode = $this->FAILURE_MODE;
+        }
+
+        $this->error_message = $error_message;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Was this response a success response?
+     */
+    function succeeded()
+    {
+        return $this->mode == $this->SUCCESS_MODE;
+    }
+
+    function getExtensionArgs()
+    {
+        $ax_args = $this->_newArgs();
+        if ((!$this->succeeded()) && $this->error_message) {
+            $ax_args['error'] = $this->error_message;
+        }
+
+        return $ax_args;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Association.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Association.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2729138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Association.php
@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This module contains code for dealing with associations between
+ * consumers and servers.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/CryptUtil.php';
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/KVForm.php';
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/HMAC.php';
+
+/**
+ * This class represents an association between a server and a
+ * consumer.  In general, users of this library will never see
+ * instances of this object.  The only exception is if you implement a
+ * custom {@link Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore}.
+ *
+ * If you do implement such a store, it will need to store the values
+ * of the handle, secret, issued, lifetime, and assoc_type instance
+ * variables.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_Association {
+
+    /**
+     * This is a HMAC-SHA1 specific value.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $SIG_LENGTH = 20;
+
+    /**
+     * The ordering and name of keys as stored by serialize.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $assoc_keys = array(
+                            'version',
+                            'handle',
+                            'secret',
+                            'issued',
+                            'lifetime',
+                            'assoc_type'
+                            );
+
+    var $_macs = array(
+                       'HMAC-SHA1' => 'Auth_OpenID_HMACSHA1',
+                       'HMAC-SHA256' => 'Auth_OpenID_HMACSHA256'
+                       );
+
+    /**
+     * This is an alternate constructor (factory method) used by the
+     * OpenID consumer library to create associations.  OpenID store
+     * implementations shouldn't use this constructor.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     *
+     * @param integer $expires_in This is the amount of time this
+     * association is good for, measured in seconds since the
+     * association was issued.
+     *
+     * @param string $handle This is the handle the server gave this
+     * association.
+     *
+     * @param string secret This is the shared secret the server
+     * generated for this association.
+     *
+     * @param assoc_type This is the type of association this
+     * instance represents.  The only valid values of this field at
+     * this time is 'HMAC-SHA1' and 'HMAC-SHA256', but new types may
+     * be defined in the future.
+     *
+     * @return association An {@link Auth_OpenID_Association}
+     * instance.
+     */
+    static function fromExpiresIn($expires_in, $handle, $secret, $assoc_type)
+    {
+        $issued = time();
+        $lifetime = $expires_in;
+        return new Auth_OpenID_Association($handle, $secret,
+                                           $issued, $lifetime, $assoc_type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This is the standard constructor for creating an association.
+     * The library should create all of the necessary associations, so
+     * this constructor is not part of the external API.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     *
+     * @param string $handle This is the handle the server gave this
+     * association.
+     *
+     * @param string $secret This is the shared secret the server
+     * generated for this association.
+     *
+     * @param integer $issued This is the time this association was
+     * issued, in seconds since 00:00 GMT, January 1, 1970.  (ie, a
+     * unix timestamp)
+     *
+     * @param integer $lifetime This is the amount of time this
+     * association is good for, measured in seconds since the
+     * association was issued.
+     *
+     * @param string $assoc_type This is the type of association this
+     * instance represents.  The only valid values of this field at
+     * this time is 'HMAC-SHA1' and 'HMAC-SHA256', but new types may
+     * be defined in the future.
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_Association(
+        $handle, $secret, $issued, $lifetime, $assoc_type)
+    {
+        if (!in_array($assoc_type,
+                      Auth_OpenID_getSupportedAssociationTypes(), true)) {
+            $fmt = 'Unsupported association type (%s)';
+            trigger_error(sprintf($fmt, $assoc_type), E_USER_ERROR);
+        }
+
+        $this->handle = $handle;
+        $this->secret = $secret;
+        $this->issued = $issued;
+        $this->lifetime = $lifetime;
+        $this->assoc_type = $assoc_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This returns the number of seconds this association is still
+     * valid for, or 0 if the association is no longer valid.
+     *
+     * @return integer $seconds The number of seconds this association
+     * is still valid for, or 0 if the association is no longer valid.
+     */
+    function getExpiresIn($now = null)
+    {
+        if ($now == null) {
+            $now = time();
+        }
+
+        return max(0, $this->issued + $this->lifetime - $now);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This checks to see if two {@link Auth_OpenID_Association}
+     * instances represent the same association.
+     *
+     * @return bool $result true if the two instances represent the
+     * same association, false otherwise.
+     */
+    function equal($other)
+    {
+        return ((gettype($this) == gettype($other))
+                && ($this->handle == $other->handle)
+                && ($this->secret == $other->secret)
+                && ($this->issued == $other->issued)
+                && ($this->lifetime == $other->lifetime)
+                && ($this->assoc_type == $other->assoc_type));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert an association to KV form.
+     *
+     * @return string $result String in KV form suitable for
+     * deserialization by deserialize.
+     */
+    function serialize()
+    {
+        $data = array(
+                     'version' => '2',
+                     'handle' => $this->handle,
+                     'secret' => base64_encode($this->secret),
+                     'issued' => strval(intval($this->issued)),
+                     'lifetime' => strval(intval($this->lifetime)),
+                     'assoc_type' => $this->assoc_type
+                     );
+
+        assert(array_keys($data) == $this->assoc_keys);
+
+        return Auth_OpenID_KVForm::fromArray($data, $strict = true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an association as stored by serialize().  This is the
+     * inverse of serialize.
+     *
+     * @param string $assoc_s Association as serialized by serialize()
+     * @return Auth_OpenID_Association $result instance of this class
+     */
+    static function deserialize($class_name, $assoc_s)
+    {
+        $pairs = Auth_OpenID_KVForm::toArray($assoc_s, $strict = true);
+        $keys = array();
+        $values = array();
+        foreach ($pairs as $key => $value) {
+            if (is_array($value)) {
+                list($key, $value) = $value;
+            }
+            $keys[] = $key;
+            $values[] = $value;
+        }
+
+        $class_vars = get_class_vars($class_name);
+        $class_assoc_keys = $class_vars['assoc_keys'];
+
+        sort($keys);
+        sort($class_assoc_keys);
+
+        if ($keys != $class_assoc_keys) {
+            trigger_error('Unexpected key values: ' . var_export($keys, true),
+                          E_USER_WARNING);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $version = $pairs['version'];
+        $handle = $pairs['handle'];
+        $secret = $pairs['secret'];
+        $issued = $pairs['issued'];
+        $lifetime = $pairs['lifetime'];
+        $assoc_type = $pairs['assoc_type'];
+
+        if ($version != '2') {
+            trigger_error('Unknown version: ' . $version, E_USER_WARNING);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $issued = intval($issued);
+        $lifetime = intval($lifetime);
+        $secret = base64_decode($secret);
+
+        return new $class_name(
+            $handle, $secret, $issued, $lifetime, $assoc_type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate a signature for a sequence of (key, value) pairs
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param array $pairs The pairs to sign, in order.  This is an
+     * array of two-tuples.
+     * @return string $signature The binary signature of this sequence
+     * of pairs
+     */
+    function sign($pairs)
+    {
+        $kv = Auth_OpenID_KVForm::fromArray($pairs);
+
+        /* Invalid association types should be caught at constructor */
+        $callback = $this->_macs[$this->assoc_type];
+
+        return call_user_func_array($callback, array($this->secret, $kv));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate a signature for some fields in a dictionary
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param array $fields The fields to sign, in order; this is an
+     * array of strings.
+     * @param array $data Dictionary of values to sign (an array of
+     * string => string pairs).
+     * @return string $signature The signature, base64 encoded
+     */
+    function signMessage($message)
+    {
+        if ($message->hasKey(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'sig') ||
+            $message->hasKey(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'signed')) {
+            // Already has a sig
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $extant_handle = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                          'assoc_handle');
+
+        if ($extant_handle && ($extant_handle != $this->handle)) {
+            // raise ValueError("Message has a different association handle")
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $signed_message = $message;
+        $signed_message->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'assoc_handle',
+                                $this->handle);
+
+        $message_keys = array_keys($signed_message->toPostArgs());
+        $signed_list = array();
+        $signed_prefix = 'openid.';
+
+        foreach ($message_keys as $k) {
+            if (strpos($k, $signed_prefix) === 0) {
+                $signed_list[] = substr($k, strlen($signed_prefix));
+            }
+        }
+
+        $signed_list[] = 'signed';
+        sort($signed_list);
+
+        $signed_message->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'signed',
+                                implode(',', $signed_list));
+        $sig = $this->getMessageSignature($signed_message);
+        $signed_message->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'sig', $sig);
+        return $signed_message;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a {@link Auth_OpenID_Message}, return the key/value pairs
+     * to be signed according to the signed list in the message.  If
+     * the message lacks a signed list, return null.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _makePairs($message)
+    {
+        $signed = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'signed');
+        if (!$signed || Auth_OpenID::isFailure($signed)) {
+            // raise ValueError('Message has no signed list: %s' % (message,))
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $signed_list = explode(',', $signed);
+        $pairs = array();
+        $data = $message->toPostArgs();
+        foreach ($signed_list as $field) {
+            $pairs[] = array($field, Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($data,
+                                                           'openid.' .
+                                                           $field, ''));
+        }
+        return $pairs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given an {@link Auth_OpenID_Message}, return the signature for
+     * the signed list in the message.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function getMessageSignature($message)
+    {
+        $pairs = $this->_makePairs($message);
+        return base64_encode($this->sign($pairs));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Confirm that the signature of these fields matches the
+     * signature contained in the data.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function checkMessageSignature($message)
+    {
+        $sig = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                'sig');
+
+        if (!$sig || Auth_OpenID::isFailure($sig)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $calculated_sig = $this->getMessageSignature($message);
+        return Auth_OpenID_CryptUtil::constEq($calculated_sig, $sig);
+    }
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getSecretSize($assoc_type)
+{
+    if ($assoc_type == 'HMAC-SHA1') {
+        return 20;
+    } else if ($assoc_type == 'HMAC-SHA256') {
+        return 32;
+    } else {
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getAllAssociationTypes()
+{
+    return array('HMAC-SHA1', 'HMAC-SHA256');
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getSupportedAssociationTypes()
+{
+    $a = array('HMAC-SHA1');
+
+    if (Auth_OpenID_HMACSHA256_SUPPORTED) {
+        $a[] = 'HMAC-SHA256';
+    }
+
+    return $a;
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getSessionTypes($assoc_type)
+{
+    $assoc_to_session = array(
+       'HMAC-SHA1' => array('DH-SHA1', 'no-encryption'));
+
+    if (Auth_OpenID_HMACSHA256_SUPPORTED) {
+        $assoc_to_session['HMAC-SHA256'] =
+            array('DH-SHA256', 'no-encryption');
+    }
+
+    return Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($assoc_to_session, $assoc_type, array());
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_checkSessionType($assoc_type, $session_type)
+{
+    if (!in_array($session_type,
+                  Auth_OpenID_getSessionTypes($assoc_type))) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getDefaultAssociationOrder()
+{
+    $order = array();
+
+    if (!Auth_OpenID_noMathSupport()) {
+        $order[] = array('HMAC-SHA1', 'DH-SHA1');
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID_HMACSHA256_SUPPORTED) {
+            $order[] = array('HMAC-SHA256', 'DH-SHA256');
+        }
+    }
+
+    $order[] = array('HMAC-SHA1', 'no-encryption');
+
+    if (Auth_OpenID_HMACSHA256_SUPPORTED) {
+        $order[] = array('HMAC-SHA256', 'no-encryption');
+    }
+
+    return $order;
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getOnlyEncryptedOrder()
+{
+    $result = array();
+
+    foreach (Auth_OpenID_getDefaultAssociationOrder() as $pair) {
+        list($assoc, $session) = $pair;
+
+        if ($session != 'no-encryption') {
+            if (Auth_OpenID_HMACSHA256_SUPPORTED &&
+                ($assoc == 'HMAC-SHA256')) {
+                $result[] = $pair;
+            } else if ($assoc != 'HMAC-SHA256') {
+                $result[] = $pair;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getDefaultNegotiator()
+{
+    return new Auth_OpenID_SessionNegotiator(
+                 Auth_OpenID_getDefaultAssociationOrder());
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getEncryptedNegotiator()
+{
+    return new Auth_OpenID_SessionNegotiator(
+                 Auth_OpenID_getOnlyEncryptedOrder());
+}
+
+/**
+ * A session negotiator controls the allowed and preferred association
+ * types and association session types. Both the {@link
+ * Auth_OpenID_Consumer} and {@link Auth_OpenID_Server} use
+ * negotiators when creating associations.
+ *
+ * You can create and use negotiators if you:
+
+ * - Do not want to do Diffie-Hellman key exchange because you use
+ * transport-layer encryption (e.g. SSL)
+ *
+ * - Want to use only SHA-256 associations
+ *
+ * - Do not want to support plain-text associations over a non-secure
+ * channel
+ *
+ * It is up to you to set a policy for what kinds of associations to
+ * accept. By default, the library will make any kind of association
+ * that is allowed in the OpenID 2.0 specification.
+ *
+ * Use of negotiators in the library
+ * =================================
+ *
+ * When a consumer makes an association request, it calls {@link
+ * getAllowedType} to get the preferred association type and
+ * association session type.
+ *
+ * The server gets a request for a particular association/session type
+ * and calls {@link isAllowed} to determine if it should create an
+ * association. If it is supported, negotiation is complete. If it is
+ * not, the server calls {@link getAllowedType} to get an allowed
+ * association type to return to the consumer.
+ *
+ * If the consumer gets an error response indicating that the
+ * requested association/session type is not supported by the server
+ * that contains an assocation/session type to try, it calls {@link
+ * isAllowed} to determine if it should try again with the given
+ * combination of association/session type.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_SessionNegotiator {
+    function Auth_OpenID_SessionNegotiator($allowed_types)
+    {
+        $this->allowed_types = array();
+        $this->setAllowedTypes($allowed_types);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the allowed association types, checking to make sure each
+     * combination is valid.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function setAllowedTypes($allowed_types)
+    {
+        foreach ($allowed_types as $pair) {
+            list($assoc_type, $session_type) = $pair;
+            if (!Auth_OpenID_checkSessionType($assoc_type, $session_type)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->allowed_types = $allowed_types;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add an association type and session type to the allowed types
+     * list. The assocation/session pairs are tried in the order that
+     * they are added.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function addAllowedType($assoc_type, $session_type = null)
+    {
+        if ($this->allowed_types === null) {
+            $this->allowed_types = array();
+        }
+
+        if ($session_type === null) {
+            $available = Auth_OpenID_getSessionTypes($assoc_type);
+
+            if (!$available) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            foreach ($available as $session_type) {
+                $this->addAllowedType($assoc_type, $session_type);
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (Auth_OpenID_checkSessionType($assoc_type, $session_type)) {
+                $this->allowed_types[] = array($assoc_type, $session_type);
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Is this combination of association type and session type allowed?
+    function isAllowed($assoc_type, $session_type)
+    {
+        $assoc_good = in_array(array($assoc_type, $session_type),
+                               $this->allowed_types);
+
+        $matches = in_array($session_type,
+                            Auth_OpenID_getSessionTypes($assoc_type));
+
+        return ($assoc_good && $matches);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a pair of assocation type and session type that are
+     * supported.
+     */
+    function getAllowedType()
+    {
+        if (!$this->allowed_types) {
+            return array(null, null);
+        }
+
+        return $this->allowed_types[0];
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/BigMath.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/BigMath.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58b46bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/BigMath.php
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * BigMath: A math library wrapper that abstracts out the underlying
+ * long integer library.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Needed for random number generation
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/CryptUtil.php';
+
+/**
+ * Need Auth_OpenID::bytes().
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID.php';
+
+/**
+ * The superclass of all big-integer math implementations
+ * @access private
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_MathLibrary {
+    /**
+     * Given a long integer, returns the number converted to a binary
+     * string.  This function accepts long integer values of arbitrary
+     * magnitude and uses the local large-number math library when
+     * available.
+     *
+     * @param integer $long The long number (can be a normal PHP
+     * integer or a number created by one of the available long number
+     * libraries)
+     * @return string $binary The binary version of $long
+     */
+    function longToBinary($long)
+    {
+        $cmp = $this->cmp($long, 0);
+        if ($cmp < 0) {
+            $msg = __FUNCTION__ . " takes only positive integers.";
+            trigger_error($msg, E_USER_ERROR);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if ($cmp == 0) {
+            return "\x00";
+        }
+
+        $bytes = array();
+
+        while ($this->cmp($long, 0) > 0) {
+            array_unshift($bytes, $this->mod($long, 256));
+            $long = $this->div($long, pow(2, 8));
+        }
+
+        if ($bytes && ($bytes[0] > 127)) {
+            array_unshift($bytes, 0);
+        }
+
+        $string = '';
+        foreach ($bytes as $byte) {
+            $string .= pack('C', $byte);
+        }
+
+        return $string;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a binary string, returns the binary string converted to a
+     * long number.
+     *
+     * @param string $binary The binary version of a long number,
+     * probably as a result of calling longToBinary
+     * @return integer $long The long number equivalent of the binary
+     * string $str
+     */
+    function binaryToLong($str)
+    {
+        if ($str === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Use array_merge to return a zero-indexed array instead of a
+        // one-indexed array.
+        $bytes = array_merge(unpack('C*', $str));
+
+        $n = $this->init(0);
+
+        if ($bytes && ($bytes[0] > 127)) {
+            trigger_error("bytesToNum works only for positive integers.",
+                          E_USER_WARNING);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($bytes as $byte) {
+            $n = $this->mul($n, pow(2, 8));
+            $n = $this->add($n, $byte);
+        }
+
+        return $n;
+    }
+
+    function base64ToLong($str)
+    {
+        $b64 = base64_decode($str);
+
+        if ($b64 === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->binaryToLong($b64);
+    }
+
+    function longToBase64($str)
+    {
+        return base64_encode($this->longToBinary($str));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a random number in the specified range.  This function
+     * accepts $start, $stop, and $step values of arbitrary magnitude
+     * and will utilize the local large-number math library when
+     * available.
+     *
+     * @param integer $start The start of the range, or the minimum
+     * random number to return
+     * @param integer $stop The end of the range, or the maximum
+     * random number to return
+     * @param integer $step The step size, such that $result - ($step
+     * * N) = $start for some N
+     * @return integer $result The resulting randomly-generated number
+     */
+    function rand($stop)
+    {
+        static $duplicate_cache = array();
+
+        // Used as the key for the duplicate cache
+        $rbytes = $this->longToBinary($stop);
+
+        if (array_key_exists($rbytes, $duplicate_cache)) {
+            list($duplicate, $nbytes) = $duplicate_cache[$rbytes];
+        } else {
+            if ($rbytes[0] == "\x00") {
+                $nbytes = Auth_OpenID::bytes($rbytes) - 1;
+            } else {
+                $nbytes = Auth_OpenID::bytes($rbytes);
+            }
+
+            $mxrand = $this->pow(256, $nbytes);
+
+            // If we get a number less than this, then it is in the
+            // duplicated range.
+            $duplicate = $this->mod($mxrand, $stop);
+
+            if (count($duplicate_cache) > 10) {
+                $duplicate_cache = array();
+            }
+
+            $duplicate_cache[$rbytes] = array($duplicate, $nbytes);
+        }
+
+        do {
+            $bytes = "\x00" . Auth_OpenID_CryptUtil::getBytes($nbytes);
+            $n = $this->binaryToLong($bytes);
+            // Keep looping if this value is in the low duplicated range
+        } while ($this->cmp($n, $duplicate) < 0);
+
+        return $this->mod($n, $stop);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exposes BCmath math library functionality.
+ *
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_BcMathWrapper} wraps the functionality provided
+ * by the BCMath extension.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_BcMathWrapper extends Auth_OpenID_MathLibrary{
+    var $type = 'bcmath';
+
+    function add($x, $y)
+    {
+        return bcadd($x, $y);
+    }
+
+    function sub($x, $y)
+    {
+        return bcsub($x, $y);
+    }
+
+    function pow($base, $exponent)
+    {
+        return bcpow($base, $exponent);
+    }
+
+    function cmp($x, $y)
+    {
+        return bccomp($x, $y);
+    }
+
+    function init($number, $base = 10)
+    {
+        return $number;
+    }
+
+    function mod($base, $modulus)
+    {
+        return bcmod($base, $modulus);
+    }
+
+    function mul($x, $y)
+    {
+        return bcmul($x, $y);
+    }
+
+    function div($x, $y)
+    {
+        return bcdiv($x, $y);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Same as bcpowmod when bcpowmod is missing
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _powmod($base, $exponent, $modulus)
+    {
+        $square = $this->mod($base, $modulus);
+        $result = 1;
+        while($this->cmp($exponent, 0) > 0) {
+            if ($this->mod($exponent, 2)) {
+                $result = $this->mod($this->mul($result, $square), $modulus);
+            }
+            $square = $this->mod($this->mul($square, $square), $modulus);
+            $exponent = $this->div($exponent, 2);
+        }
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    function powmod($base, $exponent, $modulus)
+    {
+        if (function_exists('bcpowmod')) {
+            return bcpowmod($base, $exponent, $modulus);
+        } else {
+            return $this->_powmod($base, $exponent, $modulus);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function toString($num)
+    {
+        return $num;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exposes GMP math library functionality.
+ *
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_GmpMathWrapper} wraps the functionality provided
+ * by the GMP extension.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_GmpMathWrapper extends Auth_OpenID_MathLibrary{
+    var $type = 'gmp';
+
+    function add($x, $y)
+    {
+        return gmp_add($x, $y);
+    }
+
+    function sub($x, $y)
+    {
+        return gmp_sub($x, $y);
+    }
+
+    function pow($base, $exponent)
+    {
+        return gmp_pow($base, $exponent);
+    }
+
+    function cmp($x, $y)
+    {
+        return gmp_cmp($x, $y);
+    }
+
+    function init($number, $base = 10)
+    {
+        return gmp_init($number, $base);
+    }
+
+    function mod($base, $modulus)
+    {
+        return gmp_mod($base, $modulus);
+    }
+
+    function mul($x, $y)
+    {
+        return gmp_mul($x, $y);
+    }
+
+    function div($x, $y)
+    {
+        return gmp_div_q($x, $y);
+    }
+
+    function powmod($base, $exponent, $modulus)
+    {
+        return gmp_powm($base, $exponent, $modulus);
+    }
+
+    function toString($num)
+    {
+        return gmp_strval($num);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Define the supported extensions.  An extension array has keys
+ * 'modules', 'extension', and 'class'.  'modules' is an array of PHP
+ * module names which the loading code will attempt to load.  These
+ * values will be suffixed with a library file extension (e.g. ".so").
+ * 'extension' is the name of a PHP extension which will be tested
+ * before 'modules' are loaded.  'class' is the string name of a
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_MathWrapper} subclass which should be
+ * instantiated if a given extension is present.
+ *
+ * You can define new math library implementations and add them to
+ * this array.
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_math_extensions()
+{
+    $result = array();
+
+    if (!defined('Auth_OpenID_BUGGY_GMP')) {
+        $result[] =
+            array('modules' => array('gmp', 'php_gmp'),
+                  'extension' => 'gmp',
+                  'class' => 'Auth_OpenID_GmpMathWrapper');
+    }
+
+    $result[] = array('modules' => array('bcmath', 'php_bcmath'),
+                      'extension' => 'bcmath',
+                      'class' => 'Auth_OpenID_BcMathWrapper');
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect which (if any) math library is available
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_detectMathLibrary($exts)
+{
+    $loaded = false;
+
+    foreach ($exts as $extension) {
+        if (extension_loaded($extension['extension'])) {
+            return $extension;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_getMathLib} checks for the presence of long
+ * number extension modules and returns an instance of
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_MathWrapper} which exposes the module's
+ * functionality.
+ *
+ * Checks for the existence of an extension module described by the
+ * result of {@link Auth_OpenID_math_extensions()} and returns an
+ * instance of a wrapper for that extension module.  If no extension
+ * module is found, an instance of {@link Auth_OpenID_MathWrapper} is
+ * returned, which wraps the native PHP integer implementation.  The
+ * proper calling convention for this method is $lib =
+ * Auth_OpenID_getMathLib().
+ *
+ * This function checks for the existence of specific long number
+ * implementations in the following order: GMP followed by BCmath.
+ *
+ * @return Auth_OpenID_MathWrapper $instance An instance of
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_MathWrapper} or one of its subclasses
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_getMathLib()
+{
+    // The instance of Auth_OpenID_MathWrapper that we choose to
+    // supply will be stored here, so that subseqent calls to this
+    // method will return a reference to the same object.
+    static $lib = null;
+
+    if (isset($lib)) {
+        return $lib;
+    }
+
+    if (Auth_OpenID_noMathSupport()) {
+        $null = null;
+        return $null;
+    }
+
+    // If this method has not been called before, look at
+    // Auth_OpenID_math_extensions and try to find an extension that
+    // works.
+    $ext = Auth_OpenID_detectMathLibrary(Auth_OpenID_math_extensions());
+    if ($ext === false) {
+        $tried = array();
+        foreach (Auth_OpenID_math_extensions() as $extinfo) {
+            $tried[] = $extinfo['extension'];
+        }
+        $triedstr = implode(", ", $tried);
+
+        Auth_OpenID_setNoMathSupport();
+
+        $result = null;
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    // Instantiate a new wrapper
+    $class = $ext['class'];
+    $lib = new $class();
+
+    return $lib;
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_setNoMathSupport()
+{
+    if (!defined('Auth_OpenID_NO_MATH_SUPPORT')) {
+        define('Auth_OpenID_NO_MATH_SUPPORT', true);
+    }
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_noMathSupport()
+{
+    return defined('Auth_OpenID_NO_MATH_SUPPORT');
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Consumer.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Consumer.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e480b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Consumer.php
@@ -0,0 +1,2234 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This module documents the main interface with the OpenID consumer
+ * library.  The only part of the library which has to be used and
+ * isn't documented in full here is the store required to create an
+ * Auth_OpenID_Consumer instance.  More on the abstract store type and
+ * concrete implementations of it that are provided in the
+ * documentation for the Auth_OpenID_Consumer constructor.
+ *
+ * OVERVIEW
+ *
+ * The OpenID identity verification process most commonly uses the
+ * following steps, as visible to the user of this library:
+ *
+ *   1. The user enters their OpenID into a field on the consumer's
+ *      site, and hits a login button.
+ *   2. The consumer site discovers the user's OpenID server using the
+ *      YADIS protocol.
+ *   3. The consumer site sends the browser a redirect to the identity
+ *      server.  This is the authentication request as described in
+ *      the OpenID specification.
+ *   4. The identity server's site sends the browser a redirect back
+ *      to the consumer site.  This redirect contains the server's
+ *      response to the authentication request.
+ *
+ * The most important part of the flow to note is the consumer's site
+ * must handle two separate HTTP requests in order to perform the full
+ * identity check.
+ *
+ * LIBRARY DESIGN
+ * 
+ * This consumer library is designed with that flow in mind.  The goal
+ * is to make it as easy as possible to perform the above steps
+ * securely.
+ *
+ * At a high level, there are two important parts in the consumer
+ * library.  The first important part is this module, which contains
+ * the interface to actually use this library.  The second is the
+ * Auth_OpenID_Interface class, which describes the interface to use
+ * if you need to create a custom method for storing the state this
+ * library needs to maintain between requests.
+ *
+ * In general, the second part is less important for users of the
+ * library to know about, as several implementations are provided
+ * which cover a wide variety of situations in which consumers may use
+ * the library.
+ *
+ * This module contains a class, Auth_OpenID_Consumer, with methods
+ * corresponding to the actions necessary in each of steps 2, 3, and 4
+ * described in the overview.  Use of this library should be as easy
+ * as creating an Auth_OpenID_Consumer instance and calling the
+ * methods appropriate for the action the site wants to take.
+ *
+ * STORES AND DUMB MODE
+ *
+ * OpenID is a protocol that works best when the consumer site is able
+ * to store some state.  This is the normal mode of operation for the
+ * protocol, and is sometimes referred to as smart mode.  There is
+ * also a fallback mode, known as dumb mode, which is available when
+ * the consumer site is not able to store state.  This mode should be
+ * avoided when possible, as it leaves the implementation more
+ * vulnerable to replay attacks.
+ *
+ * The mode the library works in for normal operation is determined by
+ * the store that it is given.  The store is an abstraction that
+ * handles the data that the consumer needs to manage between http
+ * requests in order to operate efficiently and securely.
+ *
+ * Several store implementation are provided, and the interface is
+ * fully documented so that custom stores can be used as well.  See
+ * the documentation for the Auth_OpenID_Consumer class for more
+ * information on the interface for stores.  The implementations that
+ * are provided allow the consumer site to store the necessary data in
+ * several different ways, including several SQL databases and normal
+ * files on disk.
+ *
+ * There is an additional concrete store provided that puts the system
+ * in dumb mode.  This is not recommended, as it removes the library's
+ * ability to stop replay attacks reliably.  It still uses time-based
+ * checking to make replay attacks only possible within a small
+ * window, but they remain possible within that window.  This store
+ * should only be used if the consumer site has no way to retain data
+ * between requests at all.
+ *
+ * IMMEDIATE MODE
+ *
+ * In the flow described above, the user may need to confirm to the
+ * lidentity server that it's ok to authorize his or her identity.
+ * The server may draw pages asking for information from the user
+ * before it redirects the browser back to the consumer's site.  This
+ * is generally transparent to the consumer site, so it is typically
+ * ignored as an implementation detail.
+ *
+ * There can be times, however, where the consumer site wants to get a
+ * response immediately.  When this is the case, the consumer can put
+ * the library in immediate mode.  In immediate mode, there is an
+ * extra response possible from the server, which is essentially the
+ * server reporting that it doesn't have enough information to answer
+ * the question yet.
+ *
+ * USING THIS LIBRARY
+ *
+ * Integrating this library into an application is usually a
+ * relatively straightforward process.  The process should basically
+ * follow this plan:
+ *
+ * Add an OpenID login field somewhere on your site.  When an OpenID
+ * is entered in that field and the form is submitted, it should make
+ * a request to the your site which includes that OpenID URL.
+ *
+ * First, the application should instantiate the Auth_OpenID_Consumer
+ * class using the store of choice (Auth_OpenID_FileStore or one of
+ * the SQL-based stores).  If the application has a custom
+ * session-management implementation, an object implementing the
+ * {@link Auth_Yadis_PHPSession} interface should be passed as the
+ * second parameter.  Otherwise, the default uses $_SESSION.
+ *
+ * Next, the application should call the Auth_OpenID_Consumer object's
+ * 'begin' method.  This method takes the OpenID URL.  The 'begin'
+ * method returns an Auth_OpenID_AuthRequest object.
+ *
+ * Next, the application should call the 'redirectURL' method of the
+ * Auth_OpenID_AuthRequest object.  The 'return_to' URL parameter is
+ * the URL that the OpenID server will send the user back to after
+ * attempting to verify his or her identity.  The 'trust_root' is the
+ * URL (or URL pattern) that identifies your web site to the user when
+ * he or she is authorizing it.  Send a redirect to the resulting URL
+ * to the user's browser.
+ *
+ * That's the first half of the authentication process.  The second
+ * half of the process is done after the user's ID server sends the
+ * user's browser a redirect back to your site to complete their
+ * login.
+ *
+ * When that happens, the user will contact your site at the URL given
+ * as the 'return_to' URL to the Auth_OpenID_AuthRequest::redirectURL
+ * call made above.  The request will have several query parameters
+ * added to the URL by the identity server as the information
+ * necessary to finish the request.
+ *
+ * Lastly, instantiate an Auth_OpenID_Consumer instance as above and
+ * call its 'complete' method, passing in all the received query
+ * arguments.
+ *
+ * There are multiple possible return types possible from that
+ * method. These indicate the whether or not the login was successful,
+ * and include any additional information appropriate for their type.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Require utility classes and functions for the consumer.
+ */
+require_once "Auth/OpenID.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Message.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/HMAC.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Association.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/CryptUtil.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/DiffieHellman.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/KVForm.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Nonce.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Discover.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/URINorm.php";
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/Manager.php";
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/XRI.php";
+
+/**
+ * This is the status code returned when the complete method returns
+ * successfully.
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_SUCCESS', 'success');
+
+/**
+ * Status to indicate cancellation of OpenID authentication.
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_CANCEL', 'cancel');
+
+/**
+ * This is the status code completeAuth returns when the value it
+ * received indicated an invalid login.
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_FAILURE', 'failure');
+
+/**
+ * This is the status code completeAuth returns when the
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_Consumer} instance is in immediate mode, and the
+ * identity server sends back a URL to send the user to to complete his
+ * or her login.
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_SETUP_NEEDED', 'setup needed');
+
+/**
+ * This is the status code beginAuth returns when the page fetched
+ * from the entered OpenID URL doesn't contain the necessary link tags
+ * to function as an identity page.
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_PARSE_ERROR', 'parse error');
+
+/**
+ * An OpenID consumer implementation that performs discovery and does
+ * session management.  See the Consumer.php file documentation for
+ * more information.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_Consumer {
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $discoverMethod = 'Auth_OpenID_discover';
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $session_key_prefix = "_openid_consumer_";
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $_token_suffix = "last_token";
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize a Consumer instance.
+     *
+     * You should create a new instance of the Consumer object with
+     * every HTTP request that handles OpenID transactions.
+     *
+     * @param Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore $store This must be an object
+     * that implements the interface in {@link
+     * Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore}.  Several concrete implementations are
+     * provided, to cover most common use cases.  For stores backed by
+     * MySQL, PostgreSQL, or SQLite, see the {@link
+     * Auth_OpenID_SQLStore} class and its sublcasses.  For a
+     * filesystem-backed store, see the {@link Auth_OpenID_FileStore}
+     * module.  As a last resort, if it isn't possible for the server
+     * to store state at all, an instance of {@link
+     * Auth_OpenID_DumbStore} can be used.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $session An object which implements the interface
+     * of the {@link Auth_Yadis_PHPSession} class.  Particularly, this
+     * object is expected to have these methods: get($key), set($key),
+     * $value), and del($key).  This defaults to a session object
+     * which wraps PHP's native session machinery.  You should only
+     * need to pass something here if you have your own sessioning
+     * implementation.
+     *
+     * @param str $consumer_cls The name of the class to instantiate
+     * when creating the internal consumer object.  This is used for
+     * testing.
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_Consumer($store, $session = null,
+                                  $consumer_cls = null)
+    {
+        if ($session === null) {
+            $session = new Auth_Yadis_PHPSession();
+        }
+
+        $this->session = $session;
+
+        if ($consumer_cls !== null) {
+            $this->consumer = new $consumer_cls($store);
+        } else {
+            $this->consumer = new Auth_OpenID_GenericConsumer($store);
+        }
+
+        $this->_token_key = $this->session_key_prefix . $this->_token_suffix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used in testing to define the discovery mechanism.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function getDiscoveryObject($session, $openid_url,
+                                $session_key_prefix)
+    {
+        return new Auth_Yadis_Discovery($session, $openid_url,
+                                        $session_key_prefix);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start the OpenID authentication process. See steps 1-2 in the
+     * overview at the top of this file.
+     *
+     * @param string $user_url Identity URL given by the user. This
+     * method performs a textual transformation of the URL to try and
+     * make sure it is normalized. For example, a user_url of
+     * example.com will be normalized to http://example.com/
+     * normalizing and resolving any redirects the server might issue.
+     *
+     * @param bool $anonymous True if the OpenID request is to be sent
+     * to the server without any identifier information.  Use this
+     * when you want to transport data but don't want to do OpenID
+     * authentication with identifiers.
+     *
+     * @return Auth_OpenID_AuthRequest $auth_request An object
+     * containing the discovered information will be returned, with a
+     * method for building a redirect URL to the server, as described
+     * in step 3 of the overview. This object may also be used to add
+     * extension arguments to the request, using its 'addExtensionArg'
+     * method.
+     */
+    function begin($user_url, $anonymous=false)
+    {
+        $openid_url = $user_url;
+
+        $disco = $this->getDiscoveryObject($this->session,
+                                           $openid_url,
+                                           $this->session_key_prefix);
+
+        // Set the 'stale' attribute of the manager.  If discovery
+        // fails in a fatal way, the stale flag will cause the manager
+        // to be cleaned up next time discovery is attempted.
+
+        $m = $disco->getManager();
+        $loader = new Auth_Yadis_ManagerLoader();
+
+        if ($m) {
+            if ($m->stale) {
+                $disco->destroyManager();
+            } else {
+                $m->stale = true;
+                $disco->session->set($disco->session_key,
+                                     serialize($loader->toSession($m)));
+            }
+        }
+
+        $endpoint = $disco->getNextService($this->discoverMethod,
+                                           $this->consumer->fetcher);
+
+        // Reset the 'stale' attribute of the manager.
+        $m = $disco->getManager();
+        if ($m) {
+            $m->stale = false;
+            $disco->session->set($disco->session_key,
+                                 serialize($loader->toSession($m)));
+        }
+
+        if ($endpoint === null) {
+            return null;
+        } else {
+            return $this->beginWithoutDiscovery($endpoint,
+                                                $anonymous);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start OpenID verification without doing OpenID server
+     * discovery. This method is used internally by Consumer.begin
+     * after discovery is performed, and exists to provide an
+     * interface for library users needing to perform their own
+     * discovery.
+     *
+     * @param Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint $endpoint an OpenID service
+     * endpoint descriptor.
+     *
+     * @param bool anonymous Set to true if you want to perform OpenID
+     * without identifiers.
+     *
+     * @return Auth_OpenID_AuthRequest $auth_request An OpenID
+     * authentication request object.
+     */
+    function beginWithoutDiscovery($endpoint, $anonymous=false)
+    {
+        $loader = new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpointLoader();
+        $auth_req = $this->consumer->begin($endpoint);
+        $this->session->set($this->_token_key,
+              $loader->toSession($auth_req->endpoint));
+        if (!$auth_req->setAnonymous($anonymous)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+              "OpenID 1 requests MUST include the identifier " .
+              "in the request.");
+        }
+        return $auth_req;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called to interpret the server's response to an OpenID
+     * request. It is called in step 4 of the flow described in the
+     * consumer overview.
+     *
+     * @param string $current_url The URL used to invoke the application.
+     * Extract the URL from your application's web
+     * request framework and specify it here to have it checked
+     * against the openid.current_url value in the response.  If
+     * the current_url URL check fails, the status of the
+     * completion will be FAILURE.
+     *
+     * @param array $query An array of the query parameters (key =>
+     * value pairs) for this HTTP request.  Defaults to null.  If
+     * null, the GET or POST data are automatically gotten from the
+     * PHP environment.  It is only useful to override $query for
+     * testing.
+     *
+     * @return Auth_OpenID_ConsumerResponse $response A instance of an
+     * Auth_OpenID_ConsumerResponse subclass. The type of response is
+     * indicated by the status attribute, which will be one of
+     * SUCCESS, CANCEL, FAILURE, or SETUP_NEEDED.
+     */
+    function complete($current_url, $query=null)
+    {
+        if ($current_url && !is_string($current_url)) {
+            // This is ugly, but we need to complain loudly when
+            // someone uses the API incorrectly.
+            trigger_error("current_url must be a string; see NEWS file " .
+                          "for upgrading notes.",
+                          E_USER_ERROR);
+        }
+
+        if ($query === null) {
+            $query = Auth_OpenID::getQuery();
+        }
+
+        $loader = new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpointLoader();
+        $endpoint_data = $this->session->get($this->_token_key);
+        $endpoint =
+            $loader->fromSession($endpoint_data);
+
+        $message = Auth_OpenID_Message::fromPostArgs($query);
+        $response = $this->consumer->complete($message, $endpoint, 
+                                              $current_url);
+        $this->session->del($this->_token_key);
+
+        if (in_array($response->status, array(Auth_OpenID_SUCCESS,
+                                              Auth_OpenID_CANCEL))) {
+            if ($response->identity_url !== null) {
+                $disco = $this->getDiscoveryObject($this->session,
+                                                   $response->identity_url,
+                                                   $this->session_key_prefix);
+                $disco->cleanup(true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $response;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A class implementing HMAC/DH-SHA1 consumer sessions.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA1ConsumerSession {
+    var $session_type = 'DH-SHA1';
+    var $hash_func = 'Auth_OpenID_SHA1';
+    var $secret_size = 20;
+    var $allowed_assoc_types = array('HMAC-SHA1');
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA1ConsumerSession($dh = null)
+    {
+        if ($dh === null) {
+            $dh = new Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellman();
+        }
+
+        $this->dh = $dh;
+    }
+
+    function getRequest()
+    {
+        $math = Auth_OpenID_getMathLib();
+
+        $cpub = $math->longToBase64($this->dh->public);
+
+        $args = array('dh_consumer_public' => $cpub);
+
+        if (!$this->dh->usingDefaultValues()) {
+            $args = array_merge($args, array(
+                'dh_modulus' =>
+                     $math->longToBase64($this->dh->mod),
+                'dh_gen' =>
+                     $math->longToBase64($this->dh->gen)));
+        }
+
+        return $args;
+    }
+
+    function extractSecret($response)
+    {
+        if (!$response->hasKey(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                               'dh_server_public')) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (!$response->hasKey(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                               'enc_mac_key')) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $math = Auth_OpenID_getMathLib();
+
+        $spub = $math->base64ToLong($response->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                                      'dh_server_public'));
+        $enc_mac_key = base64_decode($response->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                                       'enc_mac_key'));
+
+        return $this->dh->xorSecret($spub, $enc_mac_key, $this->hash_func);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A class implementing HMAC/DH-SHA256 consumer sessions.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA256ConsumerSession extends
+      Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA1ConsumerSession {
+    var $session_type = 'DH-SHA256';
+    var $hash_func = 'Auth_OpenID_SHA256';
+    var $secret_size = 32;
+    var $allowed_assoc_types = array('HMAC-SHA256');
+}
+
+/**
+ * A class implementing plaintext consumer sessions.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_PlainTextConsumerSession {
+    var $session_type = 'no-encryption';
+    var $allowed_assoc_types =  array('HMAC-SHA1', 'HMAC-SHA256');
+
+    function getRequest()
+    {
+        return array();
+    }
+
+    function extractSecret($response)
+    {
+        if (!$response->hasKey(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'mac_key')) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return base64_decode($response->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                               'mac_key'));
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns available session types.
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_getAvailableSessionTypes()
+{
+    $types = array(
+      'no-encryption' => 'Auth_OpenID_PlainTextConsumerSession',
+      'DH-SHA1' => 'Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA1ConsumerSession',
+      'DH-SHA256' => 'Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA256ConsumerSession');
+
+    return $types;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This class is the interface to the OpenID consumer logic.
+ * Instances of it maintain no per-request state, so they can be
+ * reused (or even used by multiple threads concurrently) as needed.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_GenericConsumer {
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $discoverMethod = 'Auth_OpenID_discover';
+
+    /**
+     * This consumer's store object.
+     */
+    var $store;
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $_use_assocs;
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $openid1_nonce_query_arg_name = 'janrain_nonce';
+
+    /**
+     * Another query parameter that gets added to the return_to for
+     * OpenID 1; if the user's session state is lost, use this claimed
+     * identifier to do discovery when verifying the response.
+     */
+    var $openid1_return_to_identifier_name = 'openid1_claimed_id';
+
+    /**
+     * This method initializes a new {@link Auth_OpenID_Consumer}
+     * instance to access the library.
+     *
+     * @param Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore $store This must be an object
+     * that implements the interface in {@link Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore}.
+     * Several concrete implementations are provided, to cover most common use
+     * cases.  For stores backed by MySQL, PostgreSQL, or SQLite, see
+     * the {@link Auth_OpenID_SQLStore} class and its sublcasses.  For a
+     * filesystem-backed store, see the {@link Auth_OpenID_FileStore} module.
+     * As a last resort, if it isn't possible for the server to store
+     * state at all, an instance of {@link Auth_OpenID_DumbStore} can be used.
+     *
+     * @param bool $immediate This is an optional boolean value.  It
+     * controls whether the library uses immediate mode, as explained
+     * in the module description.  The default value is False, which
+     * disables immediate mode.
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_GenericConsumer($store)
+    {
+        $this->store = $store;
+        $this->negotiator = Auth_OpenID_getDefaultNegotiator();
+        $this->_use_assocs = (is_null($this->store) ? false : true);
+
+        $this->fetcher = Auth_Yadis_Yadis::getHTTPFetcher();
+
+        $this->session_types = Auth_OpenID_getAvailableSessionTypes();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called to begin OpenID authentication using the specified
+     * {@link Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function begin($service_endpoint)
+    {
+        $assoc = $this->_getAssociation($service_endpoint);
+        $r = new Auth_OpenID_AuthRequest($service_endpoint, $assoc);
+        $r->return_to_args[$this->openid1_nonce_query_arg_name] =
+            Auth_OpenID_mkNonce();
+
+        if ($r->message->isOpenID1()) {
+            $r->return_to_args[$this->openid1_return_to_identifier_name] =
+                $r->endpoint->claimed_id;
+        }
+
+        return $r;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given an {@link Auth_OpenID_Message}, {@link
+     * Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint} and optional return_to URL,
+     * complete OpenID authentication.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function complete($message, $endpoint, $return_to)
+    {
+        $mode = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'mode',
+                                 '<no mode set>');
+
+        $mode_methods = array(
+                              'cancel' => '_complete_cancel',
+                              'error' => '_complete_error',
+                              'setup_needed' => '_complete_setup_needed',
+                              'id_res' => '_complete_id_res',
+                              );
+
+        $method = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($mode_methods, $mode,
+                                        '_completeInvalid');
+
+        return call_user_func_array(array($this, $method),
+                                    array($message, $endpoint, $return_to));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _completeInvalid($message, $endpoint, $unused)
+    {
+        $mode = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'mode',
+                                 '<No mode set>');
+
+        return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+                    sprintf("Invalid openid.mode '%s'", $mode));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _complete_cancel($message, $endpoint, $unused)
+    {
+        return new Auth_OpenID_CancelResponse($endpoint);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _complete_error($message, $endpoint, $unused)
+    {
+        $error = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'error');
+        $contact = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'contact');
+        $reference = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'reference');
+
+        return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint, $error,
+                                               $contact, $reference);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _complete_setup_needed($message, $endpoint, $unused)
+    {
+        if (!$message->isOpenID2()) {
+            return $this->_completeInvalid($message, $endpoint);
+        }
+
+        $user_setup_url = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS,
+                                           'user_setup_url');
+        return new Auth_OpenID_SetupNeededResponse($endpoint, $user_setup_url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _complete_id_res($message, $endpoint, $return_to)
+    {
+        $user_setup_url = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS,
+                                           'user_setup_url');
+
+        if ($this->_checkSetupNeeded($message)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_SetupNeededResponse(
+                $endpoint, $user_setup_url);
+        } else {
+            return $this->_doIdRes($message, $endpoint, $return_to);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _checkSetupNeeded($message)
+    {
+        // In OpenID 1, we check to see if this is a cancel from
+        // immediate mode by the presence of the user_setup_url
+        // parameter.
+        if ($message->isOpenID1()) {
+            $user_setup_url = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS,
+                                               'user_setup_url');
+            if ($user_setup_url !== null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _doIdRes($message, $endpoint, $return_to)
+    {
+        // Checks for presence of appropriate fields (and checks
+        // signed list fields)
+        $result = $this->_idResCheckForFields($message);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($result)) {
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_checkReturnTo($message, $return_to)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+            sprintf("return_to does not match return URL. Expected %s, got %s",
+                    $return_to,
+                    $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'return_to')));
+        }
+
+        // Verify discovery information:
+        $result = $this->_verifyDiscoveryResults($message, $endpoint);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($result)) {
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        $endpoint = $result;
+
+        $result = $this->_idResCheckSignature($message,
+                                              $endpoint->server_url);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($result)) {
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        $result = $this->_idResCheckNonce($message, $endpoint);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($result)) {
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        $signed_list_str = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'signed',
+                                            Auth_OpenID_NO_DEFAULT);
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($signed_list_str)) {
+            return $signed_list_str;
+        }
+        $signed_list = explode(',', $signed_list_str);
+
+        $signed_fields = Auth_OpenID::addPrefix($signed_list, "openid.");
+
+        return new Auth_OpenID_SuccessResponse($endpoint, $message,
+                                               $signed_fields);
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _checkReturnTo($message, $return_to)
+    {
+        // Check an OpenID message and its openid.return_to value
+        // against a return_to URL from an application.  Return True
+        // on success, False on failure.
+
+        // Check the openid.return_to args against args in the
+        // original message.
+        $result = Auth_OpenID_GenericConsumer::_verifyReturnToArgs(
+                                           $message->toPostArgs());
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($result)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check the return_to base URL against the one in the
+        // message.
+        $msg_return_to = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                          'return_to');
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($return_to)) {
+            // XXX log me
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $return_to_parts = parse_url(Auth_OpenID_urinorm($return_to));
+        $msg_return_to_parts = parse_url(Auth_OpenID_urinorm($msg_return_to));
+
+        // If port is absent from both, add it so it's equal in the
+        // check below.
+        if ((!array_key_exists('port', $return_to_parts)) &&
+            (!array_key_exists('port', $msg_return_to_parts))) {
+            $return_to_parts['port'] = null;
+            $msg_return_to_parts['port'] = null;
+        }
+
+        // If path is absent from both, add it so it's equal in the
+        // check below.
+        if ((!array_key_exists('path', $return_to_parts)) &&
+            (!array_key_exists('path', $msg_return_to_parts))) {
+            $return_to_parts['path'] = null;
+            $msg_return_to_parts['path'] = null;
+        }
+
+        // The URL scheme, authority, and path MUST be the same
+        // between the two URLs.
+        foreach (array('scheme', 'host', 'port', 'path') as $component) {
+            // If the url component is absent in either URL, fail.
+            // There should always be a scheme, host, port, and path.
+            if (!array_key_exists($component, $return_to_parts)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!array_key_exists($component, $msg_return_to_parts)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($return_to_parts, $component) !==
+                Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($msg_return_to_parts, $component)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _verifyReturnToArgs($query)
+    {
+        // Verify that the arguments in the return_to URL are present in this
+        // response.
+
+        $message = Auth_OpenID_Message::fromPostArgs($query);
+        $return_to = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'return_to');
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($return_to)) {
+            return $return_to;
+        }
+        // XXX: this should be checked by _idResCheckForFields
+        if (!$return_to) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+                           "Response has no return_to");
+        }
+
+        $parsed_url = parse_url($return_to);
+
+        $q = array();
+        if (array_key_exists('query', $parsed_url)) {
+            $rt_query = $parsed_url['query'];
+            $q = Auth_OpenID::parse_str($rt_query);
+        }
+
+        foreach ($q as $rt_key => $rt_value) {
+            if (!array_key_exists($rt_key, $query)) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+                  sprintf("return_to parameter %s absent from query", $rt_key));
+            } else {
+                $value = $query[$rt_key];
+                if ($rt_value != $value) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+                      sprintf("parameter %s value %s does not match " .
+                              "return_to value %s", $rt_key,
+                              $value, $rt_value));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Make sure all non-OpenID arguments in the response are also
+        // in the signed return_to.
+        $bare_args = $message->getArgs(Auth_OpenID_BARE_NS);
+        foreach ($bare_args as $key => $value) {
+            if (Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($q, $key) != $value) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+                  sprintf("Parameter %s = %s not in return_to URL",
+                          $key, $value));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _idResCheckSignature($message, $server_url)
+    {
+        $assoc_handle = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                         'assoc_handle');
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($assoc_handle)) {
+            return $assoc_handle;
+        }
+
+        $assoc = $this->store->getAssociation($server_url, $assoc_handle);
+
+        if ($assoc) {
+            if ($assoc->getExpiresIn() <= 0) {
+                // XXX: It might be a good idea sometimes to re-start
+                // the authentication with a new association. Doing it
+                // automatically opens the possibility for
+                // denial-of-service by a server that just returns
+                // expired associations (or really short-lived
+                // associations)
+                return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+                             'Association with ' . $server_url . ' expired');
+            }
+
+            if (!$assoc->checkMessageSignature($message)) {
+                // If we get a "bad signature" here, it means that the association
+                // is unrecoverabley corrupted in some way. Any futher attempts
+                // to login with this association is likely to fail. Drop it.
+                $this->store->removeAssociation($server_url, $assoc_handle);
+                return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+                                                       "Bad signature");
+            }
+        } else {
+            // It's not an association we know about.  Stateless mode
+            // is our only possible path for recovery.  XXX - async
+            // framework will not want to block on this call to
+            // _checkAuth.
+            if (!$this->_checkAuth($message, $server_url)) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+                             "Server denied check_authentication");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _verifyDiscoveryResults($message, $endpoint=null)
+    {
+        if ($message->getOpenIDNamespace() == Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS) {
+            return $this->_verifyDiscoveryResultsOpenID2($message,
+                                                         $endpoint);
+        } else {
+            return $this->_verifyDiscoveryResultsOpenID1($message,
+                                                         $endpoint);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _verifyDiscoveryResultsOpenID1($message, $endpoint)
+    {
+        $claimed_id = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_BARE_NS,
+                                $this->openid1_return_to_identifier_name);
+
+        if (($endpoint === null) && ($claimed_id === null)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+              'When using OpenID 1, the claimed ID must be supplied, ' .
+              'either by passing it through as a return_to parameter ' .
+              'or by using a session, and supplied to the GenericConsumer ' .
+              'as the argument to complete()');
+        } else if (($endpoint !== null) && ($claimed_id === null)) {
+            $claimed_id = $endpoint->claimed_id;
+        }
+
+        $to_match = new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint();
+        $to_match->type_uris = array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_1);
+        $to_match->local_id = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS,
+                                               'identity');
+
+        // Restore delegate information from the initiation phase
+        $to_match->claimed_id = $claimed_id;
+
+        if ($to_match->local_id === null) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+                         "Missing required field openid.identity");
+        }
+
+        $to_match_1_0 = $to_match->copy();
+        $to_match_1_0->type_uris = array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_0);
+
+        if ($endpoint !== null) {
+            $result = $this->_verifyDiscoverySingle($endpoint, $to_match);
+
+            if (is_a($result, 'Auth_OpenID_TypeURIMismatch')) {
+                $result = $this->_verifyDiscoverySingle($endpoint,
+                                                        $to_match_1_0);
+            }
+
+            if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($result)) {
+                // oidutil.log("Error attempting to use stored
+                //             discovery information: " + str(e))
+                //             oidutil.log("Attempting discovery to
+                //             verify endpoint")
+            } else {
+                return $endpoint;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Endpoint is either bad (failed verification) or None
+        return $this->_discoverAndVerify($to_match->claimed_id,
+                                         array($to_match, $to_match_1_0));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _verifyDiscoverySingle($endpoint, $to_match)
+    {
+        // Every type URI that's in the to_match endpoint has to be
+        // present in the discovered endpoint.
+        foreach ($to_match->type_uris as $type_uri) {
+            if (!$endpoint->usesExtension($type_uri)) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_TypeURIMismatch($endpoint,
+                             "Required type ".$type_uri." not present");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Fragments do not influence discovery, so we can't compare a
+        // claimed identifier with a fragment to discovered
+        // information.
+        list($defragged_claimed_id, $_) =
+            Auth_OpenID::urldefrag($to_match->claimed_id);
+
+        if ($defragged_claimed_id != $endpoint->claimed_id) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+              sprintf('Claimed ID does not match (different subjects!), ' .
+                      'Expected %s, got %s', $defragged_claimed_id,
+                      $endpoint->claimed_id));
+        }
+
+        if ($to_match->getLocalID() != $endpoint->getLocalID()) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+              sprintf('local_id mismatch. Expected %s, got %s',
+                      $to_match->getLocalID(), $endpoint->getLocalID()));
+        }
+
+        // If the server URL is None, this must be an OpenID 1
+        // response, because op_endpoint is a required parameter in
+        // OpenID 2. In that case, we don't actually care what the
+        // discovered server_url is, because signature checking or
+        // check_auth should take care of that check for us.
+        if ($to_match->server_url === null) {
+            if ($to_match->preferredNamespace() != Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+                             "Preferred namespace mismatch (bug)");
+            }
+        } else if ($to_match->server_url != $endpoint->server_url) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+              sprintf('OP Endpoint mismatch. Expected %s, got %s',
+                      $to_match->server_url, $endpoint->server_url));
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _verifyDiscoveryResultsOpenID2($message, $endpoint)
+    {
+        $to_match = new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint();
+        $to_match->type_uris = array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0);
+        $to_match->claimed_id = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS,
+                                                 'claimed_id');
+
+        $to_match->local_id = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS,
+                                                'identity');
+
+        $to_match->server_url = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS,
+                                                 'op_endpoint');
+
+        if ($to_match->server_url === null) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+                         "OP Endpoint URL missing");
+        }
+
+        // claimed_id and identifier must both be present or both be
+        // absent
+        if (($to_match->claimed_id === null) &&
+            ($to_match->local_id !== null)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+              'openid.identity is present without openid.claimed_id');
+        }
+
+        if (($to_match->claimed_id !== null) &&
+            ($to_match->local_id === null)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+              'openid.claimed_id is present without openid.identity');
+        }
+
+        if ($to_match->claimed_id === null) {
+            // This is a response without identifiers, so there's
+            // really no checking that we can do, so return an
+            // endpoint that's for the specified `openid.op_endpoint'
+            return Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint::fromOPEndpointURL(
+                                                $to_match->server_url);
+        }
+
+        if (!$endpoint) {
+            // The claimed ID doesn't match, so we have to do
+            // discovery again. This covers not using sessions, OP
+            // identifier endpoints and responses that didn't match
+            // the original request.
+            // oidutil.log('No pre-discovered information supplied.')
+            return $this->_discoverAndVerify($to_match->claimed_id,
+                                             array($to_match));
+        } else {
+
+            // The claimed ID matches, so we use the endpoint that we
+            // discovered in initiation. This should be the most
+            // common case.
+            $result = $this->_verifyDiscoverySingle($endpoint, $to_match);
+
+            if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($result)) {
+                $endpoint = $this->_discoverAndVerify($to_match->claimed_id,
+                                                      array($to_match));
+                if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($endpoint)) {
+                    return $endpoint;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // The endpoint we return should have the claimed ID from the
+        // message we just verified, fragment and all.
+        if ($endpoint->claimed_id != $to_match->claimed_id) {
+            $endpoint->claimed_id = $to_match->claimed_id;
+        }
+
+        return $endpoint;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _discoverAndVerify($claimed_id, $to_match_endpoints)
+    {
+        // oidutil.log('Performing discovery on %s' % (claimed_id,))
+        list($unused, $services) = call_user_func($this->discoverMethod,
+                                                  $claimed_id,
+                                                  $this->fetcher);
+
+        if (!$services) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+              sprintf("No OpenID information found at %s",
+                      $claimed_id));
+        }
+
+        return $this->_verifyDiscoveryServices($claimed_id, $services,
+                                               $to_match_endpoints);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _verifyDiscoveryServices($claimed_id, 
+                                      $services, $to_match_endpoints)
+    {
+        // Search the services resulting from discovery to find one
+        // that matches the information from the assertion
+
+        foreach ($services as $endpoint) {
+            foreach ($to_match_endpoints as $to_match_endpoint) {
+                $result = $this->_verifyDiscoverySingle($endpoint, 
+                                                        $to_match_endpoint);
+
+                if (!Auth_OpenID::isFailure($result)) {
+                    // It matches, so discover verification has
+                    // succeeded. Return this endpoint.
+                    return $endpoint;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+          sprintf('No matching endpoint found after discovering %s: %s',
+                  $claimed_id, $result->message));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extract the nonce from an OpenID 1 response.  Return the nonce
+     * from the BARE_NS since we independently check the return_to
+     * arguments are the same as those in the response message.
+     *
+     * See the openid1_nonce_query_arg_name class variable
+     *
+     * @returns $nonce The nonce as a string or null
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _idResGetNonceOpenID1($message, $endpoint)
+    {
+        return $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_BARE_NS,
+                                $this->openid1_nonce_query_arg_name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _idResCheckNonce($message, $endpoint)
+    {
+        if ($message->isOpenID1()) {
+            // This indicates that the nonce was generated by the consumer
+            $nonce = $this->_idResGetNonceOpenID1($message, $endpoint);
+            $server_url = '';
+        } else {
+            $nonce = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS,
+                                      'response_nonce');
+
+            $server_url = $endpoint->server_url;
+        }
+
+        if ($nonce === null) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+                                     "Nonce missing from response");
+        }
+
+        $parts = Auth_OpenID_splitNonce($nonce);
+
+        if ($parts === null) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+                                     "Malformed nonce in response");
+        }
+
+        list($timestamp, $salt) = $parts;
+
+        if (!$this->store->useNonce($server_url, $timestamp, $salt)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint,
+                         "Nonce already used or out of range");
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _idResCheckForFields($message)
+    {
+        $basic_fields = array('return_to', 'assoc_handle', 'sig', 'signed');
+        $basic_sig_fields = array('return_to', 'identity');
+
+        $require_fields = array(
+            Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS => array_merge($basic_fields,
+                                                  array('op_endpoint')),
+
+            Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS => array_merge($basic_fields,
+                                                  array('identity'))
+            );
+
+        $require_sigs = array(
+            Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS => array_merge($basic_sig_fields,
+                                                  array('response_nonce',
+                                                        'claimed_id',
+                                                        'assoc_handle',
+                                                        'op_endpoint')),
+            Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS => array_merge($basic_sig_fields,
+                                                  array('nonce'))
+            );
+
+        foreach ($require_fields[$message->getOpenIDNamespace()] as $field) {
+            if (!$message->hasKey(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, $field)) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+                             "Missing required field '".$field."'");
+            }
+        }
+
+        $signed_list_str = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                            'signed',
+                                            Auth_OpenID_NO_DEFAULT);
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($signed_list_str)) {
+            return $signed_list_str;
+        }
+        $signed_list = explode(',', $signed_list_str);
+
+        foreach ($require_sigs[$message->getOpenIDNamespace()] as $field) {
+            // Field is present and not in signed list
+            if ($message->hasKey(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, $field) &&
+                (!in_array($field, $signed_list))) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+                             "'".$field."' not signed");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _checkAuth($message, $server_url)
+    {
+        $request = $this->_createCheckAuthRequest($message);
+        if ($request === null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $resp_message = $this->_makeKVPost($request, $server_url);
+        if (($resp_message === null) ||
+            (is_a($resp_message, 'Auth_OpenID_ServerErrorContainer'))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_processCheckAuthResponse($resp_message, $server_url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _createCheckAuthRequest($message)
+    {
+        $signed = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'signed');
+        if ($signed) {
+            foreach (explode(',', $signed) as $k) {
+                $value = $message->getAliasedArg($k);
+                if ($value === null) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        $ca_message = $message->copy();
+        $ca_message->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'mode', 
+                            'check_authentication');
+        return $ca_message;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _processCheckAuthResponse($response, $server_url)
+    {
+        $is_valid = $response->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'is_valid',
+                                      'false');
+
+        $invalidate_handle = $response->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                               'invalidate_handle');
+
+        if ($invalidate_handle !== null) {
+            $this->store->removeAssociation($server_url,
+                                            $invalidate_handle);
+        }
+
+        if ($is_valid == 'true') {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adapt a POST response to a Message.
+     *
+     * @param $response Result of a POST to an OpenID endpoint.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function _httpResponseToMessage($response, $server_url)
+    {
+        // Should this function be named Message.fromHTTPResponse instead?
+        $response_message = Auth_OpenID_Message::fromKVForm($response->body);
+
+        if ($response->status == 400) {
+            return Auth_OpenID_ServerErrorContainer::fromMessage(
+                        $response_message);
+        } else if ($response->status != 200 and $response->status != 206) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return $response_message;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _makeKVPost($message, $server_url)
+    {
+        $body = $message->toURLEncoded();
+        $resp = $this->fetcher->post($server_url, $body);
+
+        if ($resp === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_httpResponseToMessage($resp, $server_url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _getAssociation($endpoint)
+    {
+        if (!$this->_use_assocs) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $assoc = $this->store->getAssociation($endpoint->server_url);
+
+        if (($assoc === null) ||
+            ($assoc->getExpiresIn() <= 0)) {
+
+            $assoc = $this->_negotiateAssociation($endpoint);
+
+            if ($assoc !== null) {
+                $this->store->storeAssociation($endpoint->server_url,
+                                               $assoc);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $assoc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handle ServerErrors resulting from association requests.
+     *
+     * @return $result If server replied with an C{unsupported-type}
+     * error, return a tuple of supported C{association_type},
+     * C{session_type}.  Otherwise logs the error and returns null.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _extractSupportedAssociationType($server_error, $endpoint,
+                                              $assoc_type)
+    {
+        // Any error message whose code is not 'unsupported-type'
+        // should be considered a total failure.
+        if (($server_error->error_code != 'unsupported-type') ||
+            ($server_error->message->isOpenID1())) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // The server didn't like the association/session type that we
+        // sent, and it sent us back a message that might tell us how
+        // to handle it.
+
+        // Extract the session_type and assoc_type from the error
+        // message
+        $assoc_type = $server_error->message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                                     'assoc_type');
+
+        $session_type = $server_error->message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                                       'session_type');
+
+        if (($assoc_type === null) || ($session_type === null)) {
+            return null;
+        } else if (!$this->negotiator->isAllowed($assoc_type,
+                                                 $session_type)) {
+            return null;
+        } else {
+          return array($assoc_type, $session_type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _negotiateAssociation($endpoint)
+    {
+        // Get our preferred session/association type from the negotiatior.
+        list($assoc_type, $session_type) = $this->negotiator->getAllowedType();
+
+        $assoc = $this->_requestAssociation(
+                           $endpoint, $assoc_type, $session_type);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($assoc)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (is_a($assoc, 'Auth_OpenID_ServerErrorContainer')) {
+            $why = $assoc;
+
+            $supportedTypes = $this->_extractSupportedAssociationType(
+                                     $why, $endpoint, $assoc_type);
+
+            if ($supportedTypes !== null) {
+                list($assoc_type, $session_type) = $supportedTypes;
+
+                // Attempt to create an association from the assoc_type
+                // and session_type that the server told us it
+                // supported.
+                $assoc = $this->_requestAssociation(
+                                   $endpoint, $assoc_type, $session_type);
+
+                if (is_a($assoc, 'Auth_OpenID_ServerErrorContainer')) {
+                    // Do not keep trying, since it rejected the
+                    // association type that it told us to use.
+                    // oidutil.log('Server %s refused its suggested association
+                    //             'type: session_type=%s, assoc_type=%s'
+                    //             % (endpoint.server_url, session_type,
+                    //                assoc_type))
+                    return null;
+                } else {
+                    return $assoc;
+                }
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return $assoc;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _requestAssociation($endpoint, $assoc_type, $session_type)
+    {
+        list($assoc_session, $args) = $this->_createAssociateRequest(
+                                      $endpoint, $assoc_type, $session_type);
+
+        $response_message = $this->_makeKVPost($args, $endpoint->server_url);
+
+        if ($response_message === null) {
+            // oidutil.log('openid.associate request failed: %s' % (why[0],))
+            return null;
+        } else if (is_a($response_message,
+                        'Auth_OpenID_ServerErrorContainer')) {
+            return $response_message;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_extractAssociation($response_message, $assoc_session);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _extractAssociation($assoc_response, $assoc_session)
+    {
+        // Extract the common fields from the response, raising an
+        // exception if they are not found
+        $assoc_type = $assoc_response->getArg(
+                         Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'assoc_type',
+                         Auth_OpenID_NO_DEFAULT);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($assoc_type)) {
+            return $assoc_type;
+        }
+
+        $assoc_handle = $assoc_response->getArg(
+                           Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'assoc_handle',
+                           Auth_OpenID_NO_DEFAULT);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($assoc_handle)) {
+            return $assoc_handle;
+        }
+
+        // expires_in is a base-10 string. The Python parsing will
+        // accept literals that have whitespace around them and will
+        // accept negative values. Neither of these are really in-spec,
+        // but we think it's OK to accept them.
+        $expires_in_str = $assoc_response->getArg(
+                             Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'expires_in',
+                             Auth_OpenID_NO_DEFAULT);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($expires_in_str)) {
+            return $expires_in_str;
+        }
+
+        $expires_in = Auth_OpenID::intval($expires_in_str);
+        if ($expires_in === false) {
+            
+            $err = sprintf("Could not parse expires_in from association ".
+                           "response %s", print_r($assoc_response, true));
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null, $err);
+        }
+
+        // OpenID 1 has funny association session behaviour.
+        if ($assoc_response->isOpenID1()) {
+            $session_type = $this->_getOpenID1SessionType($assoc_response);
+        } else {
+            $session_type = $assoc_response->getArg(
+                               Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS, 'session_type',
+                               Auth_OpenID_NO_DEFAULT);
+
+            if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($session_type)) {
+                return $session_type;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Session type mismatch
+        if ($assoc_session->session_type != $session_type) {
+            if ($assoc_response->isOpenID1() &&
+                ($session_type == 'no-encryption')) {
+                // In OpenID 1, any association request can result in
+                // a 'no-encryption' association response. Setting
+                // assoc_session to a new no-encryption session should
+                // make the rest of this function work properly for
+                // that case.
+                $assoc_session = new Auth_OpenID_PlainTextConsumerSession();
+            } else {
+                // Any other mismatch, regardless of protocol version
+                // results in the failure of the association session
+                // altogether.
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Make sure assoc_type is valid for session_type
+        if (!in_array($assoc_type, $assoc_session->allowed_assoc_types)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Delegate to the association session to extract the secret
+        // from the response, however is appropriate for that session
+        // type.
+        $secret = $assoc_session->extractSecret($assoc_response);
+
+        if ($secret === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return Auth_OpenID_Association::fromExpiresIn(
+                 $expires_in, $assoc_handle, $secret, $assoc_type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _createAssociateRequest($endpoint, $assoc_type, $session_type)
+    {
+        if (array_key_exists($session_type, $this->session_types)) {
+            $session_type_class = $this->session_types[$session_type];
+
+            if (is_callable($session_type_class)) {
+                $assoc_session = $session_type_class();
+            } else {
+                $assoc_session = new $session_type_class();
+            }
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $args = array(
+            'mode' => 'associate',
+            'assoc_type' => $assoc_type);
+
+        if (!$endpoint->compatibilityMode()) {
+            $args['ns'] = Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS;
+        }
+
+        // Leave out the session type if we're in compatibility mode
+        // *and* it's no-encryption.
+        if ((!$endpoint->compatibilityMode()) ||
+            ($assoc_session->session_type != 'no-encryption')) {
+            $args['session_type'] = $assoc_session->session_type;
+        }
+
+        $args = array_merge($args, $assoc_session->getRequest());
+        $message = Auth_OpenID_Message::fromOpenIDArgs($args);
+        return array($assoc_session, $message);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given an association response message, extract the OpenID 1.X
+     * session type.
+     *
+     * This function mostly takes care of the 'no-encryption' default
+     * behavior in OpenID 1.
+     *
+     * If the association type is plain-text, this function will
+     * return 'no-encryption'
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @return $typ The association type for this message
+     */
+    function _getOpenID1SessionType($assoc_response)
+    {
+        // If it's an OpenID 1 message, allow session_type to default
+        // to None (which signifies "no-encryption")
+        $session_type = $assoc_response->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS,
+                                                'session_type');
+
+        // Handle the differences between no-encryption association
+        // respones in OpenID 1 and 2:
+
+        // no-encryption is not really a valid session type for OpenID
+        // 1, but we'll accept it anyway, while issuing a warning.
+        if ($session_type == 'no-encryption') {
+            // oidutil.log('WARNING: OpenID server sent "no-encryption"'
+            //             'for OpenID 1.X')
+        } else if (($session_type == '') || ($session_type === null)) {
+            // Missing or empty session type is the way to flag a
+            // 'no-encryption' response. Change the session type to
+            // 'no-encryption' so that it can be handled in the same
+            // way as OpenID 2 'no-encryption' respones.
+            $session_type = 'no-encryption';
+        }
+
+        return $session_type;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This class represents an authentication request from a consumer to
+ * an OpenID server.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AuthRequest {
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize an authentication request with the specified token,
+     * association, and endpoint.
+     *
+     * Users of this library should not create instances of this
+     * class.  Instances of this class are created by the library when
+     * needed.
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_AuthRequest($endpoint, $assoc)
+    {
+        $this->assoc = $assoc;
+        $this->endpoint = $endpoint;
+        $this->return_to_args = array();
+        $this->message = new Auth_OpenID_Message(
+            $endpoint->preferredNamespace());
+        $this->_anonymous = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add an extension to this checkid request.
+     *
+     * $extension_request: An object that implements the extension
+     * request interface for adding arguments to an OpenID message.
+     */
+    function addExtension($extension_request)
+    {
+        $extension_request->toMessage($this->message);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add an extension argument to this OpenID authentication
+     * request.
+     *
+     * Use caution when adding arguments, because they will be
+     * URL-escaped and appended to the redirect URL, which can easily
+     * get quite long.
+     *
+     * @param string $namespace The namespace for the extension. For
+     * example, the simple registration extension uses the namespace
+     * 'sreg'.
+     *
+     * @param string $key The key within the extension namespace. For
+     * example, the nickname field in the simple registration
+     * extension's key is 'nickname'.
+     *
+     * @param string $value The value to provide to the server for
+     * this argument.
+     */
+    function addExtensionArg($namespace, $key, $value)
+    {
+        return $this->message->setArg($namespace, $key, $value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set whether this request should be made anonymously. If a
+     * request is anonymous, the identifier will not be sent in the
+     * request. This is only useful if you are making another kind of
+     * request with an extension in this request.
+     *
+     * Anonymous requests are not allowed when the request is made
+     * with OpenID 1.
+     */
+    function setAnonymous($is_anonymous)
+    {
+        if ($is_anonymous && $this->message->isOpenID1()) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            $this->_anonymous = $is_anonymous;
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Produce a {@link Auth_OpenID_Message} representing this
+     * request.
+     *
+     * @param string $realm The URL (or URL pattern) that identifies
+     * your web site to the user when she is authorizing it.
+     *
+     * @param string $return_to The URL that the OpenID provider will
+     * send the user back to after attempting to verify her identity.
+     *
+     * Not specifying a return_to URL means that the user will not be
+     * returned to the site issuing the request upon its completion.
+     *
+     * @param bool $immediate If true, the OpenID provider is to send
+     * back a response immediately, useful for behind-the-scenes
+     * authentication attempts.  Otherwise the OpenID provider may
+     * engage the user before providing a response.  This is the
+     * default case, as the user may need to provide credentials or
+     * approve the request before a positive response can be sent.
+     */
+    function getMessage($realm, $return_to=null, $immediate=false)
+    {
+        if ($return_to) {
+            $return_to = Auth_OpenID::appendArgs($return_to,
+                                                 $this->return_to_args);
+        } else if ($immediate) {
+            // raise ValueError(
+            //     '"return_to" is mandatory when
+            //using "checkid_immediate"')
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+              "'return_to' is mandatory when using checkid_immediate");
+        } else if ($this->message->isOpenID1()) {
+            // raise ValueError('"return_to" is
+            // mandatory for OpenID 1 requests')
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+              "'return_to' is mandatory for OpenID 1 requests");
+        } else if ($this->return_to_args) {
+            // raise ValueError('extra "return_to" arguments
+            // were specified, but no return_to was specified')
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+              "extra 'return_to' arguments where specified, " .
+              "but no return_to was specified");
+        }
+
+        if ($immediate) {
+            $mode = 'checkid_immediate';
+        } else {
+            $mode = 'checkid_setup';
+        }
+
+        $message = $this->message->copy();
+        if ($message->isOpenID1()) {
+            $realm_key = 'trust_root';
+        } else {
+            $realm_key = 'realm';
+        }
+
+        $message->updateArgs(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                             array(
+                                   $realm_key => $realm,
+                                   'mode' => $mode,
+                                   'return_to' => $return_to));
+
+        if (!$this->_anonymous) {
+            if ($this->endpoint->isOPIdentifier()) {
+                // This will never happen when we're in compatibility
+                // mode, as long as isOPIdentifier() returns False
+                // whenever preferredNamespace() returns OPENID1_NS.
+                $claimed_id = $request_identity =
+                    Auth_OpenID_IDENTIFIER_SELECT;
+            } else {
+                $request_identity = $this->endpoint->getLocalID();
+                $claimed_id = $this->endpoint->claimed_id;
+            }
+
+            // This is true for both OpenID 1 and 2
+            $message->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'identity',
+                             $request_identity);
+
+            if ($message->isOpenID2()) {
+                $message->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS, 'claimed_id',
+                                 $claimed_id);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($this->assoc) {
+            $message->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'assoc_handle',
+                             $this->assoc->handle);
+        }
+
+        return $message;
+    }
+
+    function redirectURL($realm, $return_to = null,
+                         $immediate = false)
+    {
+        $message = $this->getMessage($realm, $return_to, $immediate);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($message)) {
+            return $message;
+        }
+
+        return $message->toURL($this->endpoint->server_url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get html for a form to submit this request to the IDP.
+     *
+     * form_tag_attrs: An array of attributes to be added to the form
+     * tag. 'accept-charset' and 'enctype' have defaults that can be
+     * overridden. If a value is supplied for 'action' or 'method', it
+     * will be replaced.
+     */
+    function formMarkup($realm, $return_to=null, $immediate=false,
+                        $form_tag_attrs=null)
+    {
+        $message = $this->getMessage($realm, $return_to, $immediate);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($message)) {
+            return $message;
+        }
+
+        return $message->toFormMarkup($this->endpoint->server_url,
+                                      $form_tag_attrs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a complete html document that will autosubmit the request
+     * to the IDP.
+     *
+     * Wraps formMarkup.  See the documentation for that function.
+     */
+    function htmlMarkup($realm, $return_to=null, $immediate=false,
+                        $form_tag_attrs=null)
+    {
+        $form = $this->formMarkup($realm, $return_to, $immediate, 
+                                  $form_tag_attrs);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($form)) {
+            return $form;
+        }
+        return Auth_OpenID::autoSubmitHTML($form);
+    }
+
+    function shouldSendRedirect()
+    {
+        return $this->endpoint->compatibilityMode();
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The base class for responses from the Auth_OpenID_Consumer.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_ConsumerResponse {
+    var $status = null;
+
+    function setEndpoint($endpoint)
+    {
+        $this->endpoint = $endpoint;
+        if ($endpoint === null) {
+            $this->identity_url = null;
+        } else {
+            $this->identity_url = $endpoint->claimed_id;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the display identifier for this response.
+     *
+     * The display identifier is related to the Claimed Identifier, but the
+     * two are not always identical.  The display identifier is something the
+     * user should recognize as what they entered, whereas the response's
+     * claimed identifier (in the identity_url attribute) may have extra
+     * information for better persistence.
+     *
+     * URLs will be stripped of their fragments for display.  XRIs will
+     * display the human-readable identifier (i-name) instead of the
+     * persistent identifier (i-number).
+     *
+     * Use the display identifier in your user interface.  Use
+     * identity_url for querying your database or authorization server.
+     *
+     */
+    function getDisplayIdentifier()
+    {
+        if ($this->endpoint !== null) {
+            return $this->endpoint->getDisplayIdentifier();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A response with a status of Auth_OpenID_SUCCESS. Indicates that
+ * this request is a successful acknowledgement from the OpenID server
+ * that the supplied URL is, indeed controlled by the requesting
+ * agent.  This has three relevant attributes:
+ *
+ * claimed_id - The identity URL that has been authenticated
+ *
+ * signed_args - The arguments in the server's response that were
+ * signed and verified.
+ *
+ * status - Auth_OpenID_SUCCESS.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_SuccessResponse extends Auth_OpenID_ConsumerResponse {
+    var $status = Auth_OpenID_SUCCESS;
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_SuccessResponse($endpoint, $message, $signed_args=null)
+    {
+        $this->endpoint = $endpoint;
+        $this->identity_url = $endpoint->claimed_id;
+        $this->signed_args = $signed_args;
+        $this->message = $message;
+
+        if ($this->signed_args === null) {
+            $this->signed_args = array();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extract signed extension data from the server's response.
+     *
+     * @param string $prefix The extension namespace from which to
+     * extract the extension data.
+     */
+    function extensionResponse($namespace_uri, $require_signed)
+    {
+        if ($require_signed) {
+            return $this->getSignedNS($namespace_uri);
+        } else {
+            return $this->message->getArgs($namespace_uri);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function isOpenID1()
+    {
+        return $this->message->isOpenID1();
+    }
+
+    function isSigned($ns_uri, $ns_key)
+    {
+        // Return whether a particular key is signed, regardless of
+        // its namespace alias
+        return in_array($this->message->getKey($ns_uri, $ns_key),
+                        $this->signed_args);
+    }
+
+    function getSigned($ns_uri, $ns_key, $default = null)
+    {
+        // Return the specified signed field if available, otherwise
+        // return default
+        if ($this->isSigned($ns_uri, $ns_key)) {
+            return $this->message->getArg($ns_uri, $ns_key, $default);
+        } else {
+            return $default;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function getSignedNS($ns_uri)
+    {
+        $args = array();
+
+        $msg_args = $this->message->getArgs($ns_uri);
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($msg_args)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($msg_args as $key => $value) {
+            if (!$this->isSigned($ns_uri, $key)) {
+                unset($msg_args[$key]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $msg_args;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the openid.return_to argument from this response.
+     *
+     * This is useful for verifying that this request was initiated by
+     * this consumer.
+     *
+     * @return string $return_to The return_to URL supplied to the
+     * server on the initial request, or null if the response did not
+     * contain an 'openid.return_to' argument.
+    */
+    function getReturnTo()
+    {
+        return $this->getSigned(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'return_to');
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A response with a status of Auth_OpenID_FAILURE. Indicates that the
+ * OpenID protocol has failed. This could be locally or remotely
+ * triggered.  This has three relevant attributes:
+ *
+ * claimed_id - The identity URL for which authentication was
+ * attempted, if it can be determined.  Otherwise, null.
+ *
+ * message - A message indicating why the request failed, if one is
+ * supplied.  Otherwise, null.
+ *
+ * status - Auth_OpenID_FAILURE.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse extends Auth_OpenID_ConsumerResponse {
+    var $status = Auth_OpenID_FAILURE;
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse($endpoint, $message = null,
+                                         $contact = null, $reference = null)
+    {
+        $this->setEndpoint($endpoint);
+        $this->message = $message;
+        $this->contact = $contact;
+        $this->reference = $reference;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A specific, internal failure used to detect type URI mismatch.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_TypeURIMismatch extends Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse {
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exception that is raised when the server returns a 400 response
+ * code to a direct request.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_ServerErrorContainer {
+    function Auth_OpenID_ServerErrorContainer($error_text,
+                                              $error_code,
+                                              $message)
+    {
+        $this->error_text = $error_text;
+        $this->error_code = $error_code;
+        $this->message = $message;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function fromMessage($message)
+    {
+        $error_text = $message->getArg(
+           Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'error', '<no error message supplied>');
+        $error_code = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'error_code');
+        return new Auth_OpenID_ServerErrorContainer($error_text,
+                                                    $error_code,
+                                                    $message);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A response with a status of Auth_OpenID_CANCEL. Indicates that the
+ * user cancelled the OpenID authentication request.  This has two
+ * relevant attributes:
+ *
+ * claimed_id - The identity URL for which authentication was
+ * attempted, if it can be determined.  Otherwise, null.
+ *
+ * status - Auth_OpenID_SUCCESS.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_CancelResponse extends Auth_OpenID_ConsumerResponse {
+    var $status = Auth_OpenID_CANCEL;
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_CancelResponse($endpoint)
+    {
+        $this->setEndpoint($endpoint);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A response with a status of Auth_OpenID_SETUP_NEEDED. Indicates
+ * that the request was in immediate mode, and the server is unable to
+ * authenticate the user without further interaction.
+ *
+ * claimed_id - The identity URL for which authentication was
+ * attempted.
+ *
+ * setup_url - A URL that can be used to send the user to the server
+ * to set up for authentication. The user should be redirected in to
+ * the setup_url, either in the current window or in a new browser
+ * window.  Null in OpenID 2.
+ *
+ * status - Auth_OpenID_SETUP_NEEDED.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_SetupNeededResponse extends Auth_OpenID_ConsumerResponse {
+    var $status = Auth_OpenID_SETUP_NEEDED;
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_SetupNeededResponse($endpoint,
+                                             $setup_url = null)
+    {
+        $this->setEndpoint($endpoint);
+        $this->setup_url = $setup_url;
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/CryptUtil.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/CryptUtil.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c60cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/CryptUtil.php
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * CryptUtil: A suite of wrapper utility functions for the OpenID
+ * library.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+if (!defined('Auth_OpenID_RAND_SOURCE')) {
+    /**
+     * The filename for a source of random bytes. Define this yourself
+     * if you have a different source of randomness.
+     */
+    define('Auth_OpenID_RAND_SOURCE', '/dev/urandom');
+}
+
+class Auth_OpenID_CryptUtil {
+    /**
+     * Get the specified number of random bytes.
+     *
+     * Attempts to use a cryptographically secure (not predictable)
+     * source of randomness if available. If there is no high-entropy
+     * randomness source available, it will fail. As a last resort,
+     * for non-critical systems, define
+     * <code>Auth_OpenID_RAND_SOURCE</code> as <code>null</code>, and
+     * the code will fall back on a pseudo-random number generator.
+     *
+     * @param int $num_bytes The length of the return value
+     * @return string $bytes random bytes
+     */
+    static function getBytes($num_bytes)
+    {
+        static $f = null;
+        $bytes = '';
+        if ($f === null) {
+            if (Auth_OpenID_RAND_SOURCE === null) {
+                $f = false;
+            } else {
+                $f = @fopen(Auth_OpenID_RAND_SOURCE, "r");
+                if ($f === false) {
+                    $msg = 'Define Auth_OpenID_RAND_SOURCE as null to ' .
+                        ' continue with an insecure random number generator.';
+                    trigger_error($msg, E_USER_ERROR);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if ($f === false) {
+            // pseudorandom used
+            $bytes = '';
+            for ($i = 0; $i < $num_bytes; $i += 4) {
+                $bytes .= pack('L', mt_rand());
+            }
+            $bytes = substr($bytes, 0, $num_bytes);
+        } else {
+            $bytes = fread($f, $num_bytes);
+        }
+        return $bytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Produce a string of length random bytes, chosen from chrs.  If
+     * $chrs is null, the resulting string may contain any characters.
+     *
+     * @param integer $length The length of the resulting
+     * randomly-generated string
+     * @param string $chrs A string of characters from which to choose
+     * to build the new string
+     * @return string $result A string of randomly-chosen characters
+     * from $chrs
+     */
+    static function randomString($length, $population = null)
+    {
+        if ($population === null) {
+            return Auth_OpenID_CryptUtil::getBytes($length);
+        }
+
+        $popsize = strlen($population);
+
+        if ($popsize > 256) {
+            $msg = 'More than 256 characters supplied to ' . __FUNCTION__;
+            trigger_error($msg, E_USER_ERROR);
+        }
+
+        $duplicate = 256 % $popsize;
+
+        $str = "";
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
+            do {
+                $n = ord(Auth_OpenID_CryptUtil::getBytes(1));
+            } while ($n < $duplicate);
+
+            $n %= $popsize;
+            $str .= $population[$n];
+        }
+
+        return $str;
+    }
+
+    static function constEq($s1, $s2)
+    {
+        if (strlen($s1) != strlen($s2)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $result = true;
+        $length = strlen($s1);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
+            $result &= ($s1[$i] == $s2[$i]);
+        }
+        return $result;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DatabaseConnection.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DatabaseConnection.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c7d08f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DatabaseConnection.php
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * The Auth_OpenID_DatabaseConnection class, which is used to emulate
+ * a PEAR database connection.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An empty base class intended to emulate PEAR connection
+ * functionality in applications that supply their own database
+ * abstraction mechanisms.  See {@link Auth_OpenID_SQLStore} for more
+ * information.  You should subclass this class if you need to create
+ * an SQL store that needs to access its database using an
+ * application's database abstraction layer instead of a PEAR database
+ * connection.  Any subclass of Auth_OpenID_DatabaseConnection MUST
+ * adhere to the interface specified here.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_DatabaseConnection {
+    /**
+     * Sets auto-commit mode on this database connection.
+     *
+     * @param bool $mode True if auto-commit is to be used; false if
+     * not.
+     */
+    function autoCommit($mode)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run an SQL query with the specified parameters, if any.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql An SQL string with placeholders.  The
+     * placeholders are assumed to be specific to the database engine
+     * for this connection.
+     *
+     * @param array $params An array of parameters to insert into the
+     * SQL string using this connection's escaping mechanism.
+     *
+     * @return mixed $result The result of calling this connection's
+     * internal query function.  The type of result depends on the
+     * underlying database engine.  This method is usually used when
+     * the result of a query is not important, like a DDL query.
+     */
+    function query($sql, $params = array())
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts a transaction on this connection, if supported.
+     */
+    function begin()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Commits a transaction on this connection, if supported.
+     */
+    function commit()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs a rollback on this connection, if supported.
+     */
+    function rollback()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run an SQL query and return the first column of the first row
+     * of the result set, if any.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql An SQL string with placeholders.  The
+     * placeholders are assumed to be specific to the database engine
+     * for this connection.
+     *
+     * @param array $params An array of parameters to insert into the
+     * SQL string using this connection's escaping mechanism.
+     *
+     * @return mixed $result The value of the first column of the
+     * first row of the result set.  False if no such result was
+     * found.
+     */
+    function getOne($sql, $params = array())
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run an SQL query and return the first row of the result set, if
+     * any.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql An SQL string with placeholders.  The
+     * placeholders are assumed to be specific to the database engine
+     * for this connection.
+     *
+     * @param array $params An array of parameters to insert into the
+     * SQL string using this connection's escaping mechanism.
+     *
+     * @return array $result The first row of the result set, if any,
+     * keyed on column name.  False if no such result was found.
+     */
+    function getRow($sql, $params = array())
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run an SQL query with the specified parameters, if any.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql An SQL string with placeholders.  The
+     * placeholders are assumed to be specific to the database engine
+     * for this connection.
+     *
+     * @param array $params An array of parameters to insert into the
+     * SQL string using this connection's escaping mechanism.
+     *
+     * @return array $result An array of arrays representing the
+     * result of the query; each array is keyed on column name.
+     */
+    function getAll($sql, $params = array())
+    {
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DiffieHellman.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DiffieHellman.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e25b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DiffieHellman.php
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * The OpenID library's Diffie-Hellman implementation.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID.php';
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/BigMath.php';
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getDefaultMod()
+{
+    return '155172898181473697471232257763715539915724801'.
+        '966915404479707795314057629378541917580651227423'.
+        '698188993727816152646631438561595825688188889951'.
+        '272158842675419950341258706556549803580104870537'.
+        '681476726513255747040765857479291291572334510643'.
+        '245094715007229621094194349783925984760375594985'.
+        '848253359305585439638443';
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getDefaultGen()
+{
+    return '2';
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Diffie-Hellman key exchange class.  This class relies on
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_MathLibrary} to perform large number operations.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellman {
+
+    var $mod;
+    var $gen;
+    var $private;
+    var $lib = null;
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellman($mod = null, $gen = null,
+                                       $private = null, $lib = null)
+    {
+        if ($lib === null) {
+            $this->lib = Auth_OpenID_getMathLib();
+        } else {
+            $this->lib = $lib;
+        }
+
+        if ($mod === null) {
+            $this->mod = $this->lib->init(Auth_OpenID_getDefaultMod());
+        } else {
+            $this->mod = $mod;
+        }
+
+        if ($gen === null) {
+            $this->gen = $this->lib->init(Auth_OpenID_getDefaultGen());
+        } else {
+            $this->gen = $gen;
+        }
+
+        if ($private === null) {
+            $r = $this->lib->rand($this->mod);
+            $this->private = $this->lib->add($r, 1);
+        } else {
+            $this->private = $private;
+        }
+
+        $this->public = $this->lib->powmod($this->gen, $this->private,
+                                           $this->mod);
+    }
+
+    function getSharedSecret($composite)
+    {
+        return $this->lib->powmod($composite, $this->private, $this->mod);
+    }
+
+    function getPublicKey()
+    {
+        return $this->public;
+    }
+
+    function usingDefaultValues()
+    {
+        return ($this->mod == Auth_OpenID_getDefaultMod() &&
+                $this->gen == Auth_OpenID_getDefaultGen());
+    }
+
+    function xorSecret($composite, $secret, $hash_func)
+    {
+        $dh_shared = $this->getSharedSecret($composite);
+        $dh_shared_str = $this->lib->longToBinary($dh_shared);
+        $hash_dh_shared = $hash_func($dh_shared_str);
+
+        $xsecret = "";
+        for ($i = 0; $i < Auth_OpenID::bytes($secret); $i++) {
+            $xsecret .= chr(ord($secret[$i]) ^ ord($hash_dh_shared[$i]));
+        }
+
+        return $xsecret;
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Discover.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Discover.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b0c640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Discover.php
@@ -0,0 +1,606 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * The OpenID and Yadis discovery implementation for OpenID 1.2.
+ */
+
+require_once "Auth/OpenID.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Parse.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Message.php";
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/XRIRes.php";
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/Yadis.php";
+
+// XML namespace value
+define('Auth_OpenID_XMLNS_1_0', 'http://openid.net/xmlns/1.0');
+
+// Yadis service types
+define('Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_2', 'http://openid.net/signon/1.2');
+define('Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_1', 'http://openid.net/signon/1.1');
+define('Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_0', 'http://openid.net/signon/1.0');
+define('Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0_IDP', 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/server');
+define('Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0', 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/signon');
+define('Auth_OpenID_RP_RETURN_TO_URL_TYPE',
+       'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/return_to');
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getOpenIDTypeURIs()
+{
+    return array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0_IDP,
+                 Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0,
+                 Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_2,
+                 Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_1,
+                 Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_0);
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getOpenIDConsumerTypeURIs()
+{
+    return array(Auth_OpenID_RP_RETURN_TO_URL_TYPE);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Provides a user-readable interpretation of a type uri.
+ * Useful for error messages.
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_getOpenIDTypeName($type_uri) {
+    switch ($type_uri) {
+    case Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0_IDP:
+      return 'OpenID 2.0 IDP';
+    case Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0:
+      return 'OpenID 2.0';
+    case Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_2:
+      return 'OpenID 1.2';
+    case Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_1:
+      return 'OpenID 1.1';
+    case Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_0:
+      return 'OpenID 1.0';
+    case Auth_OpenID_RP_RETURN_TO_URL_TYPE:
+      return 'OpenID relying party';
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Object representing an OpenID service endpoint.
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint {
+    function Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint()
+    {
+        $this->claimed_id = null;
+        $this->server_url = null;
+        $this->type_uris = array();
+        $this->local_id = null;
+        $this->canonicalID = null;
+        $this->used_yadis = false; // whether this came from an XRDS
+        $this->display_identifier = null;
+    }
+
+    function getDisplayIdentifier()
+    {
+        if ($this->display_identifier) {
+            return $this->display_identifier;
+        }
+        if (! $this->claimed_id) {
+          return $this->claimed_id;
+        }
+        $parsed = parse_url($this->claimed_id);
+        $scheme = $parsed['scheme'];
+        $host = $parsed['host'];
+        $path = $parsed['path'];
+        if (array_key_exists('query', $parsed)) {
+            $query = $parsed['query'];
+            $no_frag = "$scheme://$host$path?$query";
+        } else {
+            $no_frag = "$scheme://$host$path";
+        }
+        return $no_frag;
+    }
+
+    function usesExtension($extension_uri)
+    {
+        return in_array($extension_uri, $this->type_uris);
+    }
+
+    function preferredNamespace()
+    {
+        if (in_array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0_IDP, $this->type_uris) ||
+            in_array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0, $this->type_uris)) {
+            return Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS;
+        } else {
+            return Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Query this endpoint to see if it has any of the given type
+     * URIs. This is useful for implementing other endpoint classes
+     * that e.g. need to check for the presence of multiple versions
+     * of a single protocol.
+     *
+     * @param $type_uris The URIs that you wish to check
+     *
+     * @return all types that are in both in type_uris and
+     * $this->type_uris
+     */
+    function matchTypes($type_uris)
+    {
+        $result = array();
+        foreach ($type_uris as $test_uri) {
+            if ($this->supportsType($test_uri)) {
+                $result[] = $test_uri;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    function supportsType($type_uri)
+    {
+        // Does this endpoint support this type?
+        return ((in_array($type_uri, $this->type_uris)) ||
+                (($type_uri == Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0) &&
+                 $this->isOPIdentifier()));
+    }
+
+    function compatibilityMode()
+    {
+        return $this->preferredNamespace() != Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS;
+    }
+
+    function isOPIdentifier()
+    {
+        return in_array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0_IDP, $this->type_uris);
+    }
+
+    static function fromOPEndpointURL($op_endpoint_url)
+    {
+        // Construct an OP-Identifier OpenIDServiceEndpoint object for
+        // a given OP Endpoint URL
+        $obj = new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint();
+        $obj->server_url = $op_endpoint_url;
+        $obj->type_uris = array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0_IDP);
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    function parseService($yadis_url, $uri, $type_uris, $service_element)
+    {
+        // Set the state of this object based on the contents of the
+        // service element.  Return true if successful, false if not
+        // (if findOPLocalIdentifier returns false).
+        $this->type_uris = $type_uris;
+        $this->server_url = $uri;
+        $this->used_yadis = true;
+
+        if (!$this->isOPIdentifier()) {
+            $this->claimed_id = $yadis_url;
+            $this->local_id = Auth_OpenID_findOPLocalIdentifier(
+                                                    $service_element,
+                                                    $this->type_uris);
+            if ($this->local_id === false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function getLocalID()
+    {
+        // Return the identifier that should be sent as the
+        // openid.identity_url parameter to the server.
+        if ($this->local_id === null && $this->canonicalID === null) {
+            return $this->claimed_id;
+        } else {
+            if ($this->local_id) {
+                return $this->local_id;
+            } else {
+                return $this->canonicalID;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Parse the given document as XRDS looking for OpenID consumer services.
+     *
+     * @return array of Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint or null if the
+     * document cannot be parsed.
+     */
+    function consumerFromXRDS($uri, $xrds_text)
+    {
+        $xrds =& Auth_Yadis_XRDS::parseXRDS($xrds_text);
+
+        if ($xrds) {
+            $yadis_services =
+              $xrds->services(array('filter_MatchesAnyOpenIDConsumerType'));
+            return Auth_OpenID_makeOpenIDEndpoints($uri, $yadis_services);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Parse the given document as XRDS looking for OpenID services.
+     *
+     * @return array of Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint or null if the
+     * document cannot be parsed.
+     */
+    static function fromXRDS($uri, $xrds_text)
+    {
+        $xrds = Auth_Yadis_XRDS::parseXRDS($xrds_text);
+
+        if ($xrds) {
+            $yadis_services =
+              $xrds->services(array('filter_MatchesAnyOpenIDType'));
+            return Auth_OpenID_makeOpenIDEndpoints($uri, $yadis_services);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Create endpoints from a DiscoveryResult.
+     *
+     * @param discoveryResult Auth_Yadis_DiscoveryResult
+     * @return array of Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint or null if
+     * endpoints cannot be created.
+     */
+    static function fromDiscoveryResult($discoveryResult)
+    {
+        if ($discoveryResult->isXRDS()) {
+            return Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint::fromXRDS(
+                                     $discoveryResult->normalized_uri,
+                                     $discoveryResult->response_text);
+        } else {
+            return Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint::fromHTML(
+                                     $discoveryResult->normalized_uri,
+                                     $discoveryResult->response_text);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static function fromHTML($uri, $html)
+    {
+        $discovery_types = array(
+                                 array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0,
+                                       'openid2.provider', 'openid2.local_id'),
+                                 array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_1,
+                                       'openid.server', 'openid.delegate')
+                                 );
+
+        $services = array();
+
+        foreach ($discovery_types as $triple) {
+            list($type_uri, $server_rel, $delegate_rel) = $triple;
+
+            $urls = Auth_OpenID_legacy_discover($html, $server_rel,
+                                                $delegate_rel);
+
+            if ($urls === false) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            list($delegate_url, $server_url) = $urls;
+
+            $service = new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint();
+            $service->claimed_id = $uri;
+            $service->local_id = $delegate_url;
+            $service->server_url = $server_url;
+            $service->type_uris = array($type_uri);
+
+            $services[] = $service;
+        }
+
+        return $services;
+    }
+
+    function copy()
+    {
+        $x = new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint();
+
+        $x->claimed_id = $this->claimed_id;
+        $x->server_url = $this->server_url;
+        $x->type_uris = $this->type_uris;
+        $x->local_id = $this->local_id;
+        $x->canonicalID = $this->canonicalID;
+        $x->used_yadis = $this->used_yadis;
+
+        return $x;
+    }
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_findOPLocalIdentifier($service, $type_uris)
+{
+    // Extract a openid:Delegate value from a Yadis Service element.
+    // If no delegate is found, returns null.  Returns false on
+    // discovery failure (when multiple delegate/localID tags have
+    // different values).
+
+    $service->parser->registerNamespace('openid',
+                                        Auth_OpenID_XMLNS_1_0);
+
+    $service->parser->registerNamespace('xrd',
+                                        Auth_Yadis_XMLNS_XRD_2_0);
+
+    $parser = $service->parser;
+
+    $permitted_tags = array();
+
+    if (in_array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_1, $type_uris) ||
+        in_array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_1_0, $type_uris)) {
+        $permitted_tags[] = 'openid:Delegate';
+    }
+
+    if (in_array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0, $type_uris)) {
+        $permitted_tags[] = 'xrd:LocalID';
+    }
+
+    $local_id = null;
+
+    foreach ($permitted_tags as $tag_name) {
+        $tags = $service->getElements($tag_name);
+
+        foreach ($tags as $tag) {
+            $content = $parser->content($tag);
+
+            if ($local_id === null) {
+                $local_id = $content;
+            } else if ($local_id != $content) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $local_id;
+}
+
+function filter_MatchesAnyOpenIDType($service)
+{
+    $uris = $service->getTypes();
+
+    foreach ($uris as $uri) {
+        if (in_array($uri, Auth_OpenID_getOpenIDTypeURIs())) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+function filter_MatchesAnyOpenIDConsumerType(&$service)
+{
+    $uris = $service->getTypes();
+
+    foreach ($uris as $uri) {
+        if (in_array($uri, Auth_OpenID_getOpenIDConsumerTypeURIs())) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_bestMatchingService($service, $preferred_types)
+{
+    // Return the index of the first matching type, or something
+    // higher if no type matches.
+    //
+    // This provides an ordering in which service elements that
+    // contain a type that comes earlier in the preferred types list
+    // come before service elements that come later. If a service
+    // element has more than one type, the most preferred one wins.
+
+    foreach ($preferred_types as $index => $typ) {
+        if (in_array($typ, $service->type_uris)) {
+            return $index;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return count($preferred_types);
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_arrangeByType($service_list, $preferred_types)
+{
+    // Rearrange service_list in a new list so services are ordered by
+    // types listed in preferred_types.  Return the new list.
+
+    // Build a list with the service elements in tuples whose
+    // comparison will prefer the one with the best matching service
+    $prio_services = array();
+    foreach ($service_list as $index => $service) {
+        $prio_services[] = array(Auth_OpenID_bestMatchingService($service,
+                                                        $preferred_types),
+                                 $index, $service);
+    }
+
+    sort($prio_services);
+
+    // Now that the services are sorted by priority, remove the sort
+    // keys from the list.
+    foreach ($prio_services as $index => $s) {
+        $prio_services[$index] = $prio_services[$index][2];
+    }
+
+    return $prio_services;
+}
+
+// Extract OP Identifier services.  If none found, return the rest,
+// sorted with most preferred first according to
+// OpenIDServiceEndpoint.openid_type_uris.
+//
+// openid_services is a list of OpenIDServiceEndpoint objects.
+//
+// Returns a list of OpenIDServiceEndpoint objects."""
+function Auth_OpenID_getOPOrUserServices($openid_services)
+{
+    $op_services = Auth_OpenID_arrangeByType($openid_services,
+                                     array(Auth_OpenID_TYPE_2_0_IDP));
+
+    $openid_services = Auth_OpenID_arrangeByType($openid_services,
+                                     Auth_OpenID_getOpenIDTypeURIs());
+
+    if ($op_services) {
+        return $op_services;
+    } else {
+        return $openid_services;
+    }
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_makeOpenIDEndpoints($uri, $yadis_services)
+{
+    $s = array();
+
+    if (!$yadis_services) {
+        return $s;
+    }
+
+    foreach ($yadis_services as $service) {
+        $type_uris = $service->getTypes();
+        $uris = $service->getURIs();
+
+        // If any Type URIs match and there is an endpoint URI
+        // specified, then this is an OpenID endpoint
+        if ($type_uris &&
+            $uris) {
+            foreach ($uris as $service_uri) {
+                $openid_endpoint = new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint();
+                if ($openid_endpoint->parseService($uri,
+                                                   $service_uri,
+                                                   $type_uris,
+                                                   $service)) {
+                    $s[] = $openid_endpoint;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $s;
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_discoverWithYadis($uri, $fetcher,
+              $endpoint_filter='Auth_OpenID_getOPOrUserServices',
+              $discover_function=null)
+{
+    // Discover OpenID services for a URI. Tries Yadis and falls back
+    // on old-style <link rel='...'> discovery if Yadis fails.
+
+    // Might raise a yadis.discover.DiscoveryFailure if no document
+    // came back for that URI at all.  I don't think falling back to
+    // OpenID 1.0 discovery on the same URL will help, so don't bother
+    // to catch it.
+    if ($discover_function === null) {
+        $discover_function = array('Auth_Yadis_Yadis', 'discover');
+    }
+
+    $openid_services = array();
+
+    $response = call_user_func_array($discover_function,
+                                     array($uri, $fetcher));
+
+    $yadis_url = $response->normalized_uri;
+    $yadis_services = array();
+
+    if ($response->isFailure() && !$response->isXRDS()) {
+        return array($uri, array());
+    }
+
+    $openid_services = Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint::fromXRDS(
+                                         $yadis_url,
+                                         $response->response_text);
+
+    if (!$openid_services) {
+        if ($response->isXRDS()) {
+            return Auth_OpenID_discoverWithoutYadis($uri,
+                                                    $fetcher);
+        }
+
+        // Try to parse the response as HTML to get OpenID 1.0/1.1
+        // <link rel="...">
+        $openid_services = Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint::fromHTML(
+                                        $yadis_url,
+                                        $response->response_text);
+    }
+
+    $openid_services = call_user_func_array($endpoint_filter,
+                                            array($openid_services));
+
+    return array($yadis_url, $openid_services);
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_discoverURI($uri, $fetcher)
+{
+    $uri = Auth_OpenID::normalizeUrl($uri);
+    return Auth_OpenID_discoverWithYadis($uri, $fetcher);
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_discoverWithoutYadis($uri, $fetcher)
+{
+    $http_resp = @$fetcher->get($uri);
+
+    if ($http_resp->status != 200 and $http_resp->status != 206) {
+        return array($uri, array());
+    }
+
+    $identity_url = $http_resp->final_url;
+
+    // Try to parse the response as HTML to get OpenID 1.0/1.1 <link
+    // rel="...">
+    $openid_services = Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint::fromHTML(
+                                           $identity_url,
+                                           $http_resp->body);
+
+    return array($identity_url, $openid_services);
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_discoverXRI($iname, $fetcher)
+{
+    $resolver = new Auth_Yadis_ProxyResolver($fetcher);
+    list($canonicalID, $yadis_services) =
+        $resolver->query($iname,
+                         Auth_OpenID_getOpenIDTypeURIs(),
+                         array('filter_MatchesAnyOpenIDType'));
+
+    $openid_services = Auth_OpenID_makeOpenIDEndpoints($iname,
+                                                       $yadis_services);
+
+    $openid_services = Auth_OpenID_getOPOrUserServices($openid_services);
+
+    for ($i = 0; $i < count($openid_services); $i++) {
+        $openid_services[$i]->canonicalID = $canonicalID;
+        $openid_services[$i]->claimed_id = $canonicalID;
+        $openid_services[$i]->display_identifier = $iname;
+    }
+
+    // FIXME: returned xri should probably be in some normal form
+    return array($iname, $openid_services);
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_discover($uri, $fetcher)
+{
+    // If the fetcher (i.e., PHP) doesn't support SSL, we can't do
+    // discovery on an HTTPS URL.
+    if ($fetcher->isHTTPS($uri) && !$fetcher->supportsSSL()) {
+        return array($uri, array());
+    }
+
+    if (Auth_Yadis_identifierScheme($uri) == 'XRI') {
+        $result = Auth_OpenID_discoverXRI($uri, $fetcher);
+    } else {
+        $result = Auth_OpenID_discoverURI($uri, $fetcher);
+    }
+
+    // If the fetcher doesn't support SSL, we can't interact with
+    // HTTPS server URLs; remove those endpoints from the list.
+    if (!$fetcher->supportsSSL()) {
+        $http_endpoints = array();
+        list($new_uri, $endpoints) = $result;
+
+        foreach ($endpoints as $e) {
+            if (!$fetcher->isHTTPS($e->server_url)) {
+                $http_endpoints[] = $e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $result = array($new_uri, $http_endpoints);
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DumbStore.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DumbStore.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8f29ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/DumbStore.php
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This file supplies a dumb store backend for OpenID servers and
+ * consumers.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Import the interface for creating a new store class.
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Interface.php';
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/HMAC.php';
+
+/**
+ * This is a store for use in the worst case, when you have no way of
+ * saving state on the consumer site. Using this store makes the
+ * consumer vulnerable to replay attacks, as it's unable to use
+ * nonces. Avoid using this store if it is at all possible.
+ *
+ * Most of the methods of this class are implementation details.
+ * Users of this class need to worry only about the constructor.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_DumbStore extends Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore {
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Auth_OpenID_DumbStore} instance. For the security
+     * of the tokens generated by the library, this class attempts to
+     * at least have a secure implementation of getAuthKey.
+     *
+     * When you create an instance of this class, pass in a secret
+     * phrase. The phrase is hashed with sha1 to make it the correct
+     * length and form for an auth key. That allows you to use a long
+     * string as the secret phrase, which means you can make it very
+     * difficult to guess.
+     *
+     * Each {@link Auth_OpenID_DumbStore} instance that is created for use by
+     * your consumer site needs to use the same $secret_phrase.
+     *
+     * @param string secret_phrase The phrase used to create the auth
+     * key returned by getAuthKey
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_DumbStore($secret_phrase)
+    {
+        $this->auth_key = Auth_OpenID_SHA1($secret_phrase);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This implementation does nothing.
+     */
+    function storeAssociation($server_url, $association)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This implementation always returns null.
+     */
+    function getAssociation($server_url, $handle = null)
+    {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This implementation always returns false.
+     */
+    function removeAssociation($server_url, $handle)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In a system truly limited to dumb mode, nonces must all be
+     * accepted. This therefore always returns true, which makes
+     * replay attacks feasible.
+     */
+    function useNonce($server_url, $timestamp, $salt)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the auth key generated by the constructor.
+     */
+    function getAuthKey()
+    {
+        return $this->auth_key;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Extension.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Extension.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4e38c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Extension.php
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * An interface for OpenID extensions.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Require the Message implementation.
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Message.php';
+
+/**
+ * A base class for accessing extension request and response data for
+ * the OpenID 2 protocol.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_Extension {
+    /**
+     * ns_uri: The namespace to which to add the arguments for this
+     * extension
+     */
+    var $ns_uri = null;
+    var $ns_alias = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the string arguments that should be added to an OpenID
+     * message for this extension.
+     */
+    function getExtensionArgs()
+    {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the arguments from this extension to the provided message.
+     *
+     * Returns the message with the extension arguments added.
+     */
+    function toMessage($message)
+    {
+        $implicit = $message->isOpenID1();
+        $added = $message->namespaces->addAlias($this->ns_uri,
+                                                $this->ns_alias,
+                                                $implicit);
+
+        if ($added === null) {
+            if ($message->namespaces->getAlias($this->ns_uri) !=
+                $this->ns_alias) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $message->updateArgs($this->ns_uri,
+                             $this->getExtensionArgs());
+        return $message;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/FileStore.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/FileStore.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..074421a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/FileStore.php
@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This file supplies a Memcached store backend for OpenID servers and
+ * consumers.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Require base class for creating a new interface.
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID.php';
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Interface.php';
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/HMAC.php';
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Nonce.php';
+
+/**
+ * This is a filesystem-based store for OpenID associations and
+ * nonces.  This store should be safe for use in concurrent systems on
+ * both windows and unix (excluding NFS filesystems).  There are a
+ * couple race conditions in the system, but those failure cases have
+ * been set up in such a way that the worst-case behavior is someone
+ * having to try to log in a second time.
+ *
+ * Most of the methods of this class are implementation details.
+ * People wishing to just use this store need only pay attention to
+ * the constructor.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_FileStore extends Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore {
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes a new {@link Auth_OpenID_FileStore}.  This
+     * initializes the nonce and association directories, which are
+     * subdirectories of the directory passed in.
+     *
+     * @param string $directory This is the directory to put the store
+     * directories in.
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_FileStore($directory)
+    {
+        if (!Auth_OpenID::ensureDir($directory)) {
+            trigger_error('Not a directory and failed to create: '
+                          . $directory, E_USER_ERROR);
+        }
+        $directory = realpath($directory);
+
+        $this->directory = $directory;
+        $this->active = true;
+
+        $this->nonce_dir = $directory . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'nonces';
+
+        $this->association_dir = $directory . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR .
+            'associations';
+
+        // Temp dir must be on the same filesystem as the assciations
+        // $directory.
+        $this->temp_dir = $directory . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'temp';
+
+        $this->max_nonce_age = 6 * 60 * 60; // Six hours, in seconds
+
+        if (!$this->_setup()) {
+            trigger_error('Failed to initialize OpenID file store in ' .
+                          $directory, E_USER_ERROR);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function destroy()
+    {
+        Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_rmtree($this->directory);
+        $this->active = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure that the directories in which we store our data
+     * exist.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _setup()
+    {
+        return (Auth_OpenID::ensureDir($this->nonce_dir) &&
+                Auth_OpenID::ensureDir($this->association_dir) &&
+                Auth_OpenID::ensureDir($this->temp_dir));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a temporary file on the same filesystem as
+     * $this->association_dir.
+     *
+     * The temporary directory should not be cleaned if there are any
+     * processes using the store. If there is no active process using
+     * the store, it is safe to remove all of the files in the
+     * temporary directory.
+     *
+     * @return array ($fd, $filename)
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mktemp()
+    {
+        $name = Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_mkstemp($dir = $this->temp_dir);
+        $file_obj = @fopen($name, 'wb');
+        if ($file_obj !== false) {
+            return array($file_obj, $name);
+        } else {
+            Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_removeIfPresent($name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function cleanupNonces()
+    {
+        global $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+
+        $nonces = Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_listdir($this->nonce_dir);
+        $now = time();
+
+        $removed = 0;
+        // Check all nonces for expiry
+        foreach ($nonces as $nonce_fname) {
+            $base = basename($nonce_fname);
+            $parts = explode('-', $base, 2);
+            $timestamp = $parts[0];
+            $timestamp = intval($timestamp, 16);
+            if (abs($timestamp - $now) > $Auth_OpenID_SKEW) {
+                Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_removeIfPresent($nonce_fname);
+                $removed += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return $removed;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a unique filename for a given server url and
+     * handle. This implementation does not assume anything about the
+     * format of the handle. The filename that is returned will
+     * contain the domain name from the server URL for ease of human
+     * inspection of the data directory.
+     *
+     * @return string $filename
+     */
+    function getAssociationFilename($server_url, $handle)
+    {
+        if (!$this->active) {
+            trigger_error("FileStore no longer active", E_USER_ERROR);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (strpos($server_url, '://') === false) {
+            trigger_error(sprintf("Bad server URL: %s", $server_url),
+                          E_USER_WARNING);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        list($proto, $rest) = explode('://', $server_url, 2);
+        $parts = explode('/', $rest);
+        $domain = Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_filenameEscape($parts[0]);
+        $url_hash = Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_safe64($server_url);
+        if ($handle) {
+            $handle_hash = Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_safe64($handle);
+        } else {
+            $handle_hash = '';
+        }
+
+        $filename = sprintf('%s-%s-%s-%s', $proto, $domain, $url_hash,
+                            $handle_hash);
+
+        return $this->association_dir. DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $filename;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Store an association in the association directory.
+     */
+    function storeAssociation($server_url, $association)
+    {
+        if (!$this->active) {
+            trigger_error("FileStore no longer active", E_USER_ERROR);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $association_s = $association->serialize();
+        $filename = $this->getAssociationFilename($server_url,
+                                                  $association->handle);
+        list($tmp_file, $tmp) = $this->_mktemp();
+
+        if (!$tmp_file) {
+            trigger_error("_mktemp didn't return a valid file descriptor",
+                          E_USER_WARNING);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        fwrite($tmp_file, $association_s);
+
+        fflush($tmp_file);
+
+        fclose($tmp_file);
+
+        if (@rename($tmp, $filename)) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            // In case we are running on Windows, try unlinking the
+            // file in case it exists.
+            @unlink($filename);
+
+            // Now the target should not exist. Try renaming again,
+            // giving up if it fails.
+            if (@rename($tmp, $filename)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If there was an error, don't leave the temporary file
+        // around.
+        Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_removeIfPresent($tmp);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve an association. If no handle is specified, return the
+     * association with the most recent issue time.
+     *
+     * @return mixed $association
+     */
+    function getAssociation($server_url, $handle = null)
+    {
+        if (!$this->active) {
+            trigger_error("FileStore no longer active", E_USER_ERROR);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if ($handle === null) {
+            $handle = '';
+        }
+
+        // The filename with the empty handle is a prefix of all other
+        // associations for the given server URL.
+        $filename = $this->getAssociationFilename($server_url, $handle);
+
+        if ($handle) {
+            return $this->_getAssociation($filename);
+        } else {
+            $association_files =
+                Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_listdir($this->association_dir);
+            $matching_files = array();
+
+            // strip off the path to do the comparison
+            $name = basename($filename);
+            foreach ($association_files as $association_file) {
+                $base = basename($association_file);
+                if (strpos($base, $name) === 0) {
+                    $matching_files[] = $association_file;
+                }
+            }
+
+            $matching_associations = array();
+            // read the matching files and sort by time issued
+            foreach ($matching_files as $full_name) {
+                $association = $this->_getAssociation($full_name);
+                if ($association !== null) {
+                    $matching_associations[] = array($association->issued,
+                                                     $association);
+                }
+            }
+
+            $issued = array();
+            $assocs = array();
+            foreach ($matching_associations as $key => $assoc) {
+                $issued[$key] = $assoc[0];
+                $assocs[$key] = $assoc[1];
+            }
+
+            array_multisort($issued, SORT_DESC, $assocs, SORT_DESC,
+                            $matching_associations);
+
+            // return the most recently issued one.
+            if ($matching_associations) {
+                list($issued, $assoc) = $matching_associations[0];
+                return $assoc;
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _getAssociation($filename)
+    {
+        if (!$this->active) {
+            trigger_error("FileStore no longer active", E_USER_ERROR);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $assoc_file = @fopen($filename, 'rb');
+
+        if ($assoc_file === false) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $assoc_s = fread($assoc_file, filesize($filename));
+        fclose($assoc_file);
+
+        if (!$assoc_s) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $association =
+            Auth_OpenID_Association::deserialize('Auth_OpenID_Association',
+                                                $assoc_s);
+
+        if (!$association) {
+            Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_removeIfPresent($filename);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if ($association->getExpiresIn() == 0) {
+            Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_removeIfPresent($filename);
+            return null;
+        } else {
+            return $association;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove an association if it exists. Do nothing if it does not.
+     *
+     * @return bool $success
+     */
+    function removeAssociation($server_url, $handle)
+    {
+        if (!$this->active) {
+            trigger_error("FileStore no longer active", E_USER_ERROR);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $assoc = $this->getAssociation($server_url, $handle);
+        if ($assoc === null) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            $filename = $this->getAssociationFilename($server_url, $handle);
+            return Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_removeIfPresent($filename);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether this nonce is present. As a side effect, mark it
+     * as no longer present.
+     *
+     * @return bool $present
+     */
+    function useNonce($server_url, $timestamp, $salt)
+    {
+        global $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+
+        if (!$this->active) {
+            trigger_error("FileStore no longer active", E_USER_ERROR);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if ( abs($timestamp - time()) > $Auth_OpenID_SKEW ) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($server_url) {
+            list($proto, $rest) = explode('://', $server_url, 2);
+        } else {
+            $proto = '';
+            $rest = '';
+        }
+
+        $parts = explode('/', $rest, 2);
+        $domain = $this->_filenameEscape($parts[0]);
+        $url_hash = $this->_safe64($server_url);
+        $salt_hash = $this->_safe64($salt);
+
+        $filename = sprintf('%08x-%s-%s-%s-%s', $timestamp, $proto,
+                            $domain, $url_hash, $salt_hash);
+        $filename = $this->nonce_dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $filename;
+
+        $result = @fopen($filename, 'x');
+
+        if ($result === false) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            fclose($result);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove expired entries from the database. This is potentially
+     * expensive, so only run when it is acceptable to take time.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _allAssocs()
+    {
+        $all_associations = array();
+
+        $association_filenames =
+            Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_listdir($this->association_dir);
+
+        foreach ($association_filenames as $association_filename) {
+            $association_file = fopen($association_filename, 'rb');
+
+            if ($association_file !== false) {
+                $assoc_s = fread($association_file,
+                                 filesize($association_filename));
+                fclose($association_file);
+
+                // Remove expired or corrupted associations
+                $association =
+                  Auth_OpenID_Association::deserialize(
+                         'Auth_OpenID_Association', $assoc_s);
+
+                if ($association === null) {
+                    Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_removeIfPresent(
+                                                 $association_filename);
+                } else {
+                    if ($association->getExpiresIn() == 0) {
+                        $all_associations[] = array($association_filename,
+                                                    $association);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $all_associations;
+    }
+
+    function clean()
+    {
+        if (!$this->active) {
+            trigger_error("FileStore no longer active", E_USER_ERROR);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $nonces = Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_listdir($this->nonce_dir);
+        $now = time();
+
+        // Check all nonces for expiry
+        foreach ($nonces as $nonce) {
+            if (!Auth_OpenID_checkTimestamp($nonce, $now)) {
+                $filename = $this->nonce_dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $nonce;
+                Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_removeIfPresent($filename);
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach ($this->_allAssocs() as $pair) {
+            list($assoc_filename, $assoc) = $pair;
+            if ($assoc->getExpiresIn() == 0) {
+                Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_removeIfPresent($assoc_filename);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _rmtree($dir)
+    {
+        if ($dir[strlen($dir) - 1] != DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) {
+            $dir .= DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
+        }
+
+        if ($handle = opendir($dir)) {
+            while ($item = readdir($handle)) {
+                if (!in_array($item, array('.', '..'))) {
+                    if (is_dir($dir . $item)) {
+
+                        if (!Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_rmtree($dir . $item)) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    } else if (is_file($dir . $item)) {
+                        if (!unlink($dir . $item)) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            closedir($handle);
+
+            if (!@rmdir($dir)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            // Couldn't open directory.
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mkstemp($dir)
+    {
+        foreach (range(0, 4) as $i) {
+            $name = tempnam($dir, "php_openid_filestore_");
+
+            if ($name !== false) {
+                return $name;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function _mkdtemp($dir)
+    {
+        foreach (range(0, 4) as $i) {
+            $name = $dir . strval(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . strval(getmypid()) .
+                "-" . strval(rand(1, time()));
+            if (!mkdir($name, 0700)) {
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                return $name;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _listdir($dir)
+    {
+        $handle = opendir($dir);
+        $files = array();
+        while (false !== ($filename = readdir($handle))) {
+            if (!in_array($filename, array('.', '..'))) {
+                $files[] = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $filename;
+            }
+        }
+        return $files;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _isFilenameSafe($char)
+    {
+        $_Auth_OpenID_filename_allowed = Auth_OpenID_letters .
+            Auth_OpenID_digits . ".";
+        return (strpos($_Auth_OpenID_filename_allowed, $char) !== false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _safe64($str)
+    {
+        $h64 = base64_encode(Auth_OpenID_SHA1($str));
+        $h64 = str_replace('+', '_', $h64);
+        $h64 = str_replace('/', '.', $h64);
+        $h64 = str_replace('=', '', $h64);
+        return $h64;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _filenameEscape($str)
+    {
+        $filename = "";
+        $b = Auth_OpenID::toBytes($str);
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($b); $i++) {
+            $c = $b[$i];
+            if (Auth_OpenID_FileStore::_isFilenameSafe($c)) {
+                $filename .= $c;
+            } else {
+                $filename .= sprintf("_%02X", ord($c));
+            }
+        }
+        return $filename;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to remove a file, returning whether the file existed at
+     * the time of the call.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @return bool $result True if the file was present, false if not.
+     */
+    function _removeIfPresent($filename)
+    {
+        return @unlink($filename);
+    }
+
+    function cleanupAssociations()
+    {
+        $removed = 0;
+        foreach ($this->_allAssocs() as $pair) {
+            list($assoc_filename, $assoc) = $pair;
+            if ($assoc->getExpiresIn() == 0) {
+                $this->_removeIfPresent($assoc_filename);
+                $removed += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return $removed;
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/HMAC.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/HMAC.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6c4bdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/HMAC.php
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This is the HMACSHA1 implementation for the OpenID library.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID.php';
+
+/**
+ * SHA1_BLOCKSIZE is this module's SHA1 blocksize used by the fallback
+ * implementation.
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_SHA1_BLOCKSIZE', 64);
+
+function Auth_OpenID_SHA1($text)
+{
+    if (function_exists('hash') &&
+        function_exists('hash_algos') &&
+        (in_array('sha1', hash_algos()))) {
+        // PHP 5 case (sometimes): 'hash' available and 'sha1' algo
+        // supported.
+        return hash('sha1', $text, true);
+    } else if (function_exists('sha1')) {
+        // PHP 4 case: 'sha1' available.
+        $hex = sha1($text);
+        $raw = '';
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 40; $i += 2) {
+            $hexcode = substr($hex, $i, 2);
+            $charcode = (int)base_convert($hexcode, 16, 10);
+            $raw .= chr($charcode);
+        }
+        return $raw;
+    } else {
+        // Explode.
+        trigger_error('No SHA1 function found', E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute an HMAC/SHA1 hash.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @param string $key The HMAC key
+ * @param string $text The message text to hash
+ * @return string $mac The MAC
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_HMACSHA1($key, $text)
+{
+    if (Auth_OpenID::bytes($key) > Auth_OpenID_SHA1_BLOCKSIZE) {
+        $key = Auth_OpenID_SHA1($key, true);
+    }
+
+    if (function_exists('hash_hmac') &&
+        function_exists('hash_algos') &&
+        (in_array('sha1', hash_algos()))) {
+        return hash_hmac('sha1', $text, $key, true);
+    }
+    // Home-made solution
+
+    $key = str_pad($key, Auth_OpenID_SHA1_BLOCKSIZE, chr(0x00));
+    $ipad = str_repeat(chr(0x36), Auth_OpenID_SHA1_BLOCKSIZE);
+    $opad = str_repeat(chr(0x5c), Auth_OpenID_SHA1_BLOCKSIZE);
+    $hash1 = Auth_OpenID_SHA1(($key ^ $ipad) . $text, true);
+    $hmac = Auth_OpenID_SHA1(($key ^ $opad) . $hash1, true);
+    return $hmac;
+}
+
+if (function_exists('hash') &&
+    function_exists('hash_algos') &&
+    (in_array('sha256', hash_algos()))) {
+    function Auth_OpenID_SHA256($text)
+    {
+        // PHP 5 case: 'hash' available and 'sha256' algo supported.
+        return hash('sha256', $text, true);
+    }
+    define('Auth_OpenID_SHA256_SUPPORTED', true);
+} else {
+    define('Auth_OpenID_SHA256_SUPPORTED', false);
+}
+
+if (function_exists('hash_hmac') &&
+    function_exists('hash_algos') &&
+    (in_array('sha256', hash_algos()))) {
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_HMACSHA256($key, $text)
+    {
+        // Return raw MAC (not hex string).
+        return hash_hmac('sha256', $text, $key, true);
+    }
+
+    define('Auth_OpenID_HMACSHA256_SUPPORTED', true);
+} else {
+    define('Auth_OpenID_HMACSHA256_SUPPORTED', false);
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Interface.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Interface.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eca6b9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Interface.php
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This file specifies the interface for PHP OpenID store implementations.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This is the interface for the store objects the OpenID library
+ * uses. It is a single class that provides all of the persistence
+ * mechanisms that the OpenID library needs, for both servers and
+ * consumers.  If you want to create an SQL-driven store, please see
+ * then {@link Auth_OpenID_SQLStore} class.
+ *
+ * Change: Version 2.0 removed the storeNonce, getAuthKey, and isDumb
+ * methods, and changed the behavior of the useNonce method to support
+ * one-way nonces.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore {
+    /**
+     * This method puts an Association object into storage,
+     * retrievable by server URL and handle.
+     *
+     * @param string $server_url The URL of the identity server that
+     * this association is with. Because of the way the server portion
+     * of the library uses this interface, don't assume there are any
+     * limitations on the character set of the input string. In
+     * particular, expect to see unescaped non-url-safe characters in
+     * the server_url field.
+     *
+     * @param Association $association The Association to store.
+     */
+    function storeAssociation($server_url, $association)
+    {
+        trigger_error("Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore::storeAssociation ".
+                      "not implemented", E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Remove expired nonces from the store.
+     *
+     * Discards any nonce from storage that is old enough that its
+     * timestamp would not pass useNonce().
+     *
+     * This method is not called in the normal operation of the
+     * library.  It provides a way for store admins to keep their
+     * storage from filling up with expired data.
+     *
+     * @return the number of nonces expired
+     */
+    function cleanupNonces()
+    {
+        trigger_error("Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore::cleanupNonces ".
+                      "not implemented", E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Remove expired associations from the store.
+     *
+     * This method is not called in the normal operation of the
+     * library.  It provides a way for store admins to keep their
+     * storage from filling up with expired data.
+     *
+     * @return the number of associations expired.
+     */
+    function cleanupAssociations()
+    {
+        trigger_error("Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore::cleanupAssociations ".
+                      "not implemented", E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Shortcut for cleanupNonces(), cleanupAssociations().
+     *
+     * This method is not called in the normal operation of the
+     * library.  It provides a way for store admins to keep their
+     * storage from filling up with expired data.
+     */
+    function cleanup()
+    {
+        return array($this->cleanupNonces(),
+                     $this->cleanupAssociations());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report whether this storage supports cleanup
+     */
+    function supportsCleanup()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns an Association object from storage that
+     * matches the server URL and, if specified, handle. It returns
+     * null if no such association is found or if the matching
+     * association is expired.
+     *
+     * If no handle is specified, the store may return any association
+     * which matches the server URL. If multiple associations are
+     * valid, the recommended return value for this method is the one
+     * most recently issued.
+     *
+     * This method is allowed (and encouraged) to garbage collect
+     * expired associations when found. This method must not return
+     * expired associations.
+     *
+     * @param string $server_url The URL of the identity server to get
+     * the association for. Because of the way the server portion of
+     * the library uses this interface, don't assume there are any
+     * limitations on the character set of the input string.  In
+     * particular, expect to see unescaped non-url-safe characters in
+     * the server_url field.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $handle This optional parameter is the handle of
+     * the specific association to get. If no specific handle is
+     * provided, any valid association matching the server URL is
+     * returned.
+     *
+     * @return Association The Association for the given identity
+     * server.
+     */
+    function getAssociation($server_url, $handle = null)
+    {
+        trigger_error("Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore::getAssociation ".
+                      "not implemented", E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method removes the matching association if it's found, and
+     * returns whether the association was removed or not.
+     *
+     * @param string $server_url The URL of the identity server the
+     * association to remove belongs to. Because of the way the server
+     * portion of the library uses this interface, don't assume there
+     * are any limitations on the character set of the input
+     * string. In particular, expect to see unescaped non-url-safe
+     * characters in the server_url field.
+     *
+     * @param string $handle This is the handle of the association to
+     * remove. If there isn't an association found that matches both
+     * the given URL and handle, then there was no matching handle
+     * found.
+     *
+     * @return mixed Returns whether or not the given association existed.
+     */
+    function removeAssociation($server_url, $handle)
+    {
+        trigger_error("Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore::removeAssociation ".
+                      "not implemented", E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when using a nonce.
+     *
+     * This method should return C{True} if the nonce has not been
+     * used before, and store it for a while to make sure nobody
+     * tries to use the same value again.  If the nonce has already
+     * been used, return C{False}.
+     *
+     * Change: In earlier versions, round-trip nonces were used and a
+     * nonce was only valid if it had been previously stored with
+     * storeNonce.  Version 2.0 uses one-way nonces, requiring a
+     * different implementation here that does not depend on a
+     * storeNonce call.  (storeNonce is no longer part of the
+     * interface.
+     *
+     * @param string $nonce The nonce to use.
+     *
+     * @return bool Whether or not the nonce was valid.
+     */
+    function useNonce($server_url, $timestamp, $salt)
+    {
+        trigger_error("Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore::useNonce ".
+                      "not implemented", E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all entries from the store; implementation is optional.
+     */
+    function reset()
+    {
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/KVForm.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/KVForm.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd02661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/KVForm.php
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * OpenID protocol key-value/comma-newline format parsing and
+ * serialization
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Container for key-value/comma-newline OpenID format and parsing
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_KVForm {
+    /**
+     * Convert an OpenID colon/newline separated string into an
+     * associative array
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function toArray($kvs, $strict=false)
+    {
+        $lines = explode("\n", $kvs);
+
+        $last = array_pop($lines);
+        if ($last !== '') {
+            array_push($lines, $last);
+            if ($strict) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $values = array();
+
+        for ($lineno = 0; $lineno < count($lines); $lineno++) {
+            $line = $lines[$lineno];
+            $kv = explode(':', $line, 2);
+            if (count($kv) != 2) {
+                if ($strict) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $key = $kv[0];
+            $tkey = trim($key);
+            if ($tkey != $key) {
+                if ($strict) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            $value = $kv[1];
+            $tval = trim($value);
+            if ($tval != $value) {
+                if ($strict) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            $values[$tkey] = $tval;
+        }
+
+        return $values;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert an array into an OpenID colon/newline separated string
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function fromArray($values)
+    {
+        if ($values === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        ksort($values);
+
+        $serialized = '';
+        foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
+            if (is_array($value)) {
+                list($key, $value) = array($value[0], $value[1]);
+            }
+
+            if (strpos($key, ':') !== false) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (strpos($key, "\n") !== false) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (strpos($value, "\n") !== false) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            $serialized .= "$key:$value\n";
+        }
+        return $serialized;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MDB2Store.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MDB2Store.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80024ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MDB2Store.php
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * SQL-backed OpenID stores for use with PEAR::MDB2.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html LGPL
+ */
+
+require_once 'MDB2.php';
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Interface.php';
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID.php';
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Nonce.php';
+
+/**
+ * This store uses a PEAR::MDB2 connection to store persistence
+ * information.
+ *
+ * The table names used are determined by the class variables
+ * associations_table_name and nonces_table_name.  To change the name
+ * of the tables used, pass new table names into the constructor.
+ *
+ * To create the tables with the proper schema, see the createTables
+ * method.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_MDB2Store extends Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore {
+    /**
+     * This creates a new MDB2Store instance.  It requires an
+     * established database connection be given to it, and it allows
+     * overriding the default table names.
+     *
+     * @param connection $connection This must be an established
+     * connection to a database of the correct type for the SQLStore
+     * subclass you're using.  This must be a PEAR::MDB2 connection
+     * handle.
+     *
+     * @param associations_table: This is an optional parameter to
+     * specify the name of the table used for storing associations.
+     * The default value is 'oid_associations'.
+     *
+     * @param nonces_table: This is an optional parameter to specify
+     * the name of the table used for storing nonces.  The default
+     * value is 'oid_nonces'.
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_MDB2Store($connection,
+                                  $associations_table = null,
+                                  $nonces_table = null)
+    {
+        $this->associations_table_name = "oid_associations";
+        $this->nonces_table_name = "oid_nonces";
+
+        // Check the connection object type to be sure it's a PEAR
+        // database connection.
+        if (!is_object($connection) ||
+            !is_subclass_of($connection, 'mdb2_driver_common')) {
+            trigger_error("Auth_OpenID_MDB2Store expected PEAR connection " .
+                          "object (got ".get_class($connection).")",
+                          E_USER_ERROR);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->connection = $connection;
+
+        // Be sure to set the fetch mode so the results are keyed on
+        // column name instead of column index.
+        $this->connection->setFetchMode(MDB2_FETCHMODE_ASSOC);
+        
+        if (PEAR::isError($this->connection->loadModule('Extended'))) {
+            trigger_error("Unable to load MDB2_Extended module", E_USER_ERROR);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($associations_table) {
+            $this->associations_table_name = $associations_table;
+        }
+
+        if ($nonces_table) {
+            $this->nonces_table_name = $nonces_table;
+        }
+
+        $this->max_nonce_age = 6 * 60 * 60;
+    }
+
+    function tableExists($table_name)
+    {
+        return !PEAR::isError($this->connection->query(
+                                  sprintf("SELECT * FROM %s LIMIT 0",
+                                          $table_name)));
+    }
+
+    function createTables()
+    {
+        $n = $this->create_nonce_table();
+        $a = $this->create_assoc_table();
+
+        if (!$n || !$a) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function create_nonce_table()
+    {
+        if (!$this->tableExists($this->nonces_table_name)) {
+            switch ($this->connection->phptype) {
+                case "mysql":
+                case "mysqli":
+                    // Custom SQL for MySQL to use InnoDB and variable-
+                    // length keys
+                    $r = $this->connection->exec(
+                        sprintf("CREATE TABLE %s (\n".
+                                "  server_url VARCHAR(2047) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',\n".
+                                "  timestamp INTEGER NOT NULL,\n".
+                                "  salt CHAR(40) NOT NULL,\n".
+                                "  UNIQUE (server_url(255), timestamp, salt)\n".
+                                ") TYPE=InnoDB",
+                                $this->nonces_table_name));
+                    if (PEAR::isError($r)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    if (PEAR::isError(
+                        $this->connection->loadModule('Manager'))) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $fields = array(
+                        "server_url" => array(
+                            "type" => "text",
+                            "length" => 2047,
+                            "notnull" => true
+                        ),
+                        "timestamp" => array(
+                            "type" => "integer",
+                            "notnull" => true
+                        ),
+                        "salt" => array(
+                            "type" => "text",
+                            "length" => 40,
+                            "fixed" => true,
+                            "notnull" => true
+                        )
+                    );
+                    $constraint = array(
+                        "unique" => 1,
+                        "fields" => array(
+                            "server_url" => true,
+                            "timestamp" => true,
+                            "salt" => true
+                        )
+                    );
+                    
+                    $r = $this->connection->createTable($this->nonces_table_name,
+                                                        $fields);
+                    if (PEAR::isError($r)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    
+                    $r = $this->connection->createConstraint(
+                        $this->nonces_table_name,
+                        $this->nonces_table_name . "_constraint",
+                        $constraint);
+                    if (PEAR::isError($r)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function create_assoc_table()
+    {
+        if (!$this->tableExists($this->associations_table_name)) {
+            switch ($this->connection->phptype) {
+                case "mysql":
+                case "mysqli":
+                    // Custom SQL for MySQL to use InnoDB and variable-
+                    // length keys
+                    $r = $this->connection->exec(
+                        sprintf("CREATE TABLE %s(\n".
+                                "  server_url VARCHAR(2047) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',\n".
+                                "  handle VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,\n".
+                                "  secret BLOB NOT NULL,\n".
+                                "  issued INTEGER NOT NULL,\n".
+                                "  lifetime INTEGER NOT NULL,\n".
+                                "  assoc_type VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,\n".
+                                "  PRIMARY KEY (server_url(255), handle)\n".
+                                ") TYPE=InnoDB",
+                            $this->associations_table_name));
+                    if (PEAR::isError($r)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    if (PEAR::isError(
+                        $this->connection->loadModule('Manager'))) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $fields = array(
+                        "server_url" => array(
+                            "type" => "text",
+                            "length" => 2047,
+                            "notnull" => true
+                        ),
+                        "handle" => array(
+                            "type" => "text",
+                            "length" => 255,
+                            "notnull" => true
+                        ),
+                        "secret" => array(
+                            "type" => "blob",
+                            "length" => "255",
+                            "notnull" => true
+                        ),
+                        "issued" => array(
+                            "type" => "integer",
+                            "notnull" => true
+                        ),
+                        "lifetime" => array(
+                            "type" => "integer",
+                            "notnull" => true
+                        ),
+                        "assoc_type" => array(
+                            "type" => "text",
+                            "length" => 64,
+                            "notnull" => true
+                        )
+                    );
+                    $options = array(
+                        "primary" => array(
+                            "server_url" => true,
+                            "handle" => true
+                        )
+                    );
+                    
+                    $r = $this->connection->createTable(
+                        $this->associations_table_name,
+                        $fields,
+                        $options);
+                    if (PEAR::isError($r)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function storeAssociation($server_url, $association)
+    {
+        $fields = array(
+            "server_url" => array(
+                "value" => $server_url,
+                "key" => true
+            ),
+            "handle" => array(
+                "value" => $association->handle,
+                "key" => true
+            ),
+            "secret" => array(
+                "value" => $association->secret,
+                "type" => "blob"
+            ),
+            "issued" => array(
+                "value" => $association->issued
+            ),
+            "lifetime" => array(
+                "value" => $association->lifetime
+            ),
+            "assoc_type" => array(
+                "value" => $association->assoc_type
+            )
+        );
+        
+        return !PEAR::isError($this->connection->replace(
+                                  $this->associations_table_name,
+                                  $fields));
+    }
+
+    function cleanupNonces()
+    {
+        global $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+        $v = time() - $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+
+        return $this->connection->exec(
+            sprintf("DELETE FROM %s WHERE timestamp < %d",
+                    $this->nonces_table_name, $v));
+    }
+
+    function cleanupAssociations()
+    {
+        return $this->connection->exec(
+            sprintf("DELETE FROM %s WHERE issued + lifetime < %d",
+                    $this->associations_table_name, time()));
+    }
+
+    function getAssociation($server_url, $handle = null)
+    {
+        $sql = "";
+        $params = null;
+        $types = array(
+                       "text",
+                       "blob",
+                       "integer",
+                       "integer",
+                       "text"
+                       );
+        if ($handle !== null) {
+            $sql = sprintf("SELECT handle, secret, issued, lifetime, assoc_type " .
+                           "FROM %s WHERE server_url = ? AND handle = ?",
+                           $this->associations_table_name);
+            $params = array($server_url, $handle);
+        } else {
+            $sql = sprintf("SELECT handle, secret, issued, lifetime, assoc_type " .
+                           "FROM %s WHERE server_url = ? ORDER BY issued DESC",
+                           $this->associations_table_name);
+            $params = array($server_url);
+        }
+        
+        $assoc = $this->connection->getRow($sql, $types, $params);
+
+        if (!$assoc || PEAR::isError($assoc)) {
+            return null;
+        } else {
+            $association = new Auth_OpenID_Association($assoc['handle'],
+                                                       stream_get_contents(
+                                                           $assoc['secret']),
+                                                       $assoc['issued'],
+                                                       $assoc['lifetime'],
+                                                       $assoc['assoc_type']);
+            fclose($assoc['secret']);
+            return $association;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function removeAssociation($server_url, $handle)
+    {
+        $r = $this->connection->execParam(
+            sprintf("DELETE FROM %s WHERE server_url = ? AND handle = ?",
+                    $this->associations_table_name),
+            array($server_url, $handle));
+        
+        if (PEAR::isError($r) || $r == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function useNonce($server_url, $timestamp, $salt)
+    {
+        global $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+
+        if (abs($timestamp - time()) > $Auth_OpenID_SKEW ) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        $fields = array(
+                        "timestamp" => $timestamp,
+                        "salt" => $salt
+                        );
+        
+        if (!empty($server_url)) {
+            $fields["server_url"] = $server_url;
+        }
+        
+        $r = $this->connection->autoExecute(
+            $this->nonces_table_name,
+            $fields,
+            MDB2_AUTOQUERY_INSERT);
+        
+        if (PEAR::isError($r)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resets the store by removing all records from the store's
+     * tables.
+     */
+    function reset()
+    {
+        $this->connection->query(sprintf("DELETE FROM %s",
+                                         $this->associations_table_name));
+
+        $this->connection->query(sprintf("DELETE FROM %s",
+                                         $this->nonces_table_name));
+    }
+
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MemcachedStore.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MemcachedStore.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc10800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MemcachedStore.php
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This file supplies a memcached store backend for OpenID servers and
+ * consumers.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author Artemy Tregubenko <me@arty.name>
+ * @copyright 2008 JanRain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ * Contributed by Open Web Technologies <http://openwebtech.ru/>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Import the interface for creating a new store class.
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Interface.php';
+
+/**
+ * This is a memcached-based store for OpenID associations and
+ * nonces. 
+ * 
+ * As memcache has limit of 250 chars for key length, 
+ * server_url, handle and salt are hashed with sha1(). 
+ *
+ * Most of the methods of this class are implementation details.
+ * People wishing to just use this store need only pay attention to
+ * the constructor.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_MemcachedStore extends Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore {
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes a new {@link Auth_OpenID_MemcachedStore} instance.
+     * Just saves memcached object as property.
+     *
+     * @param resource connection Memcache connection resourse
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_MemcachedStore($connection, $compress = false)
+    {
+        $this->connection = $connection;
+        $this->compress = $compress ? MEMCACHE_COMPRESSED : 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Store association until its expiration time in memcached. 
+     * Overwrites any existing association with same server_url and 
+     * handle. Handles list of associations for every server. 
+     */
+    function storeAssociation($server_url, $association)
+    {
+        // create memcached keys for association itself 
+        // and list of associations for this server
+        $associationKey = $this->associationKey($server_url, 
+            $association->handle);
+        $serverKey = $this->associationServerKey($server_url);
+        
+        // get list of associations 
+        $serverAssociations = $this->connection->get($serverKey);
+        
+        // if no such list, initialize it with empty array
+        if (!$serverAssociations) {
+            $serverAssociations = array();
+        }
+        // and store given association key in it
+        $serverAssociations[$association->issued] = $associationKey;
+        
+        // save associations' keys list 
+        $this->connection->set(
+            $serverKey,
+            $serverAssociations,
+            $this->compress
+        );
+        // save association itself
+        $this->connection->set(
+            $associationKey,
+            $association, 
+            $this->compress, 
+            $association->issued + $association->lifetime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read association from memcached. If no handle given 
+     * and multiple associations found, returns latest issued
+     */
+    function getAssociation($server_url, $handle = null)
+    {
+        // simple case: handle given
+        if ($handle !== null) {
+            // get association, return null if failed
+            $association = $this->connection->get(
+                $this->associationKey($server_url, $handle));
+            return $association ? $association : null;
+        }
+        
+        // no handle given, working with list
+        // create key for list of associations
+        $serverKey = $this->associationServerKey($server_url);
+        
+        // get list of associations
+        $serverAssociations = $this->connection->get($serverKey);
+        // return null if failed or got empty list
+        if (!$serverAssociations) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        
+        // get key of most recently issued association
+        $keys = array_keys($serverAssociations);
+        sort($keys);
+        $lastKey = $serverAssociations[array_pop($keys)];
+        
+        // get association, return null if failed
+        $association = $this->connection->get($lastKey);
+        return $association ? $association : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Immediately delete association from memcache.
+     */
+    function removeAssociation($server_url, $handle)
+    {
+        // create memcached keys for association itself 
+        // and list of associations for this server
+        $serverKey = $this->associationServerKey($server_url);
+        $associationKey = $this->associationKey($server_url, 
+            $handle);
+        
+        // get list of associations
+        $serverAssociations = $this->connection->get($serverKey);
+        // return null if failed or got empty list
+        if (!$serverAssociations) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        // ensure that given association key exists in list
+        $serverAssociations = array_flip($serverAssociations);
+        if (!array_key_exists($associationKey, $serverAssociations)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        // remove given association key from list
+        unset($serverAssociations[$associationKey]);
+        $serverAssociations = array_flip($serverAssociations);
+        
+        // save updated list
+        $this->connection->set(
+            $serverKey,
+            $serverAssociations,
+            $this->compress
+        );
+
+        // delete association 
+        return $this->connection->delete($associationKey);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create nonce for server and salt, expiring after 
+     * $Auth_OpenID_SKEW seconds.
+     */
+    function useNonce($server_url, $timestamp, $salt)
+    {
+        global $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+        
+        // save one request to memcache when nonce obviously expired 
+        if (abs($timestamp - time()) > $Auth_OpenID_SKEW) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        // returns false when nonce already exists
+        // otherwise adds nonce
+        return $this->connection->add(
+            'openid_nonce_' . sha1($server_url) . '_' . sha1($salt), 
+            1, // any value here 
+            $this->compress, 
+            $Auth_OpenID_SKEW);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Memcache key is prefixed with 'openid_association_' string. 
+     */
+    function associationKey($server_url, $handle = null) 
+    {
+        return 'openid_association_' . sha1($server_url) . '_' . sha1($handle);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Memcache key is prefixed with 'openid_association_' string. 
+     */
+    function associationServerKey($server_url) 
+    {
+        return 'openid_association_server_' . sha1($server_url);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Report that this storage doesn't support cleanup
+     */
+    function supportsCleanup()
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Message.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Message.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a5b20d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Message.php
@@ -0,0 +1,920 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Extension argument processing code
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Import tools needed to deal with messages.
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID.php';
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/KVForm.php';
+require_once 'Auth/Yadis/XML.php';
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Consumer.php'; // For Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse
+
+// This doesn't REALLY belong here, but where is better?
+define('Auth_OpenID_IDENTIFIER_SELECT',
+       "http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/identifier_select");
+
+// URI for Simple Registration extension, the only commonly deployed
+// OpenID 1.x extension, and so a special case
+define('Auth_OpenID_SREG_URI', 'http://openid.net/sreg/1.0');
+
+// The OpenID 1.X namespace URI
+define('Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS', 'http://openid.net/signon/1.0');
+define('Auth_OpenID_THE_OTHER_OPENID1_NS', 'http://openid.net/signon/1.1');
+
+function Auth_OpenID_isOpenID1($ns)
+{
+    return ($ns == Auth_OpenID_THE_OTHER_OPENID1_NS) ||
+        ($ns == Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS);
+}
+
+// The OpenID 2.0 namespace URI
+define('Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS', 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0');
+
+// The namespace consisting of pairs with keys that are prefixed with
+// "openid."  but not in another namespace.
+define('Auth_OpenID_NULL_NAMESPACE', 'Null namespace');
+
+// The null namespace, when it is an allowed OpenID namespace
+define('Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS', 'OpenID namespace');
+
+// The top-level namespace, excluding all pairs with keys that start
+// with "openid."
+define('Auth_OpenID_BARE_NS', 'Bare namespace');
+
+// Sentinel for Message implementation to indicate that getArg should
+// return null instead of returning a default.
+define('Auth_OpenID_NO_DEFAULT', 'NO DEFAULT ALLOWED');
+
+// Limit, in bytes, of identity provider and return_to URLs, including
+// response payload.  See OpenID 1.1 specification, Appendix D.
+define('Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_URL_LIMIT', 2047);
+
+// All OpenID protocol fields.  Used to check namespace aliases.
+global $Auth_OpenID_OPENID_PROTOCOL_FIELDS;
+$Auth_OpenID_OPENID_PROTOCOL_FIELDS = array(
+    'ns', 'mode', 'error', 'return_to', 'contact', 'reference',
+    'signed', 'assoc_type', 'session_type', 'dh_modulus', 'dh_gen',
+    'dh_consumer_public', 'claimed_id', 'identity', 'realm',
+    'invalidate_handle', 'op_endpoint', 'response_nonce', 'sig',
+    'assoc_handle', 'trust_root', 'openid');
+
+// Global namespace / alias registration map.  See
+// Auth_OpenID_registerNamespaceAlias.
+global $Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases;
+$Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases = array();
+
+/**
+ * Registers a (namespace URI, alias) mapping in a global namespace
+ * alias map.  Raises NamespaceAliasRegistrationError if either the
+ * namespace URI or alias has already been registered with a different
+ * value.  This function is required if you want to use a namespace
+ * with an OpenID 1 message.
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_registerNamespaceAlias($namespace_uri, $alias)
+{
+    global $Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases;
+
+    if (Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases,
+                              $alias) == $namespace_uri) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (in_array($namespace_uri,
+                 array_values($Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases))) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (in_array($alias, array_keys($Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases))) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    $Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases[$alias] = $namespace_uri;
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes a (namespace_uri, alias) registration from the global
+ * namespace alias map.  Returns true if the removal succeeded; false
+ * if not (if the mapping did not exist).
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_removeNamespaceAlias($namespace_uri, $alias)
+{
+    global $Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases;
+
+    if (Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases,
+                              $alias) === $namespace_uri) {
+        unset($Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases[$alias]);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An Auth_OpenID_Mapping maintains a mapping from arbitrary keys to
+ * arbitrary values.  (This is unlike an ordinary PHP array, whose
+ * keys may be only simple scalars.)
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_Mapping {
+    /**
+     * Initialize a mapping.  If $classic_array is specified, its keys
+     * and values are used to populate the mapping.
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_Mapping($classic_array = null)
+    {
+        $this->keys = array();
+        $this->values = array();
+
+        if (is_array($classic_array)) {
+            foreach ($classic_array as $key => $value) {
+                $this->set($key, $value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if $thing is an Auth_OpenID_Mapping object; false
+     * if not.
+     */
+    static function isA($thing)
+    {
+        return (is_object($thing) &&
+                strtolower(get_class($thing)) == 'auth_openid_mapping');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of the keys in the mapping.
+     */
+    function keys()
+    {
+        return $this->keys;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of values in the mapping.
+     */
+    function values()
+    {
+        return $this->values;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of (key, value) pairs in the mapping.
+     */
+    function items()
+    {
+        $temp = array();
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->keys); $i++) {
+            $temp[] = array($this->keys[$i],
+                            $this->values[$i]);
+        }
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the "length" of the mapping, or the number of keys.
+     */
+    function len()
+    {
+        return count($this->keys);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a key-value pair in the mapping.  If the key already
+     * exists, its value is replaced with the new value.
+     */
+    function set($key, $value)
+    {
+        $index = array_search($key, $this->keys);
+
+        if ($index !== false) {
+            $this->values[$index] = $value;
+        } else {
+            $this->keys[] = $key;
+            $this->values[] = $value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets a specified value from the mapping, associated with the
+     * specified key.  If the key does not exist in the mapping,
+     * $default is returned instead.
+     */
+    function get($key, $default = null)
+    {
+        $index = array_search($key, $this->keys);
+
+        if ($index !== false) {
+            return $this->values[$index];
+        } else {
+            return $default;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _reflow()
+    {
+        // PHP is broken yet again.  Sort the arrays to remove the
+        // hole in the numeric indexes that make up the array.
+        $old_keys = $this->keys;
+        $old_values = $this->values;
+
+        $this->keys = array();
+        $this->values = array();
+
+        foreach ($old_keys as $k) {
+            $this->keys[] = $k;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($old_values as $v) {
+            $this->values[] = $v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes a key-value pair from the mapping with the specified
+     * key.
+     */
+    function del($key)
+    {
+        $index = array_search($key, $this->keys);
+
+        if ($index !== false) {
+            unset($this->keys[$index]);
+            unset($this->values[$index]);
+            $this->_reflow();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the specified value has a key in the mapping;
+     * false if not.
+     */
+    function contains($value)
+    {
+        return (array_search($value, $this->keys) !== false);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Maintains a bijective map between namespace uris and aliases.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_NamespaceMap {
+    function Auth_OpenID_NamespaceMap()
+    {
+        $this->alias_to_namespace = new Auth_OpenID_Mapping();
+        $this->namespace_to_alias = new Auth_OpenID_Mapping();
+        $this->implicit_namespaces = array();
+    }
+
+    function getAlias($namespace_uri)
+    {
+        return $this->namespace_to_alias->get($namespace_uri);
+    }
+
+    function getNamespaceURI($alias)
+    {
+        return $this->alias_to_namespace->get($alias);
+    }
+
+    function iterNamespaceURIs()
+    {
+        // Return an iterator over the namespace URIs
+        return $this->namespace_to_alias->keys();
+    }
+
+    function iterAliases()
+    {
+        // Return an iterator over the aliases"""
+        return $this->alias_to_namespace->keys();
+    }
+
+    function iteritems()
+    {
+        return $this->namespace_to_alias->items();
+    }
+
+    function isImplicit($namespace_uri)
+    {
+        return in_array($namespace_uri, $this->implicit_namespaces);
+    }
+
+    function addAlias($namespace_uri, $desired_alias, $implicit=false)
+    {
+        // Add an alias from this namespace URI to the desired alias
+        global $Auth_OpenID_OPENID_PROTOCOL_FIELDS;
+
+        // Check that desired_alias is not an openid protocol field as
+        // per the spec.
+        if (in_array($desired_alias, $Auth_OpenID_OPENID_PROTOCOL_FIELDS)) {
+            Auth_OpenID::log("\"%s\" is not an allowed namespace alias",
+                            $desired_alias);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Check that desired_alias does not contain a period as per
+        // the spec.
+        if (strpos($desired_alias, '.') !== false) {
+            Auth_OpenID::log('"%s" must not contain a dot', $desired_alias);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Check that there is not a namespace already defined for the
+        // desired alias
+        $current_namespace_uri =
+            $this->alias_to_namespace->get($desired_alias);
+
+        if (($current_namespace_uri !== null) &&
+            ($current_namespace_uri != $namespace_uri)) {
+            Auth_OpenID::log('Cannot map "%s" because previous mapping exists',
+                            $namespace_uri);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Check that there is not already a (different) alias for
+        // this namespace URI
+        $alias = $this->namespace_to_alias->get($namespace_uri);
+
+        if (($alias !== null) && ($alias != $desired_alias)) {
+            Auth_OpenID::log('Cannot map %s to alias %s. ' .
+                            'It is already mapped to alias %s',
+                            $namespace_uri, $desired_alias, $alias);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        assert((Auth_OpenID_NULL_NAMESPACE === $desired_alias) ||
+               is_string($desired_alias));
+
+        $this->alias_to_namespace->set($desired_alias, $namespace_uri);
+        $this->namespace_to_alias->set($namespace_uri, $desired_alias);
+        if ($implicit) {
+            array_push($this->implicit_namespaces, $namespace_uri);
+        }
+
+        return $desired_alias;
+    }
+
+    function add($namespace_uri)
+    {
+        // Add this namespace URI to the mapping, without caring what
+        // alias it ends up with
+
+        // See if this namespace is already mapped to an alias
+        $alias = $this->namespace_to_alias->get($namespace_uri);
+
+        if ($alias !== null) {
+            return $alias;
+        }
+
+        // Fall back to generating a numerical alias
+        $i = 0;
+        while (1) {
+            $alias = 'ext' . strval($i);
+            if ($this->addAlias($namespace_uri, $alias) === null) {
+                $i += 1;
+            } else {
+                return $alias;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Should NEVER be reached!
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    function contains($namespace_uri)
+    {
+        return $this->isDefined($namespace_uri);
+    }
+
+    function isDefined($namespace_uri)
+    {
+        return $this->namespace_to_alias->contains($namespace_uri);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * In the implementation of this object, null represents the global
+ * namespace as well as a namespace with no key.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_Message {
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_Message($openid_namespace = null)
+    {
+        // Create an empty Message
+        $this->allowed_openid_namespaces = array(
+                               Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS,
+                               Auth_OpenID_THE_OTHER_OPENID1_NS,
+                               Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS);
+
+        $this->args = new Auth_OpenID_Mapping();
+        $this->namespaces = new Auth_OpenID_NamespaceMap();
+        if ($openid_namespace === null) {
+            $this->_openid_ns_uri = null;
+        } else {
+            $implicit = Auth_OpenID_isOpenID1($openid_namespace);
+            $this->setOpenIDNamespace($openid_namespace, $implicit);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function isOpenID1()
+    {
+        return Auth_OpenID_isOpenID1($this->getOpenIDNamespace());
+    }
+
+    function isOpenID2()
+    {
+        return $this->getOpenIDNamespace() == Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS;
+    }
+
+    static function fromPostArgs($args)
+    {
+        // Construct a Message containing a set of POST arguments
+        $obj = new Auth_OpenID_Message();
+
+        // Partition into "openid." args and bare args
+        $openid_args = array();
+        foreach ($args as $key => $value) {
+
+            if (is_array($value)) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            $parts = explode('.', $key, 2);
+
+            if (count($parts) == 2) {
+                list($prefix, $rest) = $parts;
+            } else {
+                $prefix = null;
+            }
+
+            if ($prefix != 'openid') {
+                $obj->args->set(array(Auth_OpenID_BARE_NS, $key), $value);
+            } else {
+                $openid_args[$rest] = $value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($obj->_fromOpenIDArgs($openid_args)) {
+            return $obj;
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static function fromOpenIDArgs($openid_args)
+    {
+        // Takes an array.
+
+        // Construct a Message from a parsed KVForm message
+        $obj = new Auth_OpenID_Message();
+        if ($obj->_fromOpenIDArgs($openid_args)) {
+            return $obj;
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _fromOpenIDArgs($openid_args)
+    {
+        global $Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases;
+
+        // Takes an Auth_OpenID_Mapping instance OR an array.
+
+        if (!Auth_OpenID_Mapping::isA($openid_args)) {
+            $openid_args = new Auth_OpenID_Mapping($openid_args);
+        }
+
+        $ns_args = array();
+
+        // Resolve namespaces
+        foreach ($openid_args->items() as $pair) {
+            list($rest, $value) = $pair;
+
+            $parts = explode('.', $rest, 2);
+
+            if (count($parts) == 2) {
+                list($ns_alias, $ns_key) = $parts;
+            } else {
+                $ns_alias = Auth_OpenID_NULL_NAMESPACE;
+                $ns_key = $rest;
+            }
+
+            if ($ns_alias == 'ns') {
+                if ($this->namespaces->addAlias($value, $ns_key) === null) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            } else if (($ns_alias == Auth_OpenID_NULL_NAMESPACE) &&
+                       ($ns_key == 'ns')) {
+                // null namespace
+                if ($this->setOpenIDNamespace($value, false) === false) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $ns_args[] = array($ns_alias, $ns_key, $value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->getOpenIDNamespace()) {
+            if ($this->setOpenIDNamespace(Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_NS, true) ===
+                false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Actually put the pairs into the appropriate namespaces
+        foreach ($ns_args as $triple) {
+            list($ns_alias, $ns_key, $value) = $triple;
+            $ns_uri = $this->namespaces->getNamespaceURI($ns_alias);
+            if ($ns_uri === null) {
+                $ns_uri = $this->_getDefaultNamespace($ns_alias);
+                if ($ns_uri === null) {
+
+                    $ns_uri = Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS;
+                    $ns_key = sprintf('%s.%s', $ns_alias, $ns_key);
+                } else {
+                    $this->namespaces->addAlias($ns_uri, $ns_alias, true);
+                }
+            }
+
+            $this->setArg($ns_uri, $ns_key, $value);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function _getDefaultNamespace($mystery_alias)
+    {
+        global $Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases;
+        if ($this->isOpenID1()) {
+            return @$Auth_OpenID_registered_aliases[$mystery_alias];
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    function setOpenIDNamespace($openid_ns_uri, $implicit)
+    {
+        if (!in_array($openid_ns_uri, $this->allowed_openid_namespaces)) {
+            Auth_OpenID::log('Invalid null namespace: "%s"', $openid_ns_uri);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $succeeded = $this->namespaces->addAlias($openid_ns_uri,
+                                                 Auth_OpenID_NULL_NAMESPACE,
+                                                 $implicit);
+        if ($succeeded === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_openid_ns_uri = $openid_ns_uri;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function getOpenIDNamespace()
+    {
+        return $this->_openid_ns_uri;
+    }
+
+    static function fromKVForm($kvform_string)
+    {
+        // Create a Message from a KVForm string
+        return Auth_OpenID_Message::fromOpenIDArgs(
+                     Auth_OpenID_KVForm::toArray($kvform_string));
+    }
+
+    function copy()
+    {
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    function toPostArgs()
+    {
+        // Return all arguments with openid. in front of namespaced
+        // arguments.
+
+        $args = array();
+
+        // Add namespace definitions to the output
+        foreach ($this->namespaces->iteritems() as $pair) {
+            list($ns_uri, $alias) = $pair;
+            if ($this->namespaces->isImplicit($ns_uri)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if ($alias == Auth_OpenID_NULL_NAMESPACE) {
+                $ns_key = 'openid.ns';
+            } else {
+                $ns_key = 'openid.ns.' . $alias;
+            }
+            $args[$ns_key] = $ns_uri;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($this->args->items() as $pair) {
+            list($ns_parts, $value) = $pair;
+            list($ns_uri, $ns_key) = $ns_parts;
+            $key = $this->getKey($ns_uri, $ns_key);
+            $args[$key] = $value;
+        }
+
+        return $args;
+    }
+
+    function toArgs()
+    {
+        // Return all namespaced arguments, failing if any
+        // non-namespaced arguments exist.
+        $post_args = $this->toPostArgs();
+        $kvargs = array();
+        foreach ($post_args as $k => $v) {
+            if (strpos($k, 'openid.') !== 0) {
+                // raise ValueError(
+                //   'This message can only be encoded as a POST, because it '
+                //   'contains arguments that are not prefixed with "openid."')
+                return null;
+            } else {
+                $kvargs[substr($k, 7)] = $v;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $kvargs;
+    }
+
+    function toFormMarkup($action_url, $form_tag_attrs = null,
+                          $submit_text = "Continue")
+    {
+        $form = "<form accept-charset=\"UTF-8\" ".
+            "enctype=\"application/x-www-form-urlencoded\"";
+
+        if (!$form_tag_attrs) {
+            $form_tag_attrs = array();
+        }
+
+        $form_tag_attrs['action'] = $action_url;
+        $form_tag_attrs['method'] = 'post';
+
+        unset($form_tag_attrs['enctype']);
+        unset($form_tag_attrs['accept-charset']);
+
+        if ($form_tag_attrs) {
+            foreach ($form_tag_attrs as $name => $attr) {
+                $form .= sprintf(" %s=\"%s\"", $name, $attr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $form .= ">\n";
+
+        foreach ($this->toPostArgs() as $name => $value) {
+            $form .= sprintf(
+                        "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"%s\" value=\"%s\" />\n",
+                        $name, urldecode($value));
+        }
+
+        $form .= sprintf("<input type=\"submit\" value=\"%s\" />\n",
+                         $submit_text);
+
+        $form .= "</form>\n";
+
+        return $form;
+    }
+
+    function toURL($base_url)
+    {
+        // Generate a GET URL with the parameters in this message
+        // attached as query parameters.
+        return Auth_OpenID::appendArgs($base_url, $this->toPostArgs());
+    }
+
+    function toKVForm()
+    {
+        // Generate a KVForm string that contains the parameters in
+        // this message. This will fail if the message contains
+        // arguments outside of the 'openid.' prefix.
+        return Auth_OpenID_KVForm::fromArray($this->toArgs());
+    }
+
+    function toURLEncoded()
+    {
+        // Generate an x-www-urlencoded string
+        $args = array();
+
+        foreach ($this->toPostArgs() as $k => $v) {
+            $args[] = array($k, $v);
+        }
+
+        sort($args);
+        return Auth_OpenID::httpBuildQuery($args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _fixNS($namespace)
+    {
+        // Convert an input value into the internally used values of
+        // this object
+
+        if ($namespace == Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS) {
+            if ($this->_openid_ns_uri === null) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null,
+                    'OpenID namespace not set');
+            } else {
+                $namespace = $this->_openid_ns_uri;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (($namespace != Auth_OpenID_BARE_NS) &&
+              (!is_string($namespace))) {
+            //TypeError
+            $err_msg = sprintf("Namespace must be Auth_OpenID_BARE_NS, ".
+                              "Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS or a string. got %s",
+                              print_r($namespace, true));
+            return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null, $err_msg);
+        }
+
+        if (($namespace != Auth_OpenID_BARE_NS) &&
+            (strpos($namespace, ':') === false)) {
+            // fmt = 'OpenID 2.0 namespace identifiers SHOULD be URIs. Got %r'
+            // warnings.warn(fmt % (namespace,), DeprecationWarning)
+
+            if ($namespace == 'sreg') {
+                // fmt = 'Using %r instead of "sreg" as namespace'
+                // warnings.warn(fmt % (SREG_URI,), DeprecationWarning,)
+                return Auth_OpenID_SREG_URI;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $namespace;
+    }
+
+    function hasKey($namespace, $ns_key)
+    {
+        $namespace = $this->_fixNS($namespace);
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($namespace)) {
+            // XXX log me
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            return $this->args->contains(array($namespace, $ns_key));
+        }
+    }
+
+    function getKey($namespace, $ns_key)
+    {
+        // Get the key for a particular namespaced argument
+        $namespace = $this->_fixNS($namespace);
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($namespace)) {
+            return $namespace;
+        }
+        if ($namespace == Auth_OpenID_BARE_NS) {
+            return $ns_key;
+        }
+
+        $ns_alias = $this->namespaces->getAlias($namespace);
+
+        // No alias is defined, so no key can exist
+        if ($ns_alias === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if ($ns_alias == Auth_OpenID_NULL_NAMESPACE) {
+            $tail = $ns_key;
+        } else {
+            $tail = sprintf('%s.%s', $ns_alias, $ns_key);
+        }
+
+        return 'openid.' . $tail;
+    }
+
+    function getArg($namespace, $key, $default = null)
+    {
+        // Get a value for a namespaced key.
+        $namespace = $this->_fixNS($namespace);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($namespace)) {
+            return $namespace;
+        } else {
+            if ((!$this->args->contains(array($namespace, $key))) &&
+              ($default == Auth_OpenID_NO_DEFAULT)) {
+                $err_msg = sprintf("Namespace %s missing required field %s",
+                                   $namespace, $key);
+                return new Auth_OpenID_FailureResponse(null, $err_msg);
+            } else {
+                return $this->args->get(array($namespace, $key), $default);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    function getArgs($namespace)
+    {
+        // Get the arguments that are defined for this namespace URI
+
+        $namespace = $this->_fixNS($namespace);
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($namespace)) {
+            return $namespace;
+        } else {
+            $stuff = array();
+            foreach ($this->args->items() as $pair) {
+                list($key, $value) = $pair;
+                list($pair_ns, $ns_key) = $key;
+                if ($pair_ns == $namespace) {
+                    $stuff[$ns_key] = $value;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return $stuff;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function updateArgs($namespace, $updates)
+    {
+        // Set multiple key/value pairs in one call
+
+        $namespace = $this->_fixNS($namespace);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($namespace)) {
+            return $namespace;
+        } else {
+            foreach ($updates as $k => $v) {
+                $this->setArg($namespace, $k, $v);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function setArg($namespace, $key, $value)
+    {
+        // Set a single argument in this namespace
+        $namespace = $this->_fixNS($namespace);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($namespace)) {
+            return $namespace;
+        } else {
+            $this->args->set(array($namespace, $key), $value);
+            if ($namespace !== Auth_OpenID_BARE_NS) {
+                $this->namespaces->add($namespace);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function delArg($namespace, $key)
+    {
+        $namespace = $this->_fixNS($namespace);
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($namespace)) {
+            return $namespace;
+        } else {
+            return $this->args->del(array($namespace, $key));
+        }
+    }
+
+    function getAliasedArg($aliased_key, $default = null)
+    {
+        if ($aliased_key == 'ns') {
+            // Return the namespace URI for the OpenID namespace
+            return $this->getOpenIDNamespace();
+        }
+
+        $parts = explode('.', $aliased_key, 2);
+
+        if (count($parts) != 2) {
+            $ns = null;
+        } else {
+            list($alias, $key) = $parts;
+
+            if ($alias == 'ns') {
+              // Return the namespace URI for a namespace alias
+              // parameter.
+              return $this->namespaces->getNamespaceURI($key);
+            } else {
+              $ns = $this->namespaces->getNamespaceURI($alias);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($ns === null) {
+            $key = $aliased_key;
+            $ns = $this->getOpenIDNamespace();
+        }
+
+        return $this->getArg($ns, $key, $default);
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MySQLStore.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MySQLStore.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..810f059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/MySQLStore.php
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * A MySQL store.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Require the base class file.
+ */
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/SQLStore.php";
+
+/**
+ * An SQL store that uses MySQL as its backend.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_MySQLStore extends Auth_OpenID_SQLStore {
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function setSQL()
+    {
+        $this->sql['nonce_table'] =
+            "CREATE TABLE %s (\n".
+            "  server_url VARCHAR(2047) NOT NULL,\n".
+            "  timestamp INTEGER NOT NULL,\n".
+            "  salt CHAR(40) NOT NULL,\n".
+            "  UNIQUE (server_url(255), timestamp, salt)\n".
+            ") ENGINE=InnoDB";
+
+        $this->sql['assoc_table'] =
+            "CREATE TABLE %s (\n".
+            "  server_url BLOB NOT NULL,\n".
+            "  handle VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,\n".
+            "  secret BLOB NOT NULL,\n".
+            "  issued INTEGER NOT NULL,\n".
+            "  lifetime INTEGER NOT NULL,\n".
+            "  assoc_type VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,\n".
+            "  PRIMARY KEY (server_url(255), handle)\n".
+            ") ENGINE=InnoDB";
+
+        $this->sql['set_assoc'] =
+            "REPLACE INTO %s (server_url, handle, secret, issued,\n".
+            "  lifetime, assoc_type) VALUES (?, ?, !, ?, ?, ?)";
+
+        $this->sql['get_assocs'] =
+            "SELECT handle, secret, issued, lifetime, assoc_type FROM %s ".
+            "WHERE server_url = ?";
+
+        $this->sql['get_assoc'] =
+            "SELECT handle, secret, issued, lifetime, assoc_type FROM %s ".
+            "WHERE server_url = ? AND handle = ?";
+
+        $this->sql['remove_assoc'] =
+            "DELETE FROM %s WHERE server_url = ? AND handle = ?";
+
+        $this->sql['add_nonce'] =
+            "INSERT INTO %s (server_url, timestamp, salt) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
+
+        $this->sql['clean_nonce'] =
+            "DELETE FROM %s WHERE timestamp < ?";
+
+        $this->sql['clean_assoc'] =
+            "DELETE FROM %s WHERE issued + lifetime < ?";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function blobEncode($blob)
+    {
+        return "0x" . bin2hex($blob);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Nonce.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Nonce.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b83c591
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Nonce.php
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Nonce-related functionality.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Need CryptUtil to generate random strings.
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/CryptUtil.php';
+
+/**
+ * This is the characters that the nonces are made from.
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_Nonce_CHRS',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" .
+       "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789");
+
+// Keep nonces for five hours (allow five hours for the combination of
+// request time and clock skew). This is probably way more than is
+// necessary, but there is not much overhead in storing nonces.
+global $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+$Auth_OpenID_SKEW = 60 * 60 * 5;
+
+define('Auth_OpenID_Nonce_REGEX',
+       '/(\d{4})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)Z(.*)/');
+
+define('Auth_OpenID_Nonce_TIME_FMT',
+       '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ');
+
+function Auth_OpenID_splitNonce($nonce_string)
+{
+    // Extract a timestamp from the given nonce string
+    $result = preg_match(Auth_OpenID_Nonce_REGEX, $nonce_string, $matches);
+    if ($result != 1 || count($matches) != 8) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    list($unused,
+         $tm_year,
+         $tm_mon,
+         $tm_mday,
+         $tm_hour,
+         $tm_min,
+         $tm_sec,
+         $uniquifier) = $matches;
+
+    $timestamp =
+        @gmmktime($tm_hour, $tm_min, $tm_sec, $tm_mon, $tm_mday, $tm_year);
+
+    if ($timestamp === false || $timestamp < 0) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    return array($timestamp, $uniquifier);
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_checkTimestamp($nonce_string,
+                                    $allowed_skew = null,
+                                    $now = null)
+{
+    // Is the timestamp that is part of the specified nonce string
+    // within the allowed clock-skew of the current time?
+    global $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+
+    if ($allowed_skew === null) {
+        $allowed_skew = $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+    }
+
+    $parts = Auth_OpenID_splitNonce($nonce_string);
+    if ($parts == null) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if ($now === null) {
+        $now = time();
+    }
+
+    $stamp = $parts[0];
+
+    // Time after which we should not use the nonce
+    $past = $now - $allowed_skew;
+
+    // Time that is too far in the future for us to allow
+    $future = $now + $allowed_skew;
+
+    // the stamp is not too far in the future and is not too far
+    // in the past
+    return (($past <= $stamp) && ($stamp <= $future));
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_mkNonce($when = null)
+{
+    // Generate a nonce with the current timestamp
+    $salt = Auth_OpenID_CryptUtil::randomString(
+        6, Auth_OpenID_Nonce_CHRS);
+    if ($when === null) {
+        // It's safe to call time() with no arguments; it returns a
+        // GMT unix timestamp on PHP 4 and PHP 5.  gmmktime() with no
+        // args returns a local unix timestamp on PHP 4, so don't use
+        // that.
+        $when = time();
+    }
+    $time_str = gmstrftime(Auth_OpenID_Nonce_TIME_FMT, $when);
+    return $time_str . $salt;
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/PAPE.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/PAPE.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f08ca8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/PAPE.php
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of the OpenID Provider Authentication Policy
+ *  Extension 1.0
+ *
+ * See:
+ * http://openid.net/developers/specs/
+ */
+
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Extension.php";
+
+define('Auth_OpenID_PAPE_NS_URI',
+       "http://specs.openid.net/extensions/pape/1.0");
+
+define('PAPE_AUTH_MULTI_FACTOR_PHYSICAL',
+       'http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/multi-factor-physical');
+define('PAPE_AUTH_MULTI_FACTOR',
+       'http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/multi-factor');
+define('PAPE_AUTH_PHISHING_RESISTANT',
+       'http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/phishing-resistant');
+
+define('PAPE_TIME_VALIDATOR',
+      '/^[0-9]{4,4}-[0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]T[0-9][0-9]:[0-9][0-9]:[0-9][0-9]Z$/');
+/**
+ * A Provider Authentication Policy request, sent from a relying party
+ * to a provider
+ *
+ * preferred_auth_policies: The authentication policies that
+ * the relying party prefers
+ *
+ * max_auth_age: The maximum time, in seconds, that the relying party
+ * wants to allow to have elapsed before the user must re-authenticate
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_PAPE_Request extends Auth_OpenID_Extension {
+
+    var $ns_alias = 'pape';
+    var $ns_uri = Auth_OpenID_PAPE_NS_URI;
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_PAPE_Request($preferred_auth_policies=null,
+                                      $max_auth_age=null)
+    {
+        if ($preferred_auth_policies === null) {
+            $preferred_auth_policies = array();
+        }
+
+        $this->preferred_auth_policies = $preferred_auth_policies;
+        $this->max_auth_age = $max_auth_age;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add an acceptable authentication policy URI to this request
+     *
+     * This method is intended to be used by the relying party to add
+     * acceptable authentication types to the request.
+     *
+     * policy_uri: The identifier for the preferred type of
+     * authentication.
+     */
+    function addPolicyURI($policy_uri)
+    {
+        if (!in_array($policy_uri, $this->preferred_auth_policies)) {
+            $this->preferred_auth_policies[] = $policy_uri;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function getExtensionArgs()
+    {
+        $ns_args = array(
+                         'preferred_auth_policies' =>
+                           implode(' ', $this->preferred_auth_policies)
+                         );
+
+        if ($this->max_auth_age !== null) {
+            $ns_args['max_auth_age'] = strval($this->max_auth_age);
+        }
+
+        return $ns_args;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Instantiate a Request object from the arguments in a checkid_*
+     * OpenID message
+     */
+    static function fromOpenIDRequest($request)
+    {
+        $obj = new Auth_OpenID_PAPE_Request();
+        $args = $request->message->getArgs(Auth_OpenID_PAPE_NS_URI);
+
+        if ($args === null || $args === array()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $obj->parseExtensionArgs($args);
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the state of this request to be that expressed in these
+     * PAPE arguments
+     *
+     * @param args: The PAPE arguments without a namespace
+     */
+    function parseExtensionArgs($args)
+    {
+        // preferred_auth_policies is a space-separated list of policy
+        // URIs
+        $this->preferred_auth_policies = array();
+
+        $policies_str = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($args, 'preferred_auth_policies');
+        if ($policies_str) {
+            foreach (explode(' ', $policies_str) as $uri) {
+                if (!in_array($uri, $this->preferred_auth_policies)) {
+                    $this->preferred_auth_policies[] = $uri;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // max_auth_age is base-10 integer number of seconds
+        $max_auth_age_str = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($args, 'max_auth_age');
+        if ($max_auth_age_str) {
+            $this->max_auth_age = Auth_OpenID::intval($max_auth_age_str);
+        } else {
+            $this->max_auth_age = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a list of authentication policy URIs that a provider
+     * supports, this method returns the subsequence of those types
+     * that are preferred by the relying party.
+     *
+     * @param supported_types: A sequence of authentication policy
+     * type URIs that are supported by a provider
+     *
+     * @return array The sub-sequence of the supported types that are
+     * preferred by the relying party. This list will be ordered in
+     * the order that the types appear in the supported_types
+     * sequence, and may be empty if the provider does not prefer any
+     * of the supported authentication types.
+     */
+    function preferredTypes($supported_types)
+    {
+        $result = array();
+
+        foreach ($supported_types as $st) {
+            if (in_array($st, $this->preferred_auth_policies)) {
+                $result[] = $st;
+            }
+        }
+        return $result;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A Provider Authentication Policy response, sent from a provider to
+ * a relying party
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_PAPE_Response extends Auth_OpenID_Extension {
+
+    var $ns_alias = 'pape';
+    var $ns_uri = Auth_OpenID_PAPE_NS_URI;
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_PAPE_Response($auth_policies=null, $auth_time=null,
+                                       $nist_auth_level=null)
+    {
+        if ($auth_policies) {
+            $this->auth_policies = $auth_policies;
+        } else {
+            $this->auth_policies = array();
+        }
+
+        $this->auth_time = $auth_time;
+        $this->nist_auth_level = $nist_auth_level;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a authentication policy to this response
+     *
+     * This method is intended to be used by the provider to add a
+     * policy that the provider conformed to when authenticating the
+     * user.
+     *
+     * @param policy_uri: The identifier for the preferred type of
+     * authentication.
+     */
+    function addPolicyURI($policy_uri)
+    {
+        if (!in_array($policy_uri, $this->auth_policies)) {
+            $this->auth_policies[] = $policy_uri;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an Auth_OpenID_PAPE_Response object from a successful
+     * OpenID library response.
+     *
+     * @param success_response $success_response A SuccessResponse
+     * from Auth_OpenID_Consumer::complete()
+     *
+     * @returns: A provider authentication policy response from the
+     * data that was supplied with the id_res response.
+     */
+    static function fromSuccessResponse($success_response)
+    {
+        $obj = new Auth_OpenID_PAPE_Response();
+
+        // PAPE requires that the args be signed.
+        $args = $success_response->getSignedNS(Auth_OpenID_PAPE_NS_URI);
+
+        if ($args === null || $args === array()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $result = $obj->parseExtensionArgs($args);
+
+        if ($result === false) {
+            return null;
+        } else {
+            return $obj;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse the provider authentication policy arguments into the
+     *  internal state of this object
+     *
+     * @param args: unqualified provider authentication policy
+     * arguments
+     *
+     * @param strict: Whether to return false when bad data is
+     * encountered
+     *
+     * @return null The data is parsed into the internal fields of
+     * this object.
+    */
+    function parseExtensionArgs($args, $strict=false)
+    {
+        $policies_str = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($args, 'auth_policies');
+        if ($policies_str && $policies_str != "none") {
+            $this->auth_policies = explode(" ", $policies_str);
+        }
+
+        $nist_level_str = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($args, 'nist_auth_level');
+        if ($nist_level_str !== null) {
+            $nist_level = Auth_OpenID::intval($nist_level_str);
+
+            if ($nist_level === false) {
+                if ($strict) {
+                    return false;
+                } else {
+                    $nist_level = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (0 <= $nist_level && $nist_level < 5) {
+                $this->nist_auth_level = $nist_level;
+            } else if ($strict) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $auth_time = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($args, 'auth_time');
+        if ($auth_time !== null) {
+            if (preg_match(PAPE_TIME_VALIDATOR, $auth_time)) {
+                $this->auth_time = $auth_time;
+            } else if ($strict) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    function getExtensionArgs()
+    {
+        $ns_args = array();
+        if (count($this->auth_policies) > 0) {
+            $ns_args['auth_policies'] = implode(' ', $this->auth_policies);
+        } else {
+            $ns_args['auth_policies'] = 'none';
+        }
+
+        if ($this->nist_auth_level !== null) {
+            if (!in_array($this->nist_auth_level, range(0, 4), true)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $ns_args['nist_auth_level'] = strval($this->nist_auth_level);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->auth_time !== null) {
+            if (!preg_match(PAPE_TIME_VALIDATOR, $this->auth_time)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $ns_args['auth_time'] = $this->auth_time;
+        }
+
+        return $ns_args;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Parse.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Parse.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c81cb01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Parse.php
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This module implements a VERY limited parser that finds <link> tags
+ * in the head of HTML or XHTML documents and parses out their
+ * attributes according to the OpenID spec. It is a liberal parser,
+ * but it requires these things from the data in order to work:
+ *
+ * - There must be an open <html> tag
+ *
+ * - There must be an open <head> tag inside of the <html> tag
+ *
+ * - Only <link>s that are found inside of the <head> tag are parsed
+ *   (this is by design)
+ *
+ * - The parser follows the OpenID specification in resolving the
+ *   attributes of the link tags. This means that the attributes DO
+ *   NOT get resolved as they would by an XML or HTML parser. In
+ *   particular, only certain entities get replaced, and href
+ *   attributes do not get resolved relative to a base URL.
+ *
+ * From http://openid.net/specs.bml:
+ *
+ * - The openid.server URL MUST be an absolute URL. OpenID consumers
+ *   MUST NOT attempt to resolve relative URLs.
+ *
+ * - The openid.server URL MUST NOT include entities other than &amp;,
+ *   &lt;, &gt;, and &quot;.
+ *
+ * The parser ignores SGML comments and <![CDATA[blocks]]>. Both kinds
+ * of quoting are allowed for attributes.
+ *
+ * The parser deals with invalid markup in these ways:
+ *
+ * - Tag names are not case-sensitive
+ *
+ * - The <html> tag is accepted even when it is not at the top level
+ *
+ * - The <head> tag is accepted even when it is not a direct child of
+ *   the <html> tag, but a <html> tag must be an ancestor of the
+ *   <head> tag
+ *
+ * - <link> tags are accepted even when they are not direct children
+ *   of the <head> tag, but a <head> tag must be an ancestor of the
+ *   <link> tag
+ *
+ * - If there is no closing tag for an open <html> or <head> tag, the
+ *   remainder of the document is viewed as being inside of the
+ *   tag. If there is no closing tag for a <link> tag, the link tag is
+ *   treated as a short tag. Exceptions to this rule are that <html>
+ *   closes <html> and <body> or <head> closes <head>
+ *
+ * - Attributes of the <link> tag are not required to be quoted.
+ *
+ * - In the case of duplicated attribute names, the attribute coming
+ *   last in the tag will be the value returned.
+ *
+ * - Any text that does not parse as an attribute within a link tag
+ *   will be ignored. (e.g. <link pumpkin rel='openid.server' /> will
+ *   ignore pumpkin)
+ *
+ * - If there are more than one <html> or <head> tag, the parser only
+ *   looks inside of the first one.
+ *
+ * - The contents of <script> tags are ignored entirely, except
+ *   unclosed <script> tags. Unclosed <script> tags are ignored.
+ *
+ * - Any other invalid markup is ignored, including unclosed SGML
+ *   comments and unclosed <![CDATA[blocks.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Require Auth_OpenID::arrayGet().
+ */
+require_once "Auth/OpenID.php";
+
+class Auth_OpenID_Parse {
+
+    /**
+     * Specify some flags for use with regex matching.
+     */
+    var $_re_flags = "si";
+
+    /**
+     * Stuff to remove before we start looking for tags
+     */
+    var $_removed_re =
+           "<!--.*?-->|<!\[CDATA\[.*?\]\]>|<script\b(?!:)[^>]*>.*?<\/script>";
+
+    /**
+     * Starts with the tag name at a word boundary, where the tag name
+     * is not a namespace
+     */
+    var $_tag_expr = "<%s\b(?!:)([^>]*?)(?:\/>|>(.*)(?:<\/?%s\s*>|\Z))";
+
+    var $_attr_find = '\b(\w+)=("[^"]*"|\'[^\']*\'|[^\'"\s\/<>]+)';
+
+    var $_open_tag_expr = "<%s\b";
+    var $_close_tag_expr = "<((\/%s\b)|(%s[^>\/]*\/))>";
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_Parse()
+    {
+        $this->_link_find = sprintf("/<link\b(?!:)([^>]*)(?!<)>/%s",
+                                    $this->_re_flags);
+
+        $this->_entity_replacements = array(
+                                            'amp' => '&',
+                                            'lt' => '<',
+                                            'gt' => '>',
+                                            'quot' => '"'
+                                            );
+
+        $this->_attr_find = sprintf("/%s/%s",
+                                    $this->_attr_find,
+                                    $this->_re_flags);
+
+        $this->_removed_re = sprintf("/%s/%s",
+                                     $this->_removed_re,
+                                     $this->_re_flags);
+
+        $this->_ent_replace =
+            sprintf("&(%s);", implode("|",
+                                      $this->_entity_replacements));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a regular expression that will match a given tag in an
+     * SGML string.
+     */
+    function tagMatcher($tag_name, $close_tags = null)
+    {
+        $expr = $this->_tag_expr;
+
+        if ($close_tags) {
+            $options = implode("|", array_merge(array($tag_name), $close_tags));
+            $closer = sprintf("(?:%s)", $options);
+        } else {
+            $closer = $tag_name;
+        }
+
+        $expr = sprintf($expr, $tag_name, $closer);
+        return sprintf("/%s/%s", $expr, $this->_re_flags);
+    }
+
+    function openTag($tag_name)
+    {
+        $expr = sprintf($this->_open_tag_expr, $tag_name);
+        return sprintf("/%s/%s", $expr, $this->_re_flags);
+    }
+
+    function closeTag($tag_name)
+    {
+        $expr = sprintf($this->_close_tag_expr, $tag_name, $tag_name);
+        return sprintf("/%s/%s", $expr, $this->_re_flags);
+    }
+
+    function htmlBegin($s)
+    {
+        $matches = array();
+        $result = preg_match($this->openTag('html'), $s,
+                             $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
+        if ($result === false || !$matches) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Return the offset of the first match.
+        return $matches[0][1];
+    }
+
+    function htmlEnd($s)
+    {
+        $matches = array();
+        $result = preg_match($this->closeTag('html'), $s,
+                             $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
+        if ($result === false || !$matches) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Return the offset of the first match.
+        return $matches[count($matches) - 1][1];
+    }
+
+    function headFind()
+    {
+        return $this->tagMatcher('head', array('body', 'html'));
+    }
+
+    function replaceEntities($str)
+    {
+        foreach ($this->_entity_replacements as $old => $new) {
+            $str = preg_replace(sprintf("/&%s;/", $old), $new, $str);
+        }
+        return $str;
+    }
+
+    function removeQuotes($str)
+    {
+        $matches = array();
+        $double = '/^"(.*)"$/';
+        $single = "/^\'(.*)\'$/";
+
+        if (preg_match($double, $str, $matches)) {
+            return $matches[1];
+        } else if (preg_match($single, $str, $matches)) {
+            return $matches[1];
+        } else {
+            return $str;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    function match($regexp, $text, &$match)
+    {
+        if (!is_callable('mb_ereg_search_init')) {
+            return preg_match($regexp, $text, $match);
+        }
+
+        $regexp = substr($regexp, 1, strlen($regexp) - 2 - strlen($this->_re_flags));
+        mb_ereg_search_init($text);
+        if (!mb_ereg_search($regexp)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $match = mb_ereg_search_getregs();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find all link tags in a string representing a HTML document and
+     * return a list of their attributes.
+     *
+     * @todo This is quite ineffective and may fail with the default
+     *       pcre.backtrack_limit of 100000 in PHP 5.2, if $html is big.
+     *       It should rather use stripos (in PHP5) or strpos()+strtoupper()
+     *       in PHP4 to manage this.
+     *
+     * @param string $html The text to parse
+     * @return array $list An array of arrays of attributes, one for each
+     * link tag
+     */
+    function parseLinkAttrs($html)
+    {
+        $stripped = preg_replace($this->_removed_re,
+                                 "",
+                                 $html);
+
+        $html_begin = $this->htmlBegin($stripped);
+        $html_end = $this->htmlEnd($stripped);
+
+        if ($html_begin === false) {
+            return array();
+        }
+
+        if ($html_end === false) {
+            $html_end = strlen($stripped);
+        }
+
+        $stripped = substr($stripped, $html_begin,
+                           $html_end - $html_begin);
+
+        // Workaround to prevent PREG_BACKTRACK_LIMIT_ERROR:
+        $old_btlimit = ini_set( 'pcre.backtrack_limit', -1 );
+
+        // Try to find the <HEAD> tag.
+        $head_re = $this->headFind();
+        $head_match = array();
+        if (!$this->match($head_re, $stripped, $head_match)) {
+                     ini_set( 'pcre.backtrack_limit', $old_btlimit );
+                     return array();
+        }
+
+        $link_data = array();
+        $link_matches = array();
+
+        if (!preg_match_all($this->_link_find, $head_match[0],
+                            $link_matches)) {
+            ini_set( 'pcre.backtrack_limit', $old_btlimit );
+            return array();
+        }
+
+        foreach ($link_matches[0] as $link) {
+            $attr_matches = array();
+            preg_match_all($this->_attr_find, $link, $attr_matches);
+            $link_attrs = array();
+            foreach ($attr_matches[0] as $index => $full_match) {
+                $name = $attr_matches[1][$index];
+                $value = $this->replaceEntities(
+                              $this->removeQuotes($attr_matches[2][$index]));
+
+                $link_attrs[strtolower($name)] = $value;
+            }
+            $link_data[] = $link_attrs;
+        }
+
+        ini_set( 'pcre.backtrack_limit', $old_btlimit );
+        return $link_data;
+    }
+
+    function relMatches($rel_attr, $target_rel)
+    {
+        // Does this target_rel appear in the rel_str?
+        // XXX: TESTME
+        $rels = preg_split("/\s+/", trim($rel_attr));
+        foreach ($rels as $rel) {
+            $rel = strtolower($rel);
+            if ($rel == $target_rel) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    function linkHasRel($link_attrs, $target_rel)
+    {
+        // Does this link have target_rel as a relationship?
+        // XXX: TESTME
+        $rel_attr = Auth_OpeniD::arrayGet($link_attrs, 'rel', null);
+        return ($rel_attr && $this->relMatches($rel_attr,
+                                               $target_rel));
+    }
+
+    function findLinksRel($link_attrs_list, $target_rel)
+    {
+        // Filter the list of link attributes on whether it has
+        // target_rel as a relationship.
+        // XXX: TESTME
+        $result = array();
+        foreach ($link_attrs_list as $attr) {
+            if ($this->linkHasRel($attr, $target_rel)) {
+                $result[] = $attr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    function findFirstHref($link_attrs_list, $target_rel)
+    {
+        // Return the value of the href attribute for the first link
+        // tag in the list that has target_rel as a relationship.
+        // XXX: TESTME
+        $matches = $this->findLinksRel($link_attrs_list,
+                                       $target_rel);
+        if (!$matches) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        $first = $matches[0];
+        return Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($first, 'href', null);
+    }
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_legacy_discover($html_text, $server_rel,
+                                     $delegate_rel)
+{
+    $p = new Auth_OpenID_Parse();
+
+    $link_attrs = $p->parseLinkAttrs($html_text);
+
+    $server_url = $p->findFirstHref($link_attrs,
+                                    $server_rel);
+
+    if ($server_url === null) {
+        return false;
+    } else {
+        $delegate_url = $p->findFirstHref($link_attrs,
+                                          $delegate_rel);
+        return array($delegate_url, $server_url);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/PostgreSQLStore.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/PostgreSQLStore.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d90e43e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/PostgreSQLStore.php
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * A PostgreSQL store.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Require the base class file.
+ */
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/SQLStore.php";
+
+/**
+ * An SQL store that uses PostgreSQL as its backend.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_PostgreSQLStore extends Auth_OpenID_SQLStore {
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function setSQL()
+    {
+        $this->sql['nonce_table'] =
+            "CREATE TABLE %s (server_url VARCHAR(2047) NOT NULL, ".
+                             "timestamp INTEGER NOT NULL, ".
+                             "salt CHAR(40) NOT NULL, ".
+                "UNIQUE (server_url, timestamp, salt))";
+
+        $this->sql['assoc_table'] =
+            "CREATE TABLE %s (server_url VARCHAR(2047) NOT NULL, ". 
+                             "handle VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, ".
+                             "secret BYTEA NOT NULL, ".
+                             "issued INTEGER NOT NULL, ".
+                             "lifetime INTEGER NOT NULL, ".
+                             "assoc_type VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL, ".
+            "PRIMARY KEY (server_url, handle), ".
+            "CONSTRAINT secret_length_constraint CHECK ".
+            "(LENGTH(secret) <= 128))";
+
+        $this->sql['set_assoc'] =
+            array(
+                  'insert_assoc' => "INSERT INTO %s (server_url, handle, ".
+                  "secret, issued, lifetime, assoc_type) VALUES ".
+                  "(?, ?, '!', ?, ?, ?)",
+                  'update_assoc' => "UPDATE %s SET secret = '!', issued = ?, ".
+                  "lifetime = ?, assoc_type = ? WHERE server_url = ? AND ".
+                  "handle = ?"
+                  );
+
+        $this->sql['get_assocs'] =
+            "SELECT handle, secret, issued, lifetime, assoc_type FROM %s ".
+            "WHERE server_url = ?";
+
+        $this->sql['get_assoc'] =
+            "SELECT handle, secret, issued, lifetime, assoc_type FROM %s ".
+            "WHERE server_url = ? AND handle = ?";
+
+        $this->sql['remove_assoc'] =
+            "DELETE FROM %s WHERE server_url = ? AND handle = ?";
+
+        $this->sql['add_nonce'] =
+                  "INSERT INTO %s (server_url, timestamp, salt) VALUES ".
+                  "(?, ?, ?)"
+                  ;
+
+        $this->sql['clean_nonce'] =
+            "DELETE FROM %s WHERE timestamp < ?";
+
+        $this->sql['clean_assoc'] =
+            "DELETE FROM %s WHERE issued + lifetime < ?";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _set_assoc($server_url, $handle, $secret, $issued, $lifetime,
+                        $assoc_type)
+    {
+        $result = $this->_get_assoc($server_url, $handle);
+        if ($result) {
+            // Update the table since this associations already exists.
+            $this->connection->query($this->sql['set_assoc']['update_assoc'],
+                                     array($secret, $issued, $lifetime,
+                                           $assoc_type, $server_url, $handle));
+        } else {
+            // Insert a new record because this association wasn't
+            // found.
+            $this->connection->query($this->sql['set_assoc']['insert_assoc'],
+                                     array($server_url, $handle, $secret,
+                                           $issued, $lifetime, $assoc_type));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function blobEncode($blob)
+    {
+        return $this->_octify($blob);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function blobDecode($blob)
+    {
+        return $this->_unoctify($blob);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SQLStore.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SQLStore.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c040597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SQLStore.php
@@ -0,0 +1,557 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * SQL-backed OpenID stores.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Interface.php';
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Nonce.php';
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID.php';
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Nonce.php';
+
+/**
+ * This is the parent class for the SQL stores, which contains the
+ * logic common to all of the SQL stores.
+ *
+ * The table names used are determined by the class variables
+ * associations_table_name and nonces_table_name.  To change the name
+ * of the tables used, pass new table names into the constructor.
+ *
+ * To create the tables with the proper schema, see the createTables
+ * method.
+ *
+ * This class shouldn't be used directly.  Use one of its subclasses
+ * instead, as those contain the code necessary to use a specific
+ * database.  If you're an OpenID integrator and you'd like to create
+ * an SQL-driven store that wraps an application's database
+ * abstraction, be sure to create a subclass of
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_DatabaseConnection} that calls the application's
+ * database abstraction calls.  Then, pass an instance of your new
+ * database connection class to your SQLStore subclass constructor.
+ *
+ * All methods other than the constructor and createTables should be
+ * considered implementation details.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_SQLStore extends Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore {
+
+    /**
+     * This creates a new SQLStore instance.  It requires an
+     * established database connection be given to it, and it allows
+     * overriding the default table names.
+     *
+     * @param connection $connection This must be an established
+     * connection to a database of the correct type for the SQLStore
+     * subclass you're using.  This must either be an PEAR DB
+     * connection handle or an instance of a subclass of
+     * Auth_OpenID_DatabaseConnection.
+     *
+     * @param associations_table: This is an optional parameter to
+     * specify the name of the table used for storing associations.
+     * The default value is 'oid_associations'.
+     *
+     * @param nonces_table: This is an optional parameter to specify
+     * the name of the table used for storing nonces.  The default
+     * value is 'oid_nonces'.
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_SQLStore($connection,
+                                  $associations_table = null,
+                                  $nonces_table = null)
+    {
+        $this->associations_table_name = "oid_associations";
+        $this->nonces_table_name = "oid_nonces";
+
+        // Check the connection object type to be sure it's a PEAR
+        // database connection.
+        if (!(is_object($connection) &&
+              (is_subclass_of($connection, 'db_common') ||
+               is_subclass_of($connection,
+                              'auth_openid_databaseconnection')))) {
+            trigger_error("Auth_OpenID_SQLStore expected PEAR connection " .
+                          "object (got ".get_class($connection).")",
+                          E_USER_ERROR);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->connection = $connection;
+
+        // Be sure to set the fetch mode so the results are keyed on
+        // column name instead of column index.  This is a PEAR
+        // constant, so only try to use it if PEAR is present.  Note
+        // that Auth_Openid_Databaseconnection instances need not
+        // implement ::setFetchMode for this reason.
+        if (is_subclass_of($this->connection, 'db_common')) {
+            $this->connection->setFetchMode(DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC);
+        }
+
+        if ($associations_table) {
+            $this->associations_table_name = $associations_table;
+        }
+
+        if ($nonces_table) {
+            $this->nonces_table_name = $nonces_table;
+        }
+
+        $this->max_nonce_age = 6 * 60 * 60;
+
+        // Be sure to run the database queries with auto-commit mode
+        // turned OFF, because we want every function to run in a
+        // transaction, implicitly.  As a rule, methods named with a
+        // leading underscore will NOT control transaction behavior.
+        // Callers of these methods will worry about transactions.
+        $this->connection->autoCommit(false);
+
+        // Create an empty SQL strings array.
+        $this->sql = array();
+
+        // Call this method (which should be overridden by subclasses)
+        // to populate the $this->sql array with SQL strings.
+        $this->setSQL();
+
+        // Verify that all required SQL statements have been set, and
+        // raise an error if any expected SQL strings were either
+        // absent or empty.
+        list($missing, $empty) = $this->_verifySQL();
+
+        if ($missing) {
+            trigger_error("Expected keys in SQL query list: " .
+                          implode(", ", $missing),
+                          E_USER_ERROR);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($empty) {
+            trigger_error("SQL list keys have no SQL strings: " .
+                          implode(", ", $empty),
+                          E_USER_ERROR);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Add table names to queries.
+        $this->_fixSQL();
+    }
+
+    function tableExists($table_name)
+    {
+        return !$this->isError(
+                      $this->connection->query(
+                          sprintf("SELECT * FROM %s LIMIT 0",
+                                  $table_name)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if $value constitutes a database error; returns
+     * false otherwise.
+     */
+    function isError($value)
+    {
+        return PEAR::isError($value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a query result to a boolean.  If the result is a
+     * database error according to $this->isError(), this returns
+     * false; otherwise, this returns true.
+     */
+    function resultToBool($obj)
+    {
+        if ($this->isError($obj)) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method should be overridden by subclasses.  This method is
+     * called by the constructor to set values in $this->sql, which is
+     * an array keyed on sql name.
+     */
+    function setSQL()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resets the store by removing all records from the store's
+     * tables.
+     */
+    function reset()
+    {
+        $this->connection->query(sprintf("DELETE FROM %s",
+                                         $this->associations_table_name));
+
+        $this->connection->query(sprintf("DELETE FROM %s",
+                                         $this->nonces_table_name));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _verifySQL()
+    {
+        $missing = array();
+        $empty = array();
+
+        $required_sql_keys = array(
+                                   'nonce_table',
+                                   'assoc_table',
+                                   'set_assoc',
+                                   'get_assoc',
+                                   'get_assocs',
+                                   'remove_assoc'
+                                   );
+
+        foreach ($required_sql_keys as $key) {
+            if (!array_key_exists($key, $this->sql)) {
+                $missing[] = $key;
+            } else if (!$this->sql[$key]) {
+                $empty[] = $key;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return array($missing, $empty);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _fixSQL()
+    {
+        $replacements = array(
+                              array(
+                                    'value' => $this->nonces_table_name,
+                                    'keys' => array('nonce_table',
+                                                    'add_nonce',
+                                                    'clean_nonce')
+                                    ),
+                              array(
+                                    'value' => $this->associations_table_name,
+                                    'keys' => array('assoc_table',
+                                                    'set_assoc',
+                                                    'get_assoc',
+                                                    'get_assocs',
+                                                    'remove_assoc',
+                                                    'clean_assoc')
+                                    )
+                              );
+
+        foreach ($replacements as $item) {
+            $value = $item['value'];
+            $keys = $item['keys'];
+
+            foreach ($keys as $k) {
+                if (is_array($this->sql[$k])) {
+                    foreach ($this->sql[$k] as $part_key => $part_value) {
+                        $this->sql[$k][$part_key] = sprintf($part_value,
+                                                            $value);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $this->sql[$k] = sprintf($this->sql[$k], $value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    function blobDecode($blob)
+    {
+        return $blob;
+    }
+
+    function blobEncode($str)
+    {
+        return $str;
+    }
+
+    function createTables()
+    {
+        $this->connection->autoCommit(true);
+        $n = $this->create_nonce_table();
+        $a = $this->create_assoc_table();
+        $this->connection->autoCommit(false);
+
+        if ($n && $a) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function create_nonce_table()
+    {
+        if (!$this->tableExists($this->nonces_table_name)) {
+            $r = $this->connection->query($this->sql['nonce_table']);
+            return $this->resultToBool($r);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function create_assoc_table()
+    {
+        if (!$this->tableExists($this->associations_table_name)) {
+            $r = $this->connection->query($this->sql['assoc_table']);
+            return $this->resultToBool($r);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _set_assoc($server_url, $handle, $secret, $issued,
+                        $lifetime, $assoc_type)
+    {
+        return $this->connection->query($this->sql['set_assoc'],
+                                        array(
+                                              $server_url,
+                                              $handle,
+                                              $secret,
+                                              $issued,
+                                              $lifetime,
+                                              $assoc_type));
+    }
+
+    function storeAssociation($server_url, $association)
+    {
+        if ($this->resultToBool($this->_set_assoc(
+                                            $server_url,
+                                            $association->handle,
+                                            $this->blobEncode(
+                                                  $association->secret),
+                                            $association->issued,
+                                            $association->lifetime,
+                                            $association->assoc_type
+                                            ))) {
+            $this->connection->commit();
+        } else {
+            $this->connection->rollback();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_assoc($server_url, $handle)
+    {
+        $result = $this->connection->getRow($this->sql['get_assoc'],
+                                            array($server_url, $handle));
+        if ($this->isError($result)) {
+            return null;
+        } else {
+            return $result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_assocs($server_url)
+    {
+        $result = $this->connection->getAll($this->sql['get_assocs'],
+                                            array($server_url));
+
+        if ($this->isError($result)) {
+            return array();
+        } else {
+            return $result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function removeAssociation($server_url, $handle)
+    {
+        if ($this->_get_assoc($server_url, $handle) == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->resultToBool($this->connection->query(
+                              $this->sql['remove_assoc'],
+                              array($server_url, $handle)))) {
+            $this->connection->commit();
+        } else {
+            $this->connection->rollback();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function getAssociation($server_url, $handle = null)
+    {
+        if ($handle !== null) {
+            $assoc = $this->_get_assoc($server_url, $handle);
+
+            $assocs = array();
+            if ($assoc) {
+                $assocs[] = $assoc;
+            }
+        } else {
+            $assocs = $this->_get_assocs($server_url);
+        }
+
+        if (!$assocs || (count($assocs) == 0)) {
+            return null;
+        } else {
+            $associations = array();
+
+            foreach ($assocs as $assoc_row) {
+                $assoc = new Auth_OpenID_Association($assoc_row['handle'],
+                                                     $assoc_row['secret'],
+                                                     $assoc_row['issued'],
+                                                     $assoc_row['lifetime'],
+                                                     $assoc_row['assoc_type']);
+
+                $assoc->secret = $this->blobDecode($assoc->secret);
+
+                if ($assoc->getExpiresIn() == 0) {
+                    $this->removeAssociation($server_url, $assoc->handle);
+                } else {
+                    $associations[] = array($assoc->issued, $assoc);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ($associations) {
+                $issued = array();
+                $assocs = array();
+                foreach ($associations as $key => $assoc) {
+                    $issued[$key] = $assoc[0];
+                    $assocs[$key] = $assoc[1];
+                }
+
+                array_multisort($issued, SORT_DESC, $assocs, SORT_DESC,
+                                $associations);
+
+                // return the most recently issued one.
+                list($issued, $assoc) = $associations[0];
+                return $assoc;
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _add_nonce($server_url, $timestamp, $salt)
+    {
+        $sql = $this->sql['add_nonce'];
+        $result = $this->connection->query($sql, array($server_url,
+                                                       $timestamp,
+                                                       $salt));
+        if ($this->isError($result)) {
+            $this->connection->rollback();
+        } else {
+            $this->connection->commit();
+        }
+        return $this->resultToBool($result);
+    }
+
+    function useNonce($server_url, $timestamp, $salt)
+    {
+        global $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+
+        if ( abs($timestamp - time()) > $Auth_OpenID_SKEW ) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_add_nonce($server_url, $timestamp, $salt);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * "Octifies" a binary string by returning a string with escaped
+     * octal bytes.  This is used for preparing binary data for
+     * PostgreSQL BYTEA fields.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _octify($str)
+    {
+        $result = "";
+        for ($i = 0; $i < Auth_OpenID::bytes($str); $i++) {
+            $ch = substr($str, $i, 1);
+            if ($ch == "\\") {
+                $result .= "\\\\\\\\";
+            } else if (ord($ch) == 0) {
+                $result .= "\\\\000";
+            } else {
+                $result .= "\\" . strval(decoct(ord($ch)));
+            }
+        }
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * "Unoctifies" octal-escaped data from PostgreSQL and returns the
+     * resulting ASCII (possibly binary) string.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _unoctify($str)
+    {
+        $result = "";
+        $i = 0;
+        while ($i < strlen($str)) {
+            $char = $str[$i];
+            if ($char == "\\") {
+                // Look to see if the next char is a backslash and
+                // append it.
+                if ($str[$i + 1] != "\\") {
+                    $octal_digits = substr($str, $i + 1, 3);
+                    $dec = octdec($octal_digits);
+                    $char = chr($dec);
+                    $i += 4;
+                } else {
+                    $char = "\\";
+                    $i += 2;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $i += 1;
+            }
+
+            $result .= $char;
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    function cleanupNonces()
+    {
+        global $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+        $v = time() - $Auth_OpenID_SKEW;
+
+        $this->connection->query($this->sql['clean_nonce'], array($v));
+        $num = $this->connection->affectedRows();
+        $this->connection->commit();
+        return $num;
+    }
+
+    function cleanupAssociations()
+    {
+        $this->connection->query($this->sql['clean_assoc'],
+                                 array(time()));
+        $num = $this->connection->affectedRows();
+        $this->connection->commit();
+        return $num;
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SQLiteStore.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SQLiteStore.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4558fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SQLiteStore.php
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * An SQLite store.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Require the base class file.
+ */
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/SQLStore.php";
+
+/**
+ * An SQL store that uses SQLite as its backend.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_SQLiteStore extends Auth_OpenID_SQLStore {
+    function setSQL()
+    {
+        $this->sql['nonce_table'] =
+            "CREATE TABLE %s (server_url VARCHAR(2047), timestamp INTEGER, ".
+            "salt CHAR(40), UNIQUE (server_url, timestamp, salt))";
+
+        $this->sql['assoc_table'] =
+            "CREATE TABLE %s (server_url VARCHAR(2047), handle VARCHAR(255), ".
+            "secret BLOB(128), issued INTEGER, lifetime INTEGER, ".
+            "assoc_type VARCHAR(64), PRIMARY KEY (server_url, handle))";
+
+        $this->sql['set_assoc'] =
+            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO %s VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
+
+        $this->sql['get_assocs'] =
+            "SELECT handle, secret, issued, lifetime, assoc_type FROM %s ".
+            "WHERE server_url = ?";
+
+        $this->sql['get_assoc'] =
+            "SELECT handle, secret, issued, lifetime, assoc_type FROM %s ".
+            "WHERE server_url = ? AND handle = ?";
+
+        $this->sql['remove_assoc'] =
+            "DELETE FROM %s WHERE server_url = ? AND handle = ?";
+
+        $this->sql['add_nonce'] =
+            "INSERT INTO %s (server_url, timestamp, salt) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
+
+        $this->sql['clean_nonce'] =
+            "DELETE FROM %s WHERE timestamp < ?";
+
+        $this->sql['clean_assoc'] =
+            "DELETE FROM %s WHERE issued + lifetime < ?";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _add_nonce($server_url, $timestamp, $salt)
+    {
+        // PECL SQLite extensions 1.0.3 and older (1.0.3 is the
+        // current release at the time of this writing) have a broken
+        // sqlite_escape_string function that breaks when passed the
+        // empty string. Prefixing all strings with one character
+        // keeps them unique and avoids this bug. The nonce table is
+        // write-only, so we don't have to worry about updating other
+        // functions with this same bad hack.
+        return parent::_add_nonce('x' . $server_url, $timestamp, $salt);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SReg.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SReg.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ece707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/SReg.php
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Simple registration request and response parsing and object
+ * representation.
+ *
+ * This module contains objects representing simple registration
+ * requests and responses that can be used with both OpenID relying
+ * parties and OpenID providers.
+ *
+ * 1. The relying party creates a request object and adds it to the
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_AuthRequest} object before making the
+ * checkid request to the OpenID provider:
+ *
+ *   $sreg_req = Auth_OpenID_SRegRequest::build(array('email'));
+ *   $auth_request->addExtension($sreg_req);
+ *
+ * 2. The OpenID provider extracts the simple registration request
+ * from the OpenID request using {@link
+ * Auth_OpenID_SRegRequest::fromOpenIDRequest}, gets the user's
+ * approval and data, creates an {@link Auth_OpenID_SRegResponse}
+ * object and adds it to the id_res response:
+ *
+ *   $sreg_req = Auth_OpenID_SRegRequest::fromOpenIDRequest(
+ *                                  $checkid_request);
+ *   // [ get the user's approval and data, informing the user that
+ *   //   the fields in sreg_response were requested ]
+ *   $sreg_resp = Auth_OpenID_SRegResponse::extractResponse(
+ *                                  $sreg_req, $user_data);
+ *   $sreg_resp->toMessage($openid_response->fields);
+ *
+ * 3. The relying party uses {@link
+ * Auth_OpenID_SRegResponse::fromSuccessResponse} to extract the data
+ * from the OpenID response:
+ *
+ *   $sreg_resp = Auth_OpenID_SRegResponse::fromSuccessResponse(
+ *                                  $success_response);
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Import message and extension internals.
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Message.php';
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Extension.php';
+
+// The data fields that are listed in the sreg spec
+global $Auth_OpenID_sreg_data_fields;
+$Auth_OpenID_sreg_data_fields = array(
+                                      'fullname' => 'Full Name',
+                                      'nickname' => 'Nickname',
+                                      'dob' => 'Date of Birth',
+                                      'email' => 'E-mail Address',
+                                      'gender' => 'Gender',
+                                      'postcode' => 'Postal Code',
+                                      'country' => 'Country',
+                                      'language' => 'Language',
+                                      'timezone' => 'Time Zone');
+
+/**
+ * Check to see that the given value is a valid simple registration
+ * data field name.  Return true if so, false if not.
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_checkFieldName($field_name)
+{
+    global $Auth_OpenID_sreg_data_fields;
+
+    if (!in_array($field_name, array_keys($Auth_OpenID_sreg_data_fields))) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// URI used in the wild for Yadis documents advertising simple
+// registration support
+define('Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI_1_0', 'http://openid.net/sreg/1.0');
+
+// URI in the draft specification for simple registration 1.1
+// <http://openid.net/specs/openid-simple-registration-extension-1_1-01.html>
+define('Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI_1_1', 'http://openid.net/extensions/sreg/1.1');
+
+// This attribute will always hold the preferred URI to use when
+// adding sreg support to an XRDS file or in an OpenID namespace
+// declaration.
+define('Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI', Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI_1_1);
+
+Auth_OpenID_registerNamespaceAlias(Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI_1_1, 'sreg');
+
+/**
+ * Does the given endpoint advertise support for simple
+ * registration?
+ *
+ * $endpoint: The endpoint object as returned by OpenID discovery.
+ * returns whether an sreg type was advertised by the endpoint
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_supportsSReg($endpoint)
+{
+    return ($endpoint->usesExtension(Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI_1_1) ||
+            $endpoint->usesExtension(Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI_1_0));
+}
+
+/**
+ * A base class for classes dealing with Simple Registration protocol
+ * messages.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_SRegBase extends Auth_OpenID_Extension {
+    /**
+     * Extract the simple registration namespace URI from the given
+     * OpenID message. Handles OpenID 1 and 2, as well as both sreg
+     * namespace URIs found in the wild, as well as missing namespace
+     * definitions (for OpenID 1)
+     *
+     * $message: The OpenID message from which to parse simple
+     * registration fields. This may be a request or response message.
+     *
+     * Returns the sreg namespace URI for the supplied message. The
+     * message may be modified to define a simple registration
+     * namespace.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function _getSRegNS($message)
+    {
+        $alias = null;
+        $found_ns_uri = null;
+
+        // See if there exists an alias for one of the two defined
+        // simple registration types.
+        foreach (array(Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI_1_1,
+                       Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI_1_0) as $sreg_ns_uri) {
+            $alias = $message->namespaces->getAlias($sreg_ns_uri);
+            if ($alias !== null) {
+                $found_ns_uri = $sreg_ns_uri;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($alias === null) {
+            // There is no alias for either of the types, so try to
+            // add one. We default to using the modern value (1.1)
+            $found_ns_uri = Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI_1_1;
+            if ($message->namespaces->addAlias(Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI_1_1,
+                                               'sreg') === null) {
+                // An alias for the string 'sreg' already exists, but
+                // it's defined for something other than simple
+                // registration
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $found_ns_uri;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An object to hold the state of a simple registration request.
+ *
+ * required: A list of the required fields in this simple registration
+ * request
+ *
+ * optional: A list of the optional fields in this simple registration
+ * request
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_SRegRequest extends Auth_OpenID_SRegBase {
+
+    var $ns_alias = 'sreg';
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize an empty simple registration request.
+     */
+    static function build($required=null, $optional=null,
+                   $policy_url=null,
+                   $sreg_ns_uri=Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI,
+                   $cls='Auth_OpenID_SRegRequest')
+    {
+        $obj = new $cls();
+
+        $obj->required = array();
+        $obj->optional = array();
+        $obj->policy_url = $policy_url;
+        $obj->ns_uri = $sreg_ns_uri;
+
+        if ($required) {
+            if (!$obj->requestFields($required, true, true)) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($optional) {
+            if (!$obj->requestFields($optional, false, true)) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a simple registration request that contains the fields
+     * that were requested in the OpenID request with the given
+     * arguments
+     *
+     * $request: The OpenID authentication request from which to
+     * extract an sreg request.
+     *
+     * $cls: name of class to use when creating sreg request object.
+     * Used for testing.
+     *
+     * Returns the newly created simple registration request
+     */
+    static function fromOpenIDRequest($request, $cls='Auth_OpenID_SRegRequest')
+    {
+
+        $obj = call_user_func_array(array($cls, 'build'),
+                 array(null, null, null, Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI, $cls));
+
+        // Since we're going to mess with namespace URI mapping, don't
+        // mutate the object that was passed in.
+        $m = $request->message;
+
+        $obj->ns_uri = $obj->_getSRegNS($m);
+        $args = $m->getArgs($obj->ns_uri);
+
+        if ($args === null || Auth_OpenID::isFailure($args)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $obj->parseExtensionArgs($args);
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse the unqualified simple registration request parameters
+     * and add them to this object.
+     *
+     * This method is essentially the inverse of
+     * getExtensionArgs. This method restores the serialized simple
+     * registration request fields.
+     *
+     * If you are extracting arguments from a standard OpenID
+     * checkid_* request, you probably want to use fromOpenIDRequest,
+     * which will extract the sreg namespace and arguments from the
+     * OpenID request. This method is intended for cases where the
+     * OpenID server needs more control over how the arguments are
+     * parsed than that method provides.
+     *
+     * $args == $message->getArgs($ns_uri);
+     * $request->parseExtensionArgs($args);
+     *
+     * $args: The unqualified simple registration arguments
+     *
+     * strict: Whether requests with fields that are not defined in
+     * the simple registration specification should be tolerated (and
+     * ignored)
+     */
+    function parseExtensionArgs($args, $strict=false)
+    {
+        foreach (array('required', 'optional') as $list_name) {
+            $required = ($list_name == 'required');
+            $items = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($args, $list_name);
+            if ($items) {
+                foreach (explode(',', $items) as $field_name) {
+                    if (!$this->requestField($field_name, $required, $strict)) {
+                        if ($strict) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->policy_url = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($args, 'policy_url');
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A list of all of the simple registration fields that were
+     * requested, whether they were required or optional.
+     */
+    function allRequestedFields()
+    {
+        return array_merge($this->required, $this->optional);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Have any simple registration fields been requested?
+     */
+    function wereFieldsRequested()
+    {
+        return count($this->allRequestedFields());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Was this field in the request?
+     */
+    function contains($field_name)
+    {
+        return (in_array($field_name, $this->required) ||
+                in_array($field_name, $this->optional));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request the specified field from the OpenID user
+     *
+     * $field_name: the unqualified simple registration field name
+     *
+     * required: whether the given field should be presented to the
+     * user as being a required to successfully complete the request
+     *
+     * strict: whether to raise an exception when a field is added to
+     * a request more than once
+     */
+    function requestField($field_name,
+                          $required=false, $strict=false)
+    {
+        if (!Auth_OpenID_checkFieldName($field_name)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($strict) {
+            if ($this->contains($field_name)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (in_array($field_name, $this->required)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (in_array($field_name, $this->optional)) {
+                if ($required) {
+                    unset($this->optional[array_search($field_name,
+                                                       $this->optional)]);
+                } else {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($required) {
+            $this->required[] = $field_name;
+        } else {
+            $this->optional[] = $field_name;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the given list of fields to the request
+     *
+     * field_names: The simple registration data fields to request
+     *
+     * required: Whether these values should be presented to the user
+     * as required
+     *
+     * strict: whether to raise an exception when a field is added to
+     * a request more than once
+     */
+    function requestFields($field_names, $required=false, $strict=false)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($field_names)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($field_names as $field_name) {
+            if (!$this->requestField($field_name, $required, $strict=$strict)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a dictionary of unqualified simple registration arguments
+     * representing this request.
+     *
+     * This method is essentially the inverse of
+     * C{L{parseExtensionArgs}}. This method serializes the simple
+     * registration request fields.
+     */
+    function getExtensionArgs()
+    {
+        $args = array();
+
+        if ($this->required) {
+            $args['required'] = implode(',', $this->required);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->optional) {
+            $args['optional'] = implode(',', $this->optional);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->policy_url) {
+            $args['policy_url'] = $this->policy_url;
+        }
+
+        return $args;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Represents the data returned in a simple registration response
+ * inside of an OpenID C{id_res} response. This object will be created
+ * by the OpenID server, added to the C{id_res} response object, and
+ * then extracted from the C{id_res} message by the Consumer.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_SRegResponse extends Auth_OpenID_SRegBase {
+
+    var $ns_alias = 'sreg';
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_SRegResponse($data=null,
+                                      $sreg_ns_uri=Auth_OpenID_SREG_NS_URI)
+    {
+        if ($data === null) {
+            $this->data = array();
+        } else {
+            $this->data = $data;
+        }
+
+        $this->ns_uri = $sreg_ns_uri;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Take a C{L{SRegRequest}} and a dictionary of simple
+     * registration values and create a C{L{SRegResponse}} object
+     * containing that data.
+     *
+     * request: The simple registration request object
+     *
+     * data: The simple registration data for this response, as a
+     * dictionary from unqualified simple registration field name to
+     * string (unicode) value. For instance, the nickname should be
+     * stored under the key 'nickname'.
+     */
+    static function extractResponse($request, $data)
+    {
+        $obj = new Auth_OpenID_SRegResponse();
+        $obj->ns_uri = $request->ns_uri;
+
+        foreach ($request->allRequestedFields() as $field) {
+            $value = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($data, $field);
+            if ($value !== null) {
+                $obj->data[$field] = $value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a C{L{SRegResponse}} object from a successful OpenID
+     * library response
+     * (C{L{openid.consumer.consumer.SuccessResponse}}) response
+     * message
+     *
+     * success_response: A SuccessResponse from consumer.complete()
+     *
+     * signed_only: Whether to process only data that was
+     * signed in the id_res message from the server.
+     *
+     * Returns a simple registration response containing the data that
+     * was supplied with the C{id_res} response.
+     */
+    static function fromSuccessResponse($success_response, $signed_only=true)
+    {
+        global $Auth_OpenID_sreg_data_fields;
+
+        $obj = new Auth_OpenID_SRegResponse();
+        $obj->ns_uri = $obj->_getSRegNS($success_response->message);
+
+        if ($signed_only) {
+            $args = $success_response->getSignedNS($obj->ns_uri);
+        } else {
+            $args = $success_response->message->getArgs($obj->ns_uri);
+        }
+
+        if ($args === null || Auth_OpenID::isFailure($args)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($Auth_OpenID_sreg_data_fields as $field_name => $desc) {
+            if (in_array($field_name, array_keys($args))) {
+                $obj->data[$field_name] = $args[$field_name];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    function getExtensionArgs()
+    {
+        return $this->data;
+    }
+
+    // Read-only dictionary interface
+    function get($field_name, $default=null)
+    {
+        if (!Auth_OpenID_checkFieldName($field_name)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($this->data, $field_name, $default);
+    }
+
+    function contents()
+    {
+        return $this->data;
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Server.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Server.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..312a928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/Server.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1765 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * OpenID server protocol and logic.
+ * 
+ * Overview
+ *
+ * An OpenID server must perform three tasks:
+ *
+ *  1. Examine the incoming request to determine its nature and validity.
+ *  2. Make a decision about how to respond to this request.
+ *  3. Format the response according to the protocol.
+ * 
+ * The first and last of these tasks may performed by the {@link
+ * Auth_OpenID_Server::decodeRequest()} and {@link
+ * Auth_OpenID_Server::encodeResponse} methods.  Who gets to do the
+ * intermediate task -- deciding how to respond to the request -- will
+ * depend on what type of request it is.
+ *
+ * If it's a request to authenticate a user (a 'checkid_setup' or
+ * 'checkid_immediate' request), you need to decide if you will assert
+ * that this user may claim the identity in question.  Exactly how you
+ * do that is a matter of application policy, but it generally
+ * involves making sure the user has an account with your system and
+ * is logged in, checking to see if that identity is hers to claim,
+ * and verifying with the user that she does consent to releasing that
+ * information to the party making the request.
+ *
+ * Examine the properties of the {@link Auth_OpenID_CheckIDRequest}
+ * object, and if and when you've come to a decision, form a response
+ * by calling {@link Auth_OpenID_CheckIDRequest::answer()}.
+ *
+ * Other types of requests relate to establishing associations between
+ * client and server and verifing the authenticity of previous
+ * communications.  {@link Auth_OpenID_Server} contains all the logic
+ * and data necessary to respond to such requests; just pass it to
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_Server::handleRequest()}.
+ *
+ * OpenID Extensions
+ * 
+ * Do you want to provide other information for your users in addition
+ * to authentication?  Version 1.2 of the OpenID protocol allows
+ * consumers to add extensions to their requests.  For example, with
+ * sites using the Simple Registration
+ * Extension
+ * (http://openid.net/specs/openid-simple-registration-extension-1_0.html),
+ * a user can agree to have their nickname and e-mail address sent to
+ * a site when they sign up.
+ *
+ * Since extensions do not change the way OpenID authentication works,
+ * code to handle extension requests may be completely separate from
+ * the {@link Auth_OpenID_Request} class here.  But you'll likely want
+ * data sent back by your extension to be signed.  {@link
+ * Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse} provides methods with which you can add
+ * data to it which can be signed with the other data in the OpenID
+ * signature.
+ *
+ * For example:
+ *
+ * <pre>  // when request is a checkid_* request
+ *  $response = $request->answer(true);
+ *  // this will a signed 'openid.sreg.timezone' parameter to the response
+ *  response.addField('sreg', 'timezone', 'America/Los_Angeles')</pre>
+ *
+ * Stores
+ *
+ * The OpenID server needs to maintain state between requests in order
+ * to function.  Its mechanism for doing this is called a store.  The
+ * store interface is defined in Interface.php.  Additionally, several
+ * concrete store implementations are provided, so that most sites
+ * won't need to implement a custom store.  For a store backed by flat
+ * files on disk, see {@link Auth_OpenID_FileStore}.  For stores based
+ * on MySQL, SQLite, or PostgreSQL, see the {@link
+ * Auth_OpenID_SQLStore} subclasses.
+ *
+ * Upgrading
+ *
+ * The keys by which a server looks up associations in its store have
+ * changed in version 1.2 of this library.  If your store has entries
+ * created from version 1.0 code, you should empty it.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Required imports
+ */
+require_once "Auth/OpenID.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Association.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/CryptUtil.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/BigMath.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/DiffieHellman.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/KVForm.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/TrustRoot.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/ServerRequest.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Message.php";
+require_once "Auth/OpenID/Nonce.php";
+
+define('AUTH_OPENID_HTTP_OK', 200);
+define('AUTH_OPENID_HTTP_REDIRECT', 302);
+define('AUTH_OPENID_HTTP_ERROR', 400);
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+global $_Auth_OpenID_Request_Modes;
+$_Auth_OpenID_Request_Modes = array('checkid_setup',
+                                    'checkid_immediate');
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_KVFORM', 'kfvorm');
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_URL', 'URL/redirect');
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_HTML_FORM', 'HTML form');
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_isError($obj, $cls = 'Auth_OpenID_ServerError')
+{
+    return is_a($obj, $cls);
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error class which gets instantiated and returned whenever an
+ * OpenID protocol error occurs.  Be prepared to use this in place of
+ * an ordinary server response.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_ServerError {
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message = null, $text = null,
+                                     $reference = null, $contact = null)
+    {
+        $this->message = $message;
+        $this->text = $text;
+        $this->contact = $contact;
+        $this->reference = $reference;
+    }
+
+    function getReturnTo()
+    {
+        if ($this->message &&
+            $this->message->hasKey(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'return_to')) {
+            return $this->message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                          'return_to');
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the return_to URL for the request which caused this
+     * error.
+     */
+    function hasReturnTo()
+    {
+        return $this->getReturnTo() !== null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encodes this error's response as a URL suitable for
+     * redirection.  If the response has no return_to, another
+     * Auth_OpenID_ServerError is returned.
+     */
+    function encodeToURL()
+    {
+        if (!$this->message) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $msg = $this->toMessage();
+        return $msg->toURL($this->getReturnTo());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encodes the response to key-value form.  This is a
+     * machine-readable format used to respond to messages which came
+     * directly from the consumer and not through the user-agent.  See
+     * the OpenID specification.
+     */
+    function encodeToKVForm()
+    {
+        return Auth_OpenID_KVForm::fromArray(
+                                      array('mode' => 'error',
+                                            'error' => $this->toString()));
+    }
+
+    function toFormMarkup($form_tag_attrs=null)
+    {
+        $msg = $this->toMessage();
+        return $msg->toFormMarkup($this->getReturnTo(), $form_tag_attrs);
+    }
+
+    function toHTML($form_tag_attrs=null)
+    {
+        return Auth_OpenID::autoSubmitHTML(
+                      $this->toFormMarkup($form_tag_attrs));
+    }
+
+    function toMessage()
+    {
+        // Generate a Message object for sending to the relying party,
+        // after encoding.
+        $namespace = $this->message->getOpenIDNamespace();
+        $reply = new Auth_OpenID_Message($namespace);
+        $reply->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'mode', 'error');
+        $reply->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'error', $this->toString());
+
+        if ($this->contact !== null) {
+            $reply->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'contact', $this->contact);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->reference !== null) {
+            $reply->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'reference',
+                           $this->reference);
+        }
+
+        return $reply;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns one of Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_URL,
+     * Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_KVFORM, or null, depending on the type of
+     * encoding expected for this error's payload.
+     */
+    function whichEncoding()
+    {
+        global $_Auth_OpenID_Request_Modes;
+
+        if ($this->hasReturnTo()) {
+            if ($this->message->isOpenID2() &&
+                (strlen($this->encodeToURL()) >
+                   Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_URL_LIMIT)) {
+                return Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_HTML_FORM;
+            } else {
+                return Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_URL;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->message) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $mode = $this->message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                       'mode');
+
+        if ($mode) {
+            if (!in_array($mode, $_Auth_OpenID_Request_Modes)) {
+                return Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_KVFORM;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this error message.
+     */
+    function toString()
+    {
+        if ($this->text) {
+            return $this->text;
+        } else {
+            return get_class($this) . " error";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Error returned by the server code when a return_to is absent from a
+ * request.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_NoReturnToError extends Auth_OpenID_ServerError {
+    function Auth_OpenID_NoReturnToError($message = null,
+                                         $text = "No return_to URL available")
+    {
+        parent::Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message, $text);
+    }
+
+    function toString()
+    {
+        return "No return_to available";
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error indicating that the return_to URL is malformed.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_MalformedReturnURL extends Auth_OpenID_ServerError {
+    function Auth_OpenID_MalformedReturnURL($message, $return_to)
+    {
+        $this->return_to = $return_to;
+        parent::Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message, "malformed return_to URL");
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This error is returned when the trust_root value is malformed.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_MalformedTrustRoot extends Auth_OpenID_ServerError {
+    function Auth_OpenID_MalformedTrustRoot($message = null,
+                                            $text = "Malformed trust root")
+    {
+        parent::Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message, $text);
+    }
+
+    function toString()
+    {
+        return "Malformed trust root";
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The base class for all server request classes.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_Request {
+    var $mode = null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A request to verify the validity of a previous response.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_CheckAuthRequest extends Auth_OpenID_Request {
+    var $mode = "check_authentication";
+    var $invalidate_handle = null;
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_CheckAuthRequest($assoc_handle, $signed,
+                                          $invalidate_handle = null)
+    {
+        $this->assoc_handle = $assoc_handle;
+        $this->signed = $signed;
+        if ($invalidate_handle !== null) {
+            $this->invalidate_handle = $invalidate_handle;
+        }
+        $this->namespace = Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS;
+        $this->message = null;
+    }
+
+    static function fromMessage($message, $server=null)
+    {
+        $required_keys = array('assoc_handle', 'sig', 'signed');
+
+        foreach ($required_keys as $k) {
+            if (!$message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, $k)) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+                    sprintf("%s request missing required parameter %s from \
+                            query", "check_authentication", $k));
+            }
+        }
+
+        $assoc_handle = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'assoc_handle');
+        $sig = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'sig');
+
+        $signed_list = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'signed');
+        $signed_list = explode(",", $signed_list);
+
+        $signed = $message;
+        if ($signed->hasKey(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'mode')) {
+            $signed->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'mode', 'id_res');
+        }
+
+        $result = new Auth_OpenID_CheckAuthRequest($assoc_handle, $signed);
+        $result->message = $message;
+        $result->sig = $sig;
+        $result->invalidate_handle = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                                      'invalidate_handle');
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    function answer($signatory)
+    {
+        $is_valid = $signatory->verify($this->assoc_handle, $this->signed);
+
+        // Now invalidate that assoc_handle so it this checkAuth
+        // message cannot be replayed.
+        $signatory->invalidate($this->assoc_handle, true);
+        $response = new Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse($this);
+
+        $response->fields->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                  'is_valid',
+                                  ($is_valid ? "true" : "false"));
+
+        if ($this->invalidate_handle) {
+            $assoc = $signatory->getAssociation($this->invalidate_handle,
+                                                false);
+            if (!$assoc) {
+                $response->fields->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                          'invalidate_handle',
+                                          $this->invalidate_handle);
+            }
+        }
+        return $response;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A class implementing plaintext server sessions.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_PlainTextServerSession {
+    /**
+     * An object that knows how to handle association requests with no
+     * session type.
+     */
+    var $session_type = 'no-encryption';
+    var $needs_math = false;
+    var $allowed_assoc_types = array('HMAC-SHA1', 'HMAC-SHA256');
+
+    static function fromMessage($unused_request)
+    {
+        return new Auth_OpenID_PlainTextServerSession();
+    }
+
+    function answer($secret)
+    {
+        return array('mac_key' => base64_encode($secret));
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A class implementing DH-SHA1 server sessions.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA1ServerSession {
+    /**
+     * An object that knows how to handle association requests with
+     * the Diffie-Hellman session type.
+     */
+
+    var $session_type = 'DH-SHA1';
+    var $needs_math = true;
+    var $allowed_assoc_types = array('HMAC-SHA1');
+    var $hash_func = 'Auth_OpenID_SHA1';
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA1ServerSession($dh, $consumer_pubkey)
+    {
+        $this->dh = $dh;
+        $this->consumer_pubkey = $consumer_pubkey;
+    }
+
+    static function getDH($message)
+    {
+        $dh_modulus = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'dh_modulus');
+        $dh_gen = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'dh_gen');
+
+        if ((($dh_modulus === null) && ($dh_gen !== null)) ||
+            (($dh_gen === null) && ($dh_modulus !== null))) {
+
+            if ($dh_modulus === null) {
+                $missing = 'modulus';
+            } else {
+                $missing = 'generator';
+            }
+
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+                                'If non-default modulus or generator is '.
+                                'supplied, both must be supplied.  Missing '.
+                                $missing);
+        }
+
+        $lib = Auth_OpenID_getMathLib();
+
+        if ($dh_modulus || $dh_gen) {
+            $dh_modulus = $lib->base64ToLong($dh_modulus);
+            $dh_gen = $lib->base64ToLong($dh_gen);
+            if ($lib->cmp($dh_modulus, 0) == 0 ||
+                $lib->cmp($dh_gen, 0) == 0) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(
+                  $message, "Failed to parse dh_mod or dh_gen");
+            }
+            $dh = new Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellman($dh_modulus, $dh_gen);
+        } else {
+            $dh = new Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellman();
+        }
+
+        $consumer_pubkey = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                            'dh_consumer_public');
+        if ($consumer_pubkey === null) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+                                  'Public key for DH-SHA1 session '.
+                                  'not found in query');
+        }
+
+        $consumer_pubkey =
+            $lib->base64ToLong($consumer_pubkey);
+
+        if ($consumer_pubkey === false) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+                                       "dh_consumer_public is not base64");
+        }
+
+        return array($dh, $consumer_pubkey);
+    }
+
+    static function fromMessage($message)
+    {
+        $result = Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA1ServerSession::getDH($message);
+
+        if (is_a($result, 'Auth_OpenID_ServerError')) {
+            return $result;
+        } else {
+            list($dh, $consumer_pubkey) = $result;
+            return new Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA1ServerSession($dh,
+                                                    $consumer_pubkey);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function answer($secret)
+    {
+        $lib = Auth_OpenID_getMathLib();
+        $mac_key = $this->dh->xorSecret($this->consumer_pubkey, $secret,
+                                        $this->hash_func);
+        return array(
+           'dh_server_public' =>
+                $lib->longToBase64($this->dh->public),
+           'enc_mac_key' => base64_encode($mac_key));
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A class implementing DH-SHA256 server sessions.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA256ServerSession
+      extends Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA1ServerSession {
+
+    var $session_type = 'DH-SHA256';
+    var $hash_func = 'Auth_OpenID_SHA256';
+    var $allowed_assoc_types = array('HMAC-SHA256');
+
+    static function fromMessage($message)
+    {
+        $result = Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA1ServerSession::getDH($message);
+
+        if (is_a($result, 'Auth_OpenID_ServerError')) {
+            return $result;
+        } else {
+            list($dh, $consumer_pubkey) = $result;
+            return new Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA256ServerSession($dh,
+                                                      $consumer_pubkey);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A request to associate with the server.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AssociateRequest extends Auth_OpenID_Request {
+    var $mode = "associate";
+
+    static function getSessionClasses()
+    {
+        return array(
+          'no-encryption' => 'Auth_OpenID_PlainTextServerSession',
+          'DH-SHA1' => 'Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA1ServerSession',
+          'DH-SHA256' => 'Auth_OpenID_DiffieHellmanSHA256ServerSession');
+    }
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_AssociateRequest($session, $assoc_type)
+    {
+        $this->session = $session;
+        $this->namespace = Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS;
+        $this->assoc_type = $assoc_type;
+    }
+
+    static function fromMessage($message, $server=null)
+    {
+        if ($message->isOpenID1()) {
+            $session_type = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                             'session_type');
+
+            if ($session_type == 'no-encryption') {
+                // oidutil.log('Received OpenID 1 request with a no-encryption '
+                //             'assocaition session type. Continuing anyway.')
+            } else if (!$session_type) {
+                $session_type = 'no-encryption';
+            }
+        } else {
+            $session_type = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                             'session_type');
+            if ($session_type === null) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+                  "session_type missing from request");
+            }
+        }
+
+        $session_class = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet(
+           Auth_OpenID_AssociateRequest::getSessionClasses(),
+           $session_type);
+
+        if ($session_class === null) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+                                               "Unknown session type " .
+                                               $session_type);
+        }
+
+        $session = call_user_func(array($session_class, 'fromMessage'),
+                                  $message);
+        if (is_a($session, 'Auth_OpenID_ServerError')) {
+            return $session;
+        }
+
+        $assoc_type = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                       'assoc_type', 'HMAC-SHA1');
+
+        if (!in_array($assoc_type, $session->allowed_assoc_types)) {
+            $fmt = "Session type %s does not support association type %s";
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+              sprintf($fmt, $session_type, $assoc_type));
+        }
+
+        $obj = new Auth_OpenID_AssociateRequest($session, $assoc_type);
+        $obj->message = $message;
+        $obj->namespace = $message->getOpenIDNamespace();
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    function answer($assoc)
+    {
+        $response = new Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse($this);
+        $response->fields->updateArgs(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+           array(
+                 'expires_in' => sprintf('%d', $assoc->getExpiresIn()),
+                 'assoc_type' => $this->assoc_type,
+                 'assoc_handle' => $assoc->handle));
+
+        $response->fields->updateArgs(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+           $this->session->answer($assoc->secret));
+
+        if (! ($this->session->session_type == 'no-encryption' 
+               && $this->message->isOpenID1())) {
+            $response->fields->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                      'session_type',
+                                      $this->session->session_type);
+        }
+
+        return $response;
+    }
+
+    function answerUnsupported($text_message,
+                               $preferred_association_type=null,
+                               $preferred_session_type=null)
+    {
+        if ($this->message->isOpenID1()) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($this->message);
+        }
+
+        $response = new Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse($this);
+        $response->fields->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                  'error_code', 'unsupported-type');
+        $response->fields->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                  'error', $text_message);
+
+        if ($preferred_association_type) {
+            $response->fields->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                      'assoc_type',
+                                      $preferred_association_type);
+        }
+
+        if ($preferred_session_type) {
+            $response->fields->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                      'session_type',
+                                      $preferred_session_type);
+        }
+        $response->code = AUTH_OPENID_HTTP_ERROR;
+        return $response;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A request to confirm the identity of a user.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_CheckIDRequest extends Auth_OpenID_Request {
+    /**
+     * Return-to verification callback.  Default is
+     * Auth_OpenID_verifyReturnTo from TrustRoot.php.
+     */
+    var $verifyReturnTo = 'Auth_OpenID_verifyReturnTo';
+
+    /**
+     * The mode of this request.
+     */
+    var $mode = "checkid_setup"; // or "checkid_immediate"
+
+    /**
+     * Whether this request is for immediate mode.
+     */
+    var $immediate = false;
+
+    /**
+     * The trust_root value for this request.
+     */
+    var $trust_root = null;
+
+    /**
+     * The OpenID namespace for this request.
+     * deprecated since version 2.0.2
+     */
+    var $namespace;
+    
+    static function make($message, $identity, $return_to, $trust_root = null,
+                  $immediate = false, $assoc_handle = null, $server = null)
+    {
+        if ($server === null) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+                                               "server must not be null");
+        }
+
+        if ($return_to &&
+            !Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot::_parse($return_to)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_MalformedReturnURL($message, $return_to);
+        }
+
+        $r = new Auth_OpenID_CheckIDRequest($identity, $return_to,
+                                            $trust_root, $immediate,
+                                            $assoc_handle, $server);
+
+        $r->namespace = $message->getOpenIDNamespace();
+        $r->message = $message;
+
+        if (!$r->trustRootValid()) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_UntrustedReturnURL($message,
+                                                      $return_to,
+                                                      $trust_root);
+        } else {
+            return $r;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_CheckIDRequest($identity, $return_to,
+                                        $trust_root = null, $immediate = false,
+                                        $assoc_handle = null, $server = null,
+                                        $claimed_id = null)
+    {
+        $this->namespace = Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS;
+        $this->assoc_handle = $assoc_handle;
+        $this->identity = $identity;
+        if ($claimed_id === null) {
+            $this->claimed_id = $identity;
+        } else {
+            $this->claimed_id = $claimed_id;
+        }
+        $this->return_to = $return_to;
+        $this->trust_root = $trust_root;
+        $this->server = $server;
+
+        if ($immediate) {
+            $this->immediate = true;
+            $this->mode = "checkid_immediate";
+        } else {
+            $this->immediate = false;
+            $this->mode = "checkid_setup";
+        }
+    }
+
+    function equals($other)
+    {
+        return (
+                (is_a($other, 'Auth_OpenID_CheckIDRequest')) &&
+                ($this->namespace == $other->namespace) &&
+                ($this->assoc_handle == $other->assoc_handle) &&
+                ($this->identity == $other->identity) &&
+                ($this->claimed_id == $other->claimed_id) &&
+                ($this->return_to == $other->return_to) &&
+                ($this->trust_root == $other->trust_root));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Does the relying party publish the return_to URL for this
+     * response under the realm? It is up to the provider to set a
+     * policy for what kinds of realms should be allowed. This
+     * return_to URL verification reduces vulnerability to data-theft
+     * attacks based on open proxies, corss-site-scripting, or open
+     * redirectors.
+     *
+     * This check should only be performed after making sure that the
+     * return_to URL matches the realm.
+     *
+     * @return true if the realm publishes a document with the
+     * return_to URL listed, false if not or if discovery fails
+     */
+    function returnToVerified()
+    {
+        $fetcher = Auth_Yadis_Yadis::getHTTPFetcher();
+        return call_user_func_array($this->verifyReturnTo,
+                                    array($this->trust_root, $this->return_to, $fetcher));
+    }
+
+    static function fromMessage($message, $server)
+    {
+        $mode = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'mode');
+        $immediate = null;
+
+        if ($mode == "checkid_immediate") {
+            $immediate = true;
+            $mode = "checkid_immediate";
+        } else {
+            $immediate = false;
+            $mode = "checkid_setup";
+        }
+
+        $return_to = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                      'return_to');
+
+        if (($message->isOpenID1()) &&
+            (!$return_to)) {
+            $fmt = "Missing required field 'return_to' from checkid request";
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message, $fmt);
+        }
+
+        $identity = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                     'identity');
+        $claimed_id = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'claimed_id');
+        if ($message->isOpenID1()) {
+            if ($identity === null) {
+                $s = "OpenID 1 message did not contain openid.identity";
+                return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message, $s);
+            }
+        } else {
+            if ($identity && !$claimed_id) {
+                $s = "OpenID 2.0 message contained openid.identity but not " .
+                  "claimed_id";
+                return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message, $s);
+            } else if ($claimed_id && !$identity) {
+                $s = "OpenID 2.0 message contained openid.claimed_id " .
+                  "but not identity";
+                return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message, $s);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // There's a case for making self.trust_root be a TrustRoot
+        // here.  But if TrustRoot isn't currently part of the
+        // "public" API, I'm not sure it's worth doing.
+        if ($message->isOpenID1()) {
+            $trust_root_param = 'trust_root';
+        } else {
+            $trust_root_param = 'realm';
+        }
+        $trust_root = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 
+                                       $trust_root_param);
+        if (! $trust_root) {
+            $trust_root = $return_to;
+        }
+
+        if (! $message->isOpenID1() && 
+            ($return_to === null) &&
+            ($trust_root === null)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+              "openid.realm required when openid.return_to absent");
+        }
+
+        $assoc_handle = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                         'assoc_handle');
+
+        $obj = Auth_OpenID_CheckIDRequest::make($message,
+                                                $identity,
+                                                $return_to,
+                                                $trust_root,
+                                                $immediate,
+                                                $assoc_handle,
+                                                $server);
+
+        if (is_a($obj, 'Auth_OpenID_ServerError')) {
+            return $obj;
+        }
+
+        $obj->claimed_id = $claimed_id;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    function idSelect()
+    {
+        // Is the identifier to be selected by the IDP?
+        // So IDPs don't have to import the constant
+        return $this->identity == Auth_OpenID_IDENTIFIER_SELECT;
+    }
+
+    function trustRootValid()
+    {
+        if (!$this->trust_root) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $tr = Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot::_parse($this->trust_root);
+        if ($tr === false) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_MalformedTrustRoot($this->message,
+                                                      $this->trust_root);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->return_to !== null) {
+            return Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot::match($this->trust_root,
+                                                $this->return_to);
+        } else {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Respond to this request.  Return either an
+     * {@link Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse} or
+     * {@link Auth_OpenID_ServerError}.
+     *
+     * @param bool $allow Allow this user to claim this identity, and
+     * allow the consumer to have this information?
+     *
+     * @param string $server_url DEPRECATED.  Passing $op_endpoint to
+     * the {@link Auth_OpenID_Server} constructor makes this optional.
+     *
+     * When an OpenID 1.x immediate mode request does not succeed, it
+     * gets back a URL where the request may be carried out in a
+     * not-so-immediate fashion.  Pass my URL in here (the fully
+     * qualified address of this server's endpoint, i.e.
+     * http://example.com/server), and I will use it as a base for the
+     * URL for a new request.
+     *
+     * Optional for requests where {@link $immediate} is false or
+     * $allow is true.
+     *
+     * @param string $identity The OP-local identifier to answer with.
+     * Only for use when the relying party requested identifier
+     * selection.
+     *
+     * @param string $claimed_id The claimed identifier to answer
+     * with, for use with identifier selection in the case where the
+     * claimed identifier and the OP-local identifier differ,
+     * i.e. when the claimed_id uses delegation.
+     *
+     * If $identity is provided but this is not, $claimed_id will
+     * default to the value of $identity.  When answering requests
+     * that did not ask for identifier selection, the response
+     * $claimed_id will default to that of the request.
+     *
+     * This parameter is new in OpenID 2.0.
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function answer($allow, $server_url = null, $identity = null,
+                    $claimed_id = null)
+    {
+        if (!$this->return_to) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_NoReturnToError();
+        }
+
+        if (!$server_url) {
+            if ((!$this->message->isOpenID1()) &&
+                (!$this->server->op_endpoint)) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(null,
+                  "server should be constructed with op_endpoint to " .
+                  "respond to OpenID 2.0 messages.");
+            }
+
+            $server_url = $this->server->op_endpoint;
+        }
+
+        if ($allow) {
+            $mode = 'id_res';
+        } else if ($this->message->isOpenID1()) {
+            if ($this->immediate) {
+                $mode = 'id_res';
+            } else {
+                $mode = 'cancel';
+            }
+        } else {
+            if ($this->immediate) {
+                $mode = 'setup_needed';
+            } else {
+                $mode = 'cancel';
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->trustRootValid()) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_UntrustedReturnURL(null,
+                                                      $this->return_to,
+                                                      $this->trust_root);
+        }
+
+        $response = new Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse($this);
+
+        if ($claimed_id &&
+            ($this->message->isOpenID1())) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(null,
+              "claimed_id is new in OpenID 2.0 and not " .
+              "available for ".$this->namespace);
+        }
+
+        if ($identity && !$claimed_id) {
+            $claimed_id = $identity;
+        }
+
+        if ($allow) {
+
+            if ($this->identity == Auth_OpenID_IDENTIFIER_SELECT) {
+                if (!$identity) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(null,
+                      "This request uses IdP-driven identifier selection.  " .
+                      "You must supply an identifier in the response.");
+                }
+
+                $response_identity = $identity;
+                $response_claimed_id = $claimed_id;
+
+            } else if ($this->identity) {
+                if ($identity &&
+                    ($this->identity != $identity)) {
+                    $fmt = "Request was for %s, cannot reply with identity %s";
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(null,
+                      sprintf($fmt, $this->identity, $identity));
+                }
+
+                $response_identity = $this->identity;
+                $response_claimed_id = $this->claimed_id;
+            } else {
+                if ($identity) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(null,
+                      "This request specified no identity and " .
+                      "you supplied ".$identity);
+                }
+
+                $response_identity = null;
+            }
+
+            if (($this->message->isOpenID1()) &&
+                ($response_identity === null)) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(null,
+                  "Request was an OpenID 1 request, so response must " .
+                  "include an identifier.");
+            }
+
+            $response->fields->updateArgs(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                   array('mode' => $mode,
+                         'return_to' => $this->return_to,
+                         'response_nonce' => Auth_OpenID_mkNonce()));
+
+            if (!$this->message->isOpenID1()) {
+                $response->fields->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                          'op_endpoint', $server_url);
+            }
+
+            if ($response_identity !== null) {
+                $response->fields->setArg(
+                                          Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                          'identity',
+                                          $response_identity);
+                if ($this->message->isOpenID2()) {
+                    $response->fields->setArg(
+                                              Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                              'claimed_id',
+                                              $response_claimed_id);
+                }
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            $response->fields->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                      'mode', $mode);
+
+            if ($this->immediate) {
+                if (($this->message->isOpenID1()) &&
+                    (!$server_url)) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(null,
+                                 'setup_url is required for $allow=false \
+                                  in OpenID 1.x immediate mode.');
+                }
+
+                $setup_request = new Auth_OpenID_CheckIDRequest(
+                                                $this->identity,
+                                                $this->return_to,
+                                                $this->trust_root,
+                                                false,
+                                                $this->assoc_handle,
+                                                $this->server,
+                                                $this->claimed_id);
+                $setup_request->message = $this->message;
+
+                $setup_url = $setup_request->encodeToURL($server_url);
+
+                if ($setup_url === null) {
+                    return new Auth_OpenID_NoReturnToError();
+                }
+
+                $response->fields->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                          'user_setup_url',
+                                          $setup_url);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $response;
+    }
+
+    function encodeToURL($server_url)
+    {
+        if (!$this->return_to) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_NoReturnToError();
+        }
+
+        // Imported from the alternate reality where these classes are
+        // used in both the client and server code, so Requests are
+        // Encodable too.  That's right, code imported from alternate
+        // realities all for the love of you, id_res/user_setup_url.
+
+        $q = array('mode' => $this->mode,
+                   'identity' => $this->identity,
+                   'claimed_id' => $this->claimed_id,
+                   'return_to' => $this->return_to);
+
+        if ($this->trust_root) {
+            if ($this->message->isOpenID1()) {
+                $q['trust_root'] = $this->trust_root;
+            } else {
+                $q['realm'] = $this->trust_root;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($this->assoc_handle) {
+            $q['assoc_handle'] = $this->assoc_handle;
+        }
+
+        $response = new Auth_OpenID_Message(
+            $this->message->getOpenIDNamespace());
+        $response->updateArgs(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, $q);
+        return $response->toURL($server_url);
+    }
+
+    function getCancelURL()
+    {
+        if (!$this->return_to) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_NoReturnToError();
+        }
+
+        if ($this->immediate) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(null,
+                                               "Cancel is not an appropriate \
+                                               response to immediate mode \
+                                               requests.");
+        }
+
+        $response = new Auth_OpenID_Message(
+            $this->message->getOpenIDNamespace());
+        $response->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'mode', 'cancel');
+        return $response->toURL($this->return_to);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This class encapsulates the response to an OpenID server request.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse {
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse($request)
+    {
+        $this->request = $request;
+        $this->fields = new Auth_OpenID_Message($this->request->namespace);
+    }
+
+    function whichEncoding()
+    {
+      global $_Auth_OpenID_Request_Modes;
+
+        if (in_array($this->request->mode, $_Auth_OpenID_Request_Modes)) {
+            if ($this->fields->isOpenID2() &&
+                (strlen($this->encodeToURL()) >
+                   Auth_OpenID_OPENID1_URL_LIMIT)) {
+                return Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_HTML_FORM;
+            } else {
+                return Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_URL;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_KVFORM;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Returns the form markup for this response.
+     *
+     * @return str
+     */
+    function toFormMarkup($form_tag_attrs=null)
+    {
+        return $this->fields->toFormMarkup($this->request->return_to,
+                                           $form_tag_attrs);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Returns an HTML document containing the form markup for this
+     * response that autosubmits with javascript.
+     */
+    function toHTML()
+    {
+        return Auth_OpenID::autoSubmitHTML($this->toFormMarkup());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Returns True if this response's encoding is ENCODE_HTML_FORM.
+     * Convenience method for server authors.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function renderAsForm()
+    {
+        return $this->whichEncoding() == Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_HTML_FORM;
+    }
+
+
+    function encodeToURL()
+    {
+        return $this->fields->toURL($this->request->return_to);
+    }
+
+    function addExtension($extension_response)
+    {
+        $extension_response->toMessage($this->fields);
+    }
+
+    function needsSigning()
+    {
+        return $this->fields->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                                     'mode') == 'id_res';
+    }
+
+    function encodeToKVForm()
+    {
+        return $this->fields->toKVForm();
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A web-capable response object which you can use to generate a
+ * user-agent response.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_WebResponse {
+    var $code = AUTH_OPENID_HTTP_OK;
+    var $body = "";
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_WebResponse($code = null, $headers = null,
+                                     $body = null)
+    {
+        if ($code) {
+            $this->code = $code;
+        }
+
+        if ($headers !== null) {
+            $this->headers = $headers;
+        } else {
+            $this->headers = array();
+        }
+
+        if ($body !== null) {
+            $this->body = $body;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Responsible for the signature of query data and the verification of
+ * OpenID signature values.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_Signatory {
+
+    // = 14 * 24 * 60 * 60; # 14 days, in seconds
+    var $SECRET_LIFETIME = 1209600;
+
+    // keys have a bogus server URL in them because the filestore
+    // really does expect that key to be a URL.  This seems a little
+    // silly for the server store, since I expect there to be only one
+    // server URL.
+    var $normal_key = 'http://localhost/|normal';
+    var $dumb_key = 'http://localhost/|dumb';
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new signatory using a given store.
+     */
+    function Auth_OpenID_Signatory($store)
+    {
+        // assert store is not None
+        $this->store = $store;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify, using a given association handle, a signature with
+     * signed key-value pairs from an HTTP request.
+     */
+    function verify($assoc_handle, $message)
+    {
+        $assoc = $this->getAssociation($assoc_handle, true);
+        if (!$assoc) {
+            // oidutil.log("failed to get assoc with handle %r to verify sig %r"
+            //             % (assoc_handle, sig))
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $assoc->checkMessageSignature($message);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a response, sign the fields in the response's 'signed'
+     * list, and insert the signature into the response.
+     */
+    function sign($response)
+    {
+        $signed_response = $response;
+        $assoc_handle = $response->request->assoc_handle;
+
+        if ($assoc_handle) {
+            // normal mode
+            $assoc = $this->getAssociation($assoc_handle, false, false);
+            if (!$assoc || ($assoc->getExpiresIn() <= 0)) {
+                // fall back to dumb mode
+                $signed_response->fields->setArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS,
+                             'invalidate_handle', $assoc_handle);
+                $assoc_type = ($assoc ? $assoc->assoc_type : 'HMAC-SHA1');
+
+                if ($assoc && ($assoc->getExpiresIn() <= 0)) {
+                    $this->invalidate($assoc_handle, false);
+                }
+
+                $assoc = $this->createAssociation(true, $assoc_type);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // dumb mode.
+            $assoc = $this->createAssociation(true);
+        }
+
+        $signed_response->fields = $assoc->signMessage(
+                                      $signed_response->fields);
+        return $signed_response;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make a new association.
+     */
+    function createAssociation($dumb = true, $assoc_type = 'HMAC-SHA1')
+    {
+        $secret = Auth_OpenID_CryptUtil::getBytes(
+                    Auth_OpenID_getSecretSize($assoc_type));
+
+        $uniq = base64_encode(Auth_OpenID_CryptUtil::getBytes(4));
+        $handle = sprintf('{%s}{%x}{%s}', $assoc_type, intval(time()), $uniq);
+
+        $assoc = Auth_OpenID_Association::fromExpiresIn(
+                      $this->SECRET_LIFETIME, $handle, $secret, $assoc_type);
+
+        if ($dumb) {
+            $key = $this->dumb_key;
+        } else {
+            $key = $this->normal_key;
+        }
+
+        $this->store->storeAssociation($key, $assoc);
+        return $assoc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given an association handle, get the association from the
+     * store, or return a ServerError or null if something goes wrong.
+     */
+    function getAssociation($assoc_handle, $dumb, $check_expiration=true)
+    {
+        if ($assoc_handle === null) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(null,
+                                     "assoc_handle must not be null");
+        }
+
+        if ($dumb) {
+            $key = $this->dumb_key;
+        } else {
+            $key = $this->normal_key;
+        }
+
+        $assoc = $this->store->getAssociation($key, $assoc_handle);
+
+        if (($assoc !== null) && ($assoc->getExpiresIn() <= 0)) {
+            if ($check_expiration) {
+                $this->store->removeAssociation($key, $assoc_handle);
+                $assoc = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $assoc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalidate a given association handle.
+     */
+    function invalidate($assoc_handle, $dumb)
+    {
+        if ($dumb) {
+            $key = $this->dumb_key;
+        } else {
+            $key = $this->normal_key;
+        }
+        $this->store->removeAssociation($key, $assoc_handle);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode an {@link Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse} to an
+ * {@link Auth_OpenID_WebResponse}.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_Encoder {
+
+    var $responseFactory = 'Auth_OpenID_WebResponse';
+
+    /**
+     * Encode an {@link Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse} and return an
+     * {@link Auth_OpenID_WebResponse}.
+     */
+    function encode($response)
+    {
+        $cls = $this->responseFactory;
+
+        $encode_as = $response->whichEncoding();
+        if ($encode_as == Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_KVFORM) {
+            $wr = new $cls(null, null, $response->encodeToKVForm());
+            if (is_a($response, 'Auth_OpenID_ServerError')) {
+                $wr->code = AUTH_OPENID_HTTP_ERROR;
+            }
+        } else if ($encode_as == Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_URL) {
+            $location = $response->encodeToURL();
+            $wr = new $cls(AUTH_OPENID_HTTP_REDIRECT,
+                           array('location' => $location));
+        } else if ($encode_as == Auth_OpenID_ENCODE_HTML_FORM) {
+          $wr = new $cls(AUTH_OPENID_HTTP_OK, array(),
+                         $response->toHTML());
+        } else {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_EncodingError($response);
+        }
+        /* Allow the response to carry a custom error code (ex: for Association errors) */
+        if(isset($response->code)) {
+            $wr->code = $response->code;
+        }
+        return $wr;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An encoder which also takes care of signing fields when required.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_SigningEncoder extends Auth_OpenID_Encoder {
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_SigningEncoder($signatory)
+    {
+        $this->signatory = $signatory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sign an {@link Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse} and return an
+     * {@link Auth_OpenID_WebResponse}.
+     */
+    function encode($response)
+    {
+        // the isinstance is a bit of a kludge... it means there isn't
+        // really an adapter to make the interfaces quite match.
+        if (!is_a($response, 'Auth_OpenID_ServerError') &&
+            $response->needsSigning()) {
+
+            if (!$this->signatory) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(null,
+                                       "Must have a store to sign request");
+            }
+
+            if ($response->fields->hasKey(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'sig')) {
+                return new Auth_OpenID_AlreadySigned($response);
+            }
+            $response = $this->signatory->sign($response);
+        }
+
+        return parent::encode($response);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode an incoming query into an Auth_OpenID_Request.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_Decoder {
+
+    function Auth_OpenID_Decoder($server)
+    {
+        $this->server = $server;
+
+        $this->handlers = array(
+            'checkid_setup' => 'Auth_OpenID_CheckIDRequest',
+            'checkid_immediate' => 'Auth_OpenID_CheckIDRequest',
+            'check_authentication' => 'Auth_OpenID_CheckAuthRequest',
+            'associate' => 'Auth_OpenID_AssociateRequest'
+            );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given an HTTP query in an array (key-value pairs), decode it
+     * into an Auth_OpenID_Request object.
+     */
+    function decode($query)
+    {
+        if (!$query) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $message = Auth_OpenID_Message::fromPostArgs($query);
+
+        if ($message === null) {
+            /*
+             * It's useful to have a Message attached to a
+             * ProtocolError, so we override the bad ns value to build
+             * a Message out of it.  Kinda kludgy, since it's made of
+             * lies, but the parts that aren't lies are more useful
+             * than a 'None'.
+             */
+            $old_ns = $query['openid.ns'];
+
+            $query['openid.ns'] = Auth_OpenID_OPENID2_NS;
+            $message = Auth_OpenID_Message::fromPostArgs($query);
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError(
+                  $message,
+                  sprintf("Invalid OpenID namespace URI: %s", $old_ns));
+        }
+
+        $mode = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'mode');
+        if (!$mode) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+                                               "No mode value in message");
+        }
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($mode)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+                                               $mode->message);
+        }
+
+        $handlerCls = Auth_OpenID::arrayGet($this->handlers, $mode,
+                                            $this->defaultDecoder($message));
+
+        if (!is_a($handlerCls, 'Auth_OpenID_ServerError')) {
+            return call_user_func_array(array($handlerCls, 'fromMessage'),
+                                        array($message, $this->server));
+        } else {
+            return $handlerCls;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function defaultDecoder($message)
+    {
+        $mode = $message->getArg(Auth_OpenID_OPENID_NS, 'mode');
+
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($mode)) {
+            return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+                                               $mode->message);
+        }
+
+        return new Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message,
+                       sprintf("Unrecognized OpenID mode %s", $mode));
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error that indicates an encoding problem occurred.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_EncodingError {
+    function Auth_OpenID_EncodingError($response)
+    {
+        $this->response = $response;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error that indicates that a response was already signed.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_AlreadySigned extends Auth_OpenID_EncodingError {
+    // This response is already signed.
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error that indicates that the given return_to is not under the
+ * given trust_root.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_UntrustedReturnURL extends Auth_OpenID_ServerError {
+    function Auth_OpenID_UntrustedReturnURL($message, $return_to,
+                                            $trust_root)
+    {
+        parent::Auth_OpenID_ServerError($message, "Untrusted return_to URL");
+        $this->return_to = $return_to;
+        $this->trust_root = $trust_root;
+    }
+
+    function toString()
+    {
+        return sprintf("return_to %s not under trust_root %s",
+                       $this->return_to, $this->trust_root);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * I handle requests for an OpenID server.
+ *
+ * Some types of requests (those which are not checkid requests) may
+ * be handed to my {@link handleRequest} method, and I will take care
+ * of it and return a response.
+ *
+ * For your convenience, I also provide an interface to {@link
+ * Auth_OpenID_Decoder::decode()} and {@link
+ * Auth_OpenID_SigningEncoder::encode()} through my methods {@link
+ * decodeRequest} and {@link encodeResponse}.
+ *
+ * All my state is encapsulated in an {@link Auth_OpenID_OpenIDStore}.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ * <pre> $oserver = new Auth_OpenID_Server(Auth_OpenID_FileStore($data_path),
+ *                                   "http://example.com/op");
+ * $request = $oserver->decodeRequest();
+ * if (in_array($request->mode, array('checkid_immediate',
+ *                                    'checkid_setup'))) {
+ *     if ($app->isAuthorized($request->identity, $request->trust_root)) {
+ *         $response = $request->answer(true);
+ *     } else if ($request->immediate) {
+ *         $response = $request->answer(false);
+ *     } else {
+ *         $app->showDecidePage($request);
+ *         return;
+ *     }
+ * } else {
+ *     $response = $oserver->handleRequest($request);
+ * }
+ *
+ * $webresponse = $oserver->encode($response);</pre>
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_Server {
+    function Auth_OpenID_Server($store, $op_endpoint=null)
+    {
+        $this->store = $store;
+        $this->signatory = new Auth_OpenID_Signatory($this->store);
+        $this->encoder = new Auth_OpenID_SigningEncoder($this->signatory);
+        $this->decoder = new Auth_OpenID_Decoder($this);
+        $this->op_endpoint = $op_endpoint;
+        $this->negotiator = Auth_OpenID_getDefaultNegotiator();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handle a request.  Given an {@link Auth_OpenID_Request} object,
+     * call the appropriate {@link Auth_OpenID_Server} method to
+     * process the request and generate a response.
+     *
+     * @param Auth_OpenID_Request $request An {@link Auth_OpenID_Request}
+     * returned by {@link Auth_OpenID_Server::decodeRequest()}.
+     *
+     * @return Auth_OpenID_ServerResponse $response A response object
+     * capable of generating a user-agent reply.
+     */
+    function handleRequest($request)
+    {
+        if (method_exists($this, "openid_" . $request->mode)) {
+            $handler = array($this, "openid_" . $request->mode);
+            return call_user_func($handler, $request);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The callback for 'check_authentication' messages.
+     */
+    function openid_check_authentication($request)
+    {
+        return $request->answer($this->signatory);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The callback for 'associate' messages.
+     */
+    function openid_associate($request)
+    {
+        $assoc_type = $request->assoc_type;
+        $session_type = $request->session->session_type;
+        if ($this->negotiator->isAllowed($assoc_type, $session_type)) {
+            $assoc = $this->signatory->createAssociation(false,
+                                                         $assoc_type);
+            return $request->answer($assoc);
+        } else {
+            $message = sprintf('Association type %s is not supported with '.
+                               'session type %s', $assoc_type, $session_type);
+            list($preferred_assoc_type, $preferred_session_type) =
+                $this->negotiator->getAllowedType();
+            return $request->answerUnsupported($message,
+                                               $preferred_assoc_type,
+                                               $preferred_session_type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encodes as response in the appropriate format suitable for
+     * sending to the user agent.
+     */
+    function encodeResponse($response)
+    {
+        return $this->encoder->encode($response);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decodes a query args array into the appropriate
+     * {@link Auth_OpenID_Request} object.
+     */
+    function decodeRequest($query=null)
+    {
+        if ($query === null) {
+            $query = Auth_OpenID::getQuery();
+        }
+
+        return $this->decoder->decode($query);
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/ServerRequest.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/ServerRequest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69222a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/ServerRequest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * OpenID Server Request
+ *
+ * @see Auth_OpenID_Server
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Imports
+ */
+require_once "Auth/OpenID.php";
+
+/**
+ * Object that holds the state of a request to the OpenID server
+ *
+ * With accessor functions to get at the internal request data.
+ *
+ * @see Auth_OpenID_Server
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_ServerRequest {
+    function Auth_OpenID_ServerRequest()
+    {
+        $this->mode = null;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/TrustRoot.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/TrustRoot.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f53958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/TrustRoot.php
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Functions for dealing with OpenID trust roots
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID/Discover.php';
+
+/**
+ * A regular expression that matches a domain ending in a top-level domains.
+ * Used in checking trust roots for sanity.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('Auth_OpenID___TLDs',
+       '/\.(ac|ad|ae|aero|af|ag|ai|al|am|an|ao|aq|ar|arpa|as|asia' .
+       '|at|au|aw|ax|az|ba|bb|bd|be|bf|bg|bh|bi|biz|bj|bm|bn|bo|br' .
+       '|bs|bt|bv|bw|by|bz|ca|cat|cc|cd|cf|cg|ch|ci|ck|cl|cm|cn|co' .
+       '|com|coop|cr|cu|cv|cx|cy|cz|de|dj|dk|dm|do|dz|ec|edu|ee|eg' .
+       '|er|es|et|eu|fi|fj|fk|fm|fo|fr|ga|gb|gd|ge|gf|gg|gh|gi|gl' .
+       '|gm|gn|gov|gp|gq|gr|gs|gt|gu|gw|gy|hk|hm|hn|hr|ht|hu|id|ie' .
+       '|il|im|in|info|int|io|iq|ir|is|it|je|jm|jo|jobs|jp|ke|kg|kh' .
+       '|ki|km|kn|kp|kr|kw|ky|kz|la|lb|lc|li|lk|lr|ls|lt|lu|lv|ly' .
+       '|ma|mc|md|me|mg|mh|mil|mk|ml|mm|mn|mo|mobi|mp|mq|mr|ms|mt' .
+       '|mu|museum|mv|mw|mx|my|mz|na|name|nc|ne|net|nf|ng|ni|nl|no' .
+       '|np|nr|nu|nz|om|org|pa|pe|pf|pg|ph|pk|pl|pm|pn|pr|pro|ps|pt' .
+       '|pw|py|qa|re|ro|rs|ru|rw|sa|sb|sc|sd|se|sg|sh|si|sj|sk|sl' .
+       '|sm|sn|so|sr|st|su|sv|sy|sz|tc|td|tel|tf|tg|th|tj|tk|tl|tm' .
+       '|tn|to|tp|tr|travel|tt|tv|tw|tz|ua|ug|uk|us|uy|uz|va|vc|ve' .
+       '|vg|vi|vn|vu|wf|ws|xn--0zwm56d|xn--11b5bs3a9aj6g' .
+       '|xn--80akhbyknj4f|xn--9t4b11yi5a|xn--deba0ad|xn--g6w251d' .
+       '|xn--hgbk6aj7f53bba|xn--hlcj6aya9esc7a|xn--jxalpdlp' .
+       '|xn--kgbechtv|xn--zckzah|ye|yt|yu|za|zm|zw)\.?$/');
+
+define('Auth_OpenID___HostSegmentRe',
+       "/^(?:[-a-zA-Z0-9!$&'\\(\\)\\*+,;=._~]|%[a-zA-Z0-9]{2})*$/");
+
+/**
+ * A wrapper for trust-root related functions
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot {
+    /*
+     * Return a discovery URL for this realm.
+     *
+     * Return null if the realm could not be parsed or was not valid.
+     *
+     * @param return_to The relying party return URL of the OpenID
+     * authentication request
+     *
+     * @return The URL upon which relying party discovery should be
+     * run in order to verify the return_to URL
+     */
+    static function buildDiscoveryURL($realm)
+    {
+        $parsed = Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot::_parse($realm);
+
+        if ($parsed === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($parsed['wildcard']) {
+            // Use "www." in place of the star
+            if ($parsed['host'][0] != '.') {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $www_domain = 'www' . $parsed['host'];
+
+            return sprintf('%s://%s%s', $parsed['scheme'],
+                           $www_domain, $parsed['path']);
+        } else {
+            return $parsed['unparsed'];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a URL into its trust_root parts.
+     *
+     * @static
+     *
+     * @access private
+     *
+     * @param string $trust_root The url to parse
+     *
+     * @return mixed $parsed Either an associative array of trust root
+     * parts or false if parsing failed.
+     */
+    static function _parse($trust_root)
+    {
+        $trust_root = Auth_OpenID_urinorm($trust_root);
+        if ($trust_root === null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (preg_match("/:\/\/[^:]+(:\d+){2,}(\/|$)/", $trust_root)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $parts = @parse_url($trust_root);
+        if ($parts === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $required_parts = array('scheme', 'host');
+        $forbidden_parts = array('user', 'pass', 'fragment');
+        $keys = array_keys($parts);
+        if (array_intersect($keys, $required_parts) != $required_parts) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (array_intersect($keys, $forbidden_parts) != array()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!preg_match(Auth_OpenID___HostSegmentRe, $parts['host'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $scheme = strtolower($parts['scheme']);
+        $allowed_schemes = array('http', 'https');
+        if (!in_array($scheme, $allowed_schemes)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $parts['scheme'] = $scheme;
+
+        $host = strtolower($parts['host']);
+        $hostparts = explode('*', $host);
+        switch (count($hostparts)) {
+        case 1:
+            $parts['wildcard'] = false;
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            if ($hostparts[0] ||
+                ($hostparts[1] && substr($hostparts[1], 0, 1) != '.')) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $host = $hostparts[1];
+            $parts['wildcard'] = true;
+            break;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (strpos($host, ':') !== false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $parts['host'] = $host;
+
+        if (isset($parts['path'])) {
+            $path = strtolower($parts['path']);
+            if (substr($path, 0, 1) != '/') {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            $path = '/';
+        }
+
+        $parts['path'] = $path;
+        if (!isset($parts['port'])) {
+            $parts['port'] = false;
+        }
+
+
+        $parts['unparsed'] = $trust_root;
+
+        return $parts;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this trust root sane?
+     *
+     * A trust root is sane if it is syntactically valid and it has a
+     * reasonable domain name. Specifically, the domain name must be
+     * more than one level below a standard TLD or more than two
+     * levels below a two-letter tld.
+     *
+     * For example, '*.com' is not a sane trust root, but '*.foo.com'
+     * is.  '*.co.uk' is not sane, but '*.bbc.co.uk' is.
+     *
+     * This check is not always correct, but it attempts to err on the
+     * side of marking sane trust roots insane instead of marking
+     * insane trust roots sane. For example, 'kink.fm' is marked as
+     * insane even though it "should" (for some meaning of should) be
+     * marked sane.
+     *
+     * This function should be used when creating OpenID servers to
+     * alert the users of the server when a consumer attempts to get
+     * the user to accept a suspicious trust root.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @param string $trust_root The trust root to check
+     * @return bool $sanity Whether the trust root looks OK
+     */
+    static function isSane($trust_root)
+    {
+        $parts = Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot::_parse($trust_root);
+        if ($parts === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Localhost is a special case
+        if ($parts['host'] == 'localhost') {
+            return true;
+        }
+        
+        $host_parts = explode('.', $parts['host']);
+        if ($parts['wildcard']) {
+            // Remove the empty string from the beginning of the array
+            array_shift($host_parts);
+        }
+
+        if ($host_parts && !$host_parts[count($host_parts) - 1]) {
+            array_pop($host_parts);
+        }
+
+        if (!$host_parts) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Don't allow adjacent dots
+        if (in_array('', $host_parts, true)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Get the top-level domain of the host. If it is not a valid TLD,
+        // it's not sane.
+        preg_match(Auth_OpenID___TLDs, $parts['host'], $matches);
+        if (!$matches) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $tld = $matches[1];
+
+        if (count($host_parts) == 1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($parts['wildcard']) {
+            // It's a 2-letter tld with a short second to last segment
+            // so there needs to be more than two segments specified
+            // (e.g. *.co.uk is insane)
+            $second_level = $host_parts[count($host_parts) - 2];
+            if (strlen($tld) == 2 && strlen($second_level) <= 3) {
+                return count($host_parts) > 2;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does this URL match the given trust root?
+     *
+     * Return whether the URL falls under the given trust root. This
+     * does not check whether the trust root is sane. If the URL or
+     * trust root do not parse, this function will return false.
+     *
+     * @param string $trust_root The trust root to match against
+     *
+     * @param string $url The URL to check
+     *
+     * @return bool $matches Whether the URL matches against the
+     * trust root
+     */
+    static function match($trust_root, $url)
+    {
+        $trust_root_parsed = Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot::_parse($trust_root);
+        $url_parsed = Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot::_parse($url);
+        if (!$trust_root_parsed || !$url_parsed) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check hosts matching
+        if ($url_parsed['wildcard']) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ($trust_root_parsed['wildcard']) {
+            $host_tail = $trust_root_parsed['host'];
+            $host = $url_parsed['host'];
+            if ($host_tail &&
+                substr($host, -(strlen($host_tail))) != $host_tail &&
+                substr($host_tail, 1) != $host) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if ($trust_root_parsed['host'] != $url_parsed['host']) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check path and query matching
+        $base_path = $trust_root_parsed['path'];
+        $path = $url_parsed['path'];
+        if (!isset($trust_root_parsed['query'])) {
+            if ($base_path != $path) {
+                if (substr($path, 0, strlen($base_path)) != $base_path) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (substr($base_path, strlen($base_path) - 1, 1) != '/' &&
+                    substr($path, strlen($base_path), 1) != '/') {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            $base_query = $trust_root_parsed['query'];
+            $query = @$url_parsed['query'];
+            $qplus = substr($query, 0, strlen($base_query) + 1);
+            $bqplus = $base_query . '&';
+            if ($base_path != $path ||
+                ($base_query != $query && $qplus != $bqplus)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // The port and scheme need to match exactly
+        return ($trust_root_parsed['scheme'] == $url_parsed['scheme'] &&
+                $url_parsed['port'] === $trust_root_parsed['port']);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the endpoint is a relying party OpenID return_to endpoint,
+ * return the endpoint URL. Otherwise, return None.
+ *
+ * This function is intended to be used as a filter for the Yadis
+ * filtering interface.
+ *
+ * @see: C{L{openid.yadis.services}}
+ * @see: C{L{openid.yadis.filters}}
+ *
+ * @param endpoint: An XRDS BasicServiceEndpoint, as returned by
+ * performing Yadis dicovery.
+ *
+ * @returns: The endpoint URL or None if the endpoint is not a
+ * relying party endpoint.
+ */
+function filter_extractReturnURL($endpoint)
+{
+    if ($endpoint->matchTypes(array(Auth_OpenID_RP_RETURN_TO_URL_TYPE))) {
+        return $endpoint;
+    } else {
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
+function &Auth_OpenID_extractReturnURL(&$endpoint_list)
+{
+    $result = array();
+
+    foreach ($endpoint_list as $endpoint) {
+        if (filter_extractReturnURL($endpoint)) {
+            $result[] = $endpoint;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Is the return_to URL under one of the supplied allowed return_to
+ * URLs?
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_returnToMatches($allowed_return_to_urls, $return_to)
+{
+    foreach ($allowed_return_to_urls as $allowed_return_to) {
+        // A return_to pattern works the same as a realm, except that
+        // it's not allowed to use a wildcard. We'll model this by
+        // parsing it as a realm, and not trying to match it if it has
+        // a wildcard.
+
+        $return_realm = Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot::_parse($allowed_return_to);
+        if (// Parses as a trust root
+            ($return_realm !== false) &&
+            // Does not have a wildcard
+            (!$return_realm['wildcard']) &&
+            // Matches the return_to that we passed in with it
+            (Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot::match($allowed_return_to, $return_to))) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // No URL in the list matched
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a relying party discovery URL return a list of return_to
+ * URLs.
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_getAllowedReturnURLs($relying_party_url, $fetcher,
+              $discover_function=null)
+{
+    if ($discover_function === null) {
+        $discover_function = array('Auth_Yadis_Yadis', 'discover');
+    }
+
+    $xrds_parse_cb = array('Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint', 'consumerFromXRDS');
+
+    list($rp_url_after_redirects, $endpoints) =
+        Auth_Yadis_getServiceEndpoints($relying_party_url, $xrds_parse_cb,
+                                       $discover_function, $fetcher);
+
+    if ($rp_url_after_redirects != $relying_party_url) {
+        // Verification caused a redirect
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    call_user_func_array($discover_function,
+                         array($relying_party_url, $fetcher));
+
+    $return_to_urls = array();
+    $matching_endpoints = Auth_OpenID_extractReturnURL($endpoints);
+
+    foreach ($matching_endpoints as $e) {
+        $return_to_urls[] = $e->server_url;
+    }
+
+    return $return_to_urls;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify that a return_to URL is valid for the given realm.
+ *
+ * This function builds a discovery URL, performs Yadis discovery on
+ * it, makes sure that the URL does not redirect, parses out the
+ * return_to URLs, and finally checks to see if the current return_to
+ * URL matches the return_to.
+ *
+ * @return true if the return_to URL is valid for the realm
+ */
+function Auth_OpenID_verifyReturnTo($realm_str, $return_to, $fetcher,
+              $_vrfy='Auth_OpenID_getAllowedReturnURLs')
+{
+    $disco_url = Auth_OpenID_TrustRoot::buildDiscoveryURL($realm_str);
+
+    if ($disco_url === false) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    $allowable_urls = call_user_func_array($_vrfy,
+                           array($disco_url, $fetcher));
+
+    // The realm_str could not be parsed.
+    if ($allowable_urls === false) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (Auth_OpenID_returnToMatches($allowable_urls, $return_to)) {
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/URINorm.php b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/URINorm.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c051b55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/OpenID/URINorm.php
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * URI normalization routines.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+require_once 'Auth/Yadis/Misc.php';
+
+// from appendix B of rfc 3986 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt)
+function Auth_OpenID_getURIPattern()
+{
+    return '&^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?&';
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getAuthorityPattern()
+{
+    return '/^([^@]*@)?([^:]*)(:.*)?/';
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getEncodedPattern()
+{
+    return '/%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/';
+}
+
+# gen-delims  = ":" / "/" / "?" / "#" / "[" / "]" / "@"
+#
+# sub-delims  = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+#                  / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+#
+# unreserved  = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+function Auth_OpenID_getURLIllegalCharRE()
+{
+    return "/([^-A-Za-z0-9:\/\?#\[\]@\!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=\._~\%])/";
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getUnreserved()
+{
+    $_unreserved = array();
+    for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
+        $_unreserved[$i] = false;
+    }
+
+    for ($i = ord('A'); $i <= ord('Z'); $i++) {
+        $_unreserved[$i] = true;
+    }
+
+    for ($i = ord('0'); $i <= ord('9'); $i++) {
+        $_unreserved[$i] = true;
+    }
+
+    for ($i = ord('a'); $i <= ord('z'); $i++) {
+        $_unreserved[$i] = true;
+    }
+
+    $_unreserved[ord('-')] = true;
+    $_unreserved[ord('.')] = true;
+    $_unreserved[ord('_')] = true;
+    $_unreserved[ord('~')] = true;
+
+    return $_unreserved;
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_getEscapeRE()
+{
+    $parts = array();
+    foreach (array_merge(Auth_Yadis_getUCSChars(),
+                         Auth_Yadis_getIPrivateChars()) as $pair) {
+        list($m, $n) = $pair;
+        $parts[] = sprintf("%s-%s", chr($m), chr($n));
+    }
+
+    return sprintf('[%s]', implode('', $parts));
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_pct_encoded_replace_unreserved($mo)
+{
+    $_unreserved = Auth_OpenID_getUnreserved();
+
+    $i = intval($mo[1], 16);
+    if ($_unreserved[$i]) {
+        return chr($i);
+    } else {
+        return strtoupper($mo[0]);
+    }
+
+    return $mo[0];
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_pct_encoded_replace($mo)
+{
+    return chr(intval($mo[1], 16));
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_remove_dot_segments($path)
+{
+    $result_segments = array();
+
+    while ($path) {
+        if (Auth_Yadis_startswith($path, '../')) {
+            $path = substr($path, 3);
+        } else if (Auth_Yadis_startswith($path, './')) {
+            $path = substr($path, 2);
+        } else if (Auth_Yadis_startswith($path, '/./')) {
+            $path = substr($path, 2);
+        } else if ($path == '/.') {
+            $path = '/';
+        } else if (Auth_Yadis_startswith($path, '/../')) {
+            $path = substr($path, 3);
+            if ($result_segments) {
+                array_pop($result_segments);
+            }
+        } else if ($path == '/..') {
+            $path = '/';
+            if ($result_segments) {
+                array_pop($result_segments);
+            }
+        } else if (($path == '..') ||
+                   ($path == '.')) {
+            $path = '';
+        } else {
+            $i = 0;
+            if ($path[0] == '/') {
+                $i = 1;
+            }
+            $i = strpos($path, '/', $i);
+            if ($i === false) {
+                $i = strlen($path);
+            }
+            $result_segments[] = substr($path, 0, $i);
+            $path = substr($path, $i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return implode('', $result_segments);
+}
+
+function Auth_OpenID_urinorm($uri)
+{
+    $uri_matches = array();
+    preg_match(Auth_OpenID_getURIPattern(), $uri, $uri_matches);
+
+    if (count($uri_matches) < 9) {
+        for ($i = count($uri_matches); $i <= 9; $i++) {
+            $uri_matches[] = '';
+        }
+    }
+
+    $illegal_matches = array();
+    preg_match(Auth_OpenID_getURLIllegalCharRE(),
+               $uri, $illegal_matches);
+    if ($illegal_matches) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    $scheme = $uri_matches[2];
+    if ($scheme) {
+        $scheme = strtolower($scheme);
+    }
+
+    $scheme = $uri_matches[2];
+    if ($scheme === '') {
+        // No scheme specified
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    $scheme = strtolower($scheme);
+    if (!in_array($scheme, array('http', 'https'))) {
+        // Not an absolute HTTP or HTTPS URI
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    $authority = $uri_matches[4];
+    if ($authority === '') {
+        // Not an absolute URI
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    $authority_matches = array();
+    preg_match(Auth_OpenID_getAuthorityPattern(),
+               $authority, $authority_matches);
+    if (count($authority_matches) === 0) {
+        // URI does not have a valid authority
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    if (count($authority_matches) < 4) {
+        for ($i = count($authority_matches); $i <= 4; $i++) {
+            $authority_matches[] = '';
+        }
+    }
+
+    list($_whole, $userinfo, $host, $port) = $authority_matches;
+
+    if ($userinfo === null) {
+        $userinfo = '';
+    }
+
+    if (strpos($host, '%') !== -1) {
+        $host = strtolower($host);
+        $host = preg_replace_callback(
+                  Auth_OpenID_getEncodedPattern(),
+                  'Auth_OpenID_pct_encoded_replace', $host);
+        // NO IDNA.
+        // $host = unicode($host, 'utf-8').encode('idna');
+    } else {
+        $host = strtolower($host);
+    }
+
+    if ($port) {
+        if (($port == ':') ||
+            ($scheme == 'http' && $port == ':80') ||
+            ($scheme == 'https' && $port == ':443')) {
+            $port = '';
+        }
+    } else {
+        $port = '';
+    }
+
+    $authority = $userinfo . $host . $port;
+
+    $path = $uri_matches[5];
+    $path = preg_replace_callback(
+               Auth_OpenID_getEncodedPattern(),
+               'Auth_OpenID_pct_encoded_replace_unreserved', $path);
+
+    $path = Auth_OpenID_remove_dot_segments($path);
+    if (!$path) {
+        $path = '/';
+    }
+
+    $query = $uri_matches[6];
+    if ($query === null) {
+        $query = '';
+    }
+
+    $fragment = $uri_matches[8];
+    if ($fragment === null) {
+        $fragment = '';
+    }
+
+    return $scheme . '://' . $authority . $path . $query . $fragment;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/HTTPFetcher.php b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/HTTPFetcher.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..148cde1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/HTTPFetcher.php
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This module contains the HTTP fetcher interface
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Require logging functionality
+ */
+require_once "Auth/OpenID.php";
+
+define('Auth_OpenID_FETCHER_MAX_RESPONSE_KB', 1024);
+define('Auth_OpenID_USER_AGENT', 
+       'php-openid/'.Auth_OpenID_VERSION.' (php/'.phpversion().')');
+
+class Auth_Yadis_HTTPResponse {
+    function Auth_Yadis_HTTPResponse($final_url = null, $status = null,
+                                         $headers = null, $body = null)
+    {
+        $this->final_url = $final_url;
+        $this->status = $status;
+        $this->headers = $headers;
+        $this->body = $body;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This class is the interface for HTTP fetchers the Yadis library
+ * uses.  This interface is only important if you need to write a new
+ * fetcher for some reason.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_HTTPFetcher {
+
+    var $timeout = 20; // timeout in seconds.
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether a URL can be fetched.  Returns false if the URL
+     * scheme is not allowed or is not supported by this fetcher
+     * implementation; returns true otherwise.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function canFetchURL($url)
+    {
+        if ($this->isHTTPS($url) && !$this->supportsSSL()) {
+            Auth_OpenID::log("HTTPS URL unsupported fetching %s",
+                             $url);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->allowedURL($url)) {
+            Auth_OpenID::log("URL fetching not allowed for '%s'",
+                             $url);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether a URL should be allowed. Override this method to
+     * conform to your local policy.
+     *
+     * By default, will attempt to fetch any http or https URL.
+     */
+    function allowedURL($url)
+    {
+        return $this->URLHasAllowedScheme($url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does this fetcher implementation (and runtime) support fetching
+     * HTTPS URLs?  May inspect the runtime environment.
+     *
+     * @return bool $support True if this fetcher supports HTTPS
+     * fetching; false if not.
+     */
+    function supportsSSL()
+    {
+        trigger_error("not implemented", E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this an https URL?
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function isHTTPS($url)
+    {
+        return (bool)preg_match('/^https:\/\//i', $url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this an http or https URL?
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function URLHasAllowedScheme($url)
+    {
+        return (bool)preg_match('/^https?:\/\//i', $url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _findRedirect($headers, $url)
+    {
+        foreach ($headers as $line) {
+            if (strpos(strtolower($line), "location: ") === 0) {
+                $parts = explode(" ", $line, 2);
+                $loc = $parts[1];
+                $ppos = strpos($loc, "://");
+                if ($ppos === false || $ppos > strpos($loc, "/")) {
+                  /* no host; add it */
+                  $hpos = strpos($url, "://");
+                  $prt = substr($url, 0, $hpos+3);
+                  $url = substr($url, $hpos+3);
+                  if (substr($loc, 0, 1) == "/") {
+                    /* absolute path */
+                    $fspos = strpos($url, "/");
+                    if ($fspos) $loc = $prt.substr($url, 0, $fspos).$loc;
+                    else $loc = $prt.$url.$loc;
+                  } else {
+                    /* relative path */
+                    $pp = $prt;
+                    while (1) {
+                      $xpos = strpos($url, "/");
+                      if ($xpos === false) break;
+                      $apos = strpos($url, "?");
+                      if ($apos !== false && $apos < $xpos) break;
+                      $apos = strpos($url, "&");
+                      if ($apos !== false && $apos < $xpos) break;
+                      $pp .= substr($url, 0, $xpos+1);
+                      $url = substr($url, $xpos+1);
+                    }
+                    $loc = $pp.$loc;
+                  }
+                }
+                return $loc;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fetches the specified URL using optional extra headers and
+     * returns the server's response.
+     *
+     * @param string $url The URL to be fetched.
+     * @param array $extra_headers An array of header strings
+     * (e.g. "Accept: text/html").
+     * @return mixed $result An array of ($code, $url, $headers,
+     * $body) if the URL could be fetched; null if the URL does not
+     * pass the URLHasAllowedScheme check or if the server's response
+     * is malformed.
+     */
+    function get($url, $headers = null)
+    {
+        trigger_error("not implemented", E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Manager.php b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Manager.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5829de6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Manager.php
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Yadis service manager to be used during yadis-driven authentication
+ * attempts.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The base session class used by the Auth_Yadis_Manager.  This
+ * class wraps the default PHP session machinery and should be
+ * subclassed if your application doesn't use PHP sessioning.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_PHPSession {
+    /**
+     * Set a session key/value pair.
+     *
+     * @param string $name The name of the session key to add.
+     * @param string $value The value to add to the session.
+     */
+    function set($name, $value)
+    {
+        $_SESSION[$name] = $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a key's value from the session.
+     *
+     * @param string $name The name of the key to retrieve.
+     * @param string $default The optional value to return if the key
+     * is not found in the session.
+     * @return string $result The key's value in the session or
+     * $default if it isn't found.
+     */
+    function get($name, $default=null)
+    {
+        if (array_key_exists($name, $_SESSION)) {
+            return $_SESSION[$name];
+        } else {
+            return $default;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a key/value pair from the session.
+     *
+     * @param string $name The name of the key to remove.
+     */
+    function del($name)
+    {
+        unset($_SESSION[$name]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the contents of the session in array form.
+     */
+    function contents()
+    {
+        return $_SESSION;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A session helper class designed to translate between arrays and
+ * objects.  Note that the class used must have a constructor that
+ * takes no parameters.  This is not a general solution, but it works
+ * for dumb objects that just need to have attributes set.  The idea
+ * is that you'll subclass this and override $this->check($data) ->
+ * bool to implement your own session data validation.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_SessionLoader {
+    /**
+     * Override this.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function check($data)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a session data value (an array), this creates an object
+     * (returned by $this->newObject()) whose attributes and values
+     * are those in $data.  Returns null if $data lacks keys found in
+     * $this->requiredKeys().  Returns null if $this->check($data)
+     * evaluates to false.  Returns null if $this->newObject()
+     * evaluates to false.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function fromSession($data)
+    {
+        if (!$data) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $required = $this->requiredKeys();
+
+        foreach ($required as $k) {
+            if (!array_key_exists($k, $data)) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->check($data)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $data = array_merge($data, $this->prepareForLoad($data));
+        $obj = $this->newObject($data);
+
+        if (!$obj) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($required as $k) {
+            $obj->$k = $data[$k];
+        }
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepares the data array by making any necessary changes.
+     * Returns an array whose keys and values will be used to update
+     * the original data array before calling $this->newObject($data).
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function prepareForLoad($data)
+    {
+        return array();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a new instance of this loader's class, using the
+     * session data to construct it if necessary.  The object need
+     * only be created; $this->fromSession() will take care of setting
+     * the object's attributes.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function newObject($data)
+    {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of keys and values built from the attributes
+     * of $obj.  If $this->prepareForSave($obj) returns an array, its keys
+     * and values are used to update the $data array of attributes
+     * from $obj.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function toSession($obj)
+    {
+        $data = array();
+        foreach ($obj as $k => $v) {
+            $data[$k] = $v;
+        }
+
+        $extra = $this->prepareForSave($obj);
+
+        if ($extra && is_array($extra)) {
+            foreach ($extra as $k => $v) {
+                $data[$k] = $v;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $data;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Override this.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function prepareForSave($obj)
+    {
+        return array();
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A concrete loader implementation for Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoints.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpointLoader extends Auth_Yadis_SessionLoader {
+    function newObject($data)
+    {
+        return new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint();
+    }
+
+    function requiredKeys()
+    {
+        $obj = new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint();
+        $data = array();
+        foreach ($obj as $k => $v) {
+            $data[] = $k;
+        }
+        return $data;
+    }
+
+    function check($data)
+    {
+        return is_array($data['type_uris']);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A concrete loader implementation for Auth_Yadis_Managers.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_ManagerLoader extends Auth_Yadis_SessionLoader {
+    function requiredKeys()
+    {
+        return array('starting_url',
+                     'yadis_url',
+                     'services',
+                     'session_key',
+                     '_current',
+                     'stale');
+    }
+
+    function newObject($data)
+    {
+        return new Auth_Yadis_Manager($data['starting_url'],
+                                          $data['yadis_url'],
+                                          $data['services'],
+                                          $data['session_key']);
+    }
+
+    function check($data)
+    {
+        return is_array($data['services']);
+    }
+
+    function prepareForLoad($data)
+    {
+        $loader = new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpointLoader();
+        $services = array();
+        foreach ($data['services'] as $s) {
+            $services[] = $loader->fromSession($s);
+        }
+        return array('services' => $services);
+    }
+
+    function prepareForSave($obj)
+    {
+        $loader = new Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpointLoader();
+        $services = array();
+        foreach ($obj->services as $s) {
+            $services[] = $loader->toSession($s);
+        }
+        return array('services' => $services);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Yadis service manager which stores state in a session and
+ * iterates over <Service> elements in a Yadis XRDS document and lets
+ * a caller attempt to use each one.  This is used by the Yadis
+ * library internally.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_Manager {
+
+    /**
+     * Intialize a new yadis service manager.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function Auth_Yadis_Manager($starting_url, $yadis_url,
+                                    $services, $session_key)
+    {
+        // The URL that was used to initiate the Yadis protocol
+        $this->starting_url = $starting_url;
+
+        // The URL after following redirects (the identifier)
+        $this->yadis_url = $yadis_url;
+
+        // List of service elements
+        $this->services = $services;
+
+        $this->session_key = $session_key;
+
+        // Reference to the current service object
+        $this->_current = null;
+
+        // Stale flag for cleanup if PHP lib has trouble.
+        $this->stale = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function length()
+    {
+        // How many untried services remain?
+        return count($this->services);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the next service
+     *
+     * $this->current() will continue to return that service until the
+     * next call to this method.
+     */
+    function nextService()
+    {
+
+        if ($this->services) {
+            $this->_current = array_shift($this->services);
+        } else {
+            $this->_current = null;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_current;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function current()
+    {
+        // Return the current service.
+        // Returns None if there are no services left.
+        return $this->_current;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function forURL($url)
+    {
+        return in_array($url, array($this->starting_url, $this->yadis_url));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function started()
+    {
+        // Has the first service been returned?
+        return $this->_current !== null;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * State management for discovery.
+ *
+ * High-level usage pattern is to call .getNextService(discover) in
+ * order to find the next available service for this user for this
+ * session. Once a request completes, call .cleanup() to clean up the
+ * session state.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_Discovery {
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $DEFAULT_SUFFIX = 'auth';
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $PREFIX = '_yadis_services_';
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize a discovery object.
+     *
+     * @param Auth_Yadis_PHPSession $session An object which
+     * implements the Auth_Yadis_PHPSession API.
+     * @param string $url The URL on which to attempt discovery.
+     * @param string $session_key_suffix The optional session key
+     * suffix override.
+     */
+    function Auth_Yadis_Discovery($session, $url,
+                                      $session_key_suffix = null)
+    {
+        /// Initialize a discovery object
+        $this->session = $session;
+        $this->url = $url;
+        if ($session_key_suffix === null) {
+            $session_key_suffix = $this->DEFAULT_SUFFIX;
+        }
+
+        $this->session_key_suffix = $session_key_suffix;
+        $this->session_key = $this->PREFIX . $this->session_key_suffix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the next authentication service for the pair of
+     * user_input and session. This function handles fallback.
+     */
+    function getNextService($discover_cb, $fetcher)
+    {
+        $manager = $this->getManager();
+        if (!$manager || (!$manager->services)) {
+            $this->destroyManager();
+
+            list($yadis_url, $services) = call_user_func($discover_cb,
+                                                         $this->url,
+                                                         $fetcher);
+
+            $manager = $this->createManager($services, $yadis_url);
+        }
+
+        if ($manager) {
+            $loader = new Auth_Yadis_ManagerLoader();
+            $service = $manager->nextService();
+            $this->session->set($this->session_key,
+                                serialize($loader->toSession($manager)));
+        } else {
+            $service = null;
+        }
+
+        return $service;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clean up Yadis-related services in the session and return the
+     * most-recently-attempted service from the manager, if one
+     * exists.
+     *
+     * @param $force True if the manager should be deleted regardless
+     * of whether it's a manager for $this->url.
+     */
+    function cleanup($force=false)
+    {
+        $manager = $this->getManager($force);
+        if ($manager) {
+            $service = $manager->current();
+            $this->destroyManager($force);
+        } else {
+            $service = null;
+        }
+
+        return $service;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function getSessionKey()
+    {
+        // Get the session key for this starting URL and suffix
+        return $this->PREFIX . $this->session_key_suffix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     *
+     * @param $force True if the manager should be returned regardless
+     * of whether it's a manager for $this->url.
+     */
+    function getManager($force=false)
+    {
+        // Extract the YadisServiceManager for this object's URL and
+        // suffix from the session.
+
+        $manager_str = $this->session->get($this->getSessionKey());
+        $manager = null;
+
+        if ($manager_str !== null) {
+            $loader = new Auth_Yadis_ManagerLoader();
+            $manager = $loader->fromSession(unserialize($manager_str));
+        }
+
+        if ($manager && ($manager->forURL($this->url) || $force)) {
+            return $manager;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function createManager($services, $yadis_url = null)
+    {
+        $key = $this->getSessionKey();
+        if ($this->getManager()) {
+            return $this->getManager();
+        }
+
+        if ($services) {
+            $loader = new Auth_Yadis_ManagerLoader();
+            $manager = new Auth_Yadis_Manager($this->url, $yadis_url,
+                                              $services, $key);
+            $this->session->set($this->session_key,
+                                serialize($loader->toSession($manager)));
+            return $manager;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     *
+     * @param $force True if the manager should be deleted regardless
+     * of whether it's a manager for $this->url.
+     */
+    function destroyManager($force=false)
+    {
+        if ($this->getManager($force) !== null) {
+            $key = $this->getSessionKey();
+            $this->session->del($key);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Misc.php b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Misc.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5afa8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Misc.php
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Miscellaneous utility values and functions for OpenID and Yadis.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+function Auth_Yadis_getUCSChars()
+{
+    return array(
+                 array(0xA0, 0xD7FF),
+                 array(0xF900, 0xFDCF),
+                 array(0xFDF0, 0xFFEF),
+                 array(0x10000, 0x1FFFD),
+                 array(0x20000, 0x2FFFD),
+                 array(0x30000, 0x3FFFD),
+                 array(0x40000, 0x4FFFD),
+                 array(0x50000, 0x5FFFD),
+                 array(0x60000, 0x6FFFD),
+                 array(0x70000, 0x7FFFD),
+                 array(0x80000, 0x8FFFD),
+                 array(0x90000, 0x9FFFD),
+                 array(0xA0000, 0xAFFFD),
+                 array(0xB0000, 0xBFFFD),
+                 array(0xC0000, 0xCFFFD),
+                 array(0xD0000, 0xDFFFD),
+                 array(0xE1000, 0xEFFFD)
+                 );
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_getIPrivateChars()
+{
+    return array(
+                 array(0xE000, 0xF8FF),
+                 array(0xF0000, 0xFFFFD),
+                 array(0x100000, 0x10FFFD)
+                 );
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_pct_escape_unicode($char_match)
+{
+    $c = $char_match[0];
+    $result = "";
+    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($c); $i++) {
+        $result .= "%".sprintf("%X", ord($c[$i]));
+    }
+    return $result;
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_startswith($s, $stuff)
+{
+    return strpos($s, $stuff) === 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/ParanoidHTTPFetcher.php b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/ParanoidHTTPFetcher.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4da7c94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/ParanoidHTTPFetcher.php
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This module contains the CURL-based HTTP fetcher implementation.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Interface import
+ */
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/HTTPFetcher.php";
+
+require_once "Auth/OpenID.php";
+
+/**
+ * A paranoid {@link Auth_Yadis_HTTPFetcher} class which uses CURL
+ * for fetching.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_ParanoidHTTPFetcher extends Auth_Yadis_HTTPFetcher {
+    function Auth_Yadis_ParanoidHTTPFetcher()
+    {
+        $this->reset();
+    }
+
+    function reset()
+    {
+        $this->headers = array();
+        $this->data = "";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _writeHeader($ch, $header)
+    {
+        array_push($this->headers, rtrim($header));
+        return strlen($header);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _writeData($ch, $data)
+    {
+        if (strlen($this->data) > 1024*Auth_OpenID_FETCHER_MAX_RESPONSE_KB) {
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            $this->data .= $data;
+            return strlen($data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does this fetcher support SSL URLs?
+     */
+    function supportsSSL()
+    {
+        $v = curl_version();
+        if(is_array($v)) {
+            return in_array('https', $v['protocols']);
+        } elseif (is_string($v)) {
+            return preg_match('/OpenSSL/i', $v);
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function get($url, $extra_headers = null)
+    {
+        if (!$this->canFetchURL($url)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $stop = time() + $this->timeout;
+        $off = $this->timeout;
+
+        $redir = true;
+
+        while ($redir && ($off > 0)) {
+            $this->reset();
+
+            $c = curl_init();
+
+            if ($c === false) {
+                Auth_OpenID::log(
+                    "curl_init returned false; could not " .
+                    "initialize for URL '%s'", $url);
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (defined('CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL')) {
+                curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, true);
+            }
+
+            if (!$this->allowedURL($url)) {
+                Auth_OpenID::log("Fetching URL not allowed: %s",
+                                 $url);
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,
+                        array($this, "_writeData"));
+            curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION,
+                        array($this, "_writeHeader"));
+
+            if ($extra_headers) {
+                curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $extra_headers);
+            }
+
+            $cv = curl_version();
+            if(is_array($cv)) {
+              $curl_user_agent = 'curl/'.$cv['version'];
+            } else {
+              $curl_user_agent = $cv;
+            }
+            curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_USERAGENT,
+                        Auth_OpenID_USER_AGENT.' '.$curl_user_agent);
+            curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, $off);
+            curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
+
+            if (defined('Auth_OpenID_VERIFY_HOST')) {
+                curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true);
+                curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
+            }
+            curl_exec($c);
+
+            $code = curl_getinfo($c, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
+            $body = $this->data;
+            $headers = $this->headers;
+
+            if (!$code) {
+                Auth_OpenID::log("Got no response code when fetching %s", $url);
+                Auth_OpenID::log("CURL error (%s): %s",
+                                 curl_errno($c), curl_error($c));
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (in_array($code, array(301, 302, 303, 307))) {
+                $url = $this->_findRedirect($headers, $url);
+                $redir = true;
+            } else {
+                $redir = false;
+                curl_close($c);
+
+                if (defined('Auth_OpenID_VERIFY_HOST') &&
+                    $this->isHTTPS($url)) {
+                    Auth_OpenID::log('OpenID: Verified SSL host %s using '.
+                                     'curl/get', $url);
+                }
+                $new_headers = array();
+
+                foreach ($headers as $header) {
+                    if (strpos($header, ': ')) {
+                        list($name, $value) = explode(': ', $header, 2);
+                        $new_headers[$name] = $value;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Auth_OpenID::log(
+                    "Successfully fetched '%s': GET response code %s",
+                    $url, $code);
+
+                return new Auth_Yadis_HTTPResponse($url, $code,
+                                                    $new_headers, $body);
+            }
+
+            $off = $stop - time();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    function post($url, $body, $extra_headers = null)
+    {
+        if (!$this->canFetchURL($url)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $this->reset();
+
+        $c = curl_init();
+
+        if (defined('CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL')) {
+            curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, true);
+        }
+
+        curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_POST, true);
+        curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $body);
+        curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, $this->timeout);
+        curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
+        curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,
+                    array($this, "_writeData"));
+
+        if (defined('Auth_OpenID_VERIFY_HOST')) {
+            curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true);
+            curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
+        }
+
+        curl_exec($c);
+
+        $code = curl_getinfo($c, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
+
+        if (!$code) {
+            Auth_OpenID::log("Got no response code when fetching %s", $url);
+            Auth_OpenID::log("CURL error (%s): %s",
+                             curl_errno($c), curl_error($c));
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (defined('Auth_OpenID_VERIFY_HOST') && $this->isHTTPS($url)) {
+            Auth_OpenID::log('OpenID: Verified SSL host %s using '.
+                             'curl/post', $url);
+        }
+        $body = $this->data;
+
+        curl_close($c);
+
+        $new_headers = $extra_headers;
+
+        foreach ($this->headers as $header) {
+            if (strpos($header, ': ')) {
+                list($name, $value) = explode(': ', $header, 2);
+                $new_headers[$name] = $value;
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        Auth_OpenID::log("Successfully fetched '%s': POST response code %s",
+                         $url, $code);
+
+        return new Auth_Yadis_HTTPResponse($url, $code,
+                                           $new_headers, $body);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/ParseHTML.php b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/ParseHTML.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f0f8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/ParseHTML.php
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This is the HTML pseudo-parser for the Yadis library.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This class is responsible for scanning an HTML string to find META
+ * tags and their attributes.  This is used by the Yadis discovery
+ * process.  This class must be instantiated to be used.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_ParseHTML {
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $_re_flags = "si";
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $_removed_re =
+           "<!--.*?-->|<!\[CDATA\[.*?\]\]>|<script\b(?!:)[^>]*>.*?<\/script>";
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $_tag_expr = "<%s%s(?:\s.*?)?%s>";
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $_attr_find = '\b([-\w]+)=(".*?"|\'.*?\'|.+?)[\/\s>]';
+
+    function Auth_Yadis_ParseHTML()
+    {
+        $this->_attr_find = sprintf("/%s/%s",
+                                    $this->_attr_find,
+                                    $this->_re_flags);
+
+        $this->_removed_re = sprintf("/%s/%s",
+                                     $this->_removed_re,
+                                     $this->_re_flags);
+
+        $this->_entity_replacements = array(
+                                            'amp' => '&',
+                                            'lt' => '<',
+                                            'gt' => '>',
+                                            'quot' => '"'
+                                            );
+
+        $this->_ent_replace =
+            sprintf("&(%s);", implode("|",
+                                      $this->_entity_replacements));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replace HTML entities (amp, lt, gt, and quot) as well as
+     * numeric entities (e.g. #x9f;) with their actual values and
+     * return the new string.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $str The string in which to look for entities
+     * @return string $new_str The new string entities decoded
+     */
+    function replaceEntities($str)
+    {
+        foreach ($this->_entity_replacements as $old => $new) {
+            $str = preg_replace(sprintf("/&%s;/", $old), $new, $str);
+        }
+
+        // Replace numeric entities because html_entity_decode doesn't
+        // do it for us.
+        $str = preg_replace('~&#x([0-9a-f]+);~ei', 'chr(hexdec("\\1"))', $str);
+        $str = preg_replace('~&#([0-9]+);~e', 'chr(\\1)', $str);
+
+        return $str;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Strip single and double quotes off of a string, if they are
+     * present.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $str The original string
+     * @return string $new_str The new string with leading and
+     * trailing quotes removed
+     */
+    function removeQuotes($str)
+    {
+        $matches = array();
+        $double = '/^"(.*)"$/';
+        $single = "/^\'(.*)\'$/";
+
+        if (preg_match($double, $str, $matches)) {
+            return $matches[1];
+        } else if (preg_match($single, $str, $matches)) {
+            return $matches[1];
+        } else {
+            return $str;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a regular expression that will match an opening 
+     * or closing tag from a set of names.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param mixed $tag_names Tag names to match
+     * @param mixed $close false/0 = no, true/1 = yes, other = maybe
+     * @param mixed $self_close false/0 = no, true/1 = yes, other = maybe
+     * @return string $regex A regular expression string to be used
+     * in, say, preg_match.
+     */
+    function tagPattern($tag_names, $close, $self_close)
+    {
+        if (is_array($tag_names)) {
+            $tag_names = '(?:'.implode('|',$tag_names).')';
+        }
+        if ($close) {
+            $close = '\/' . (($close == 1)? '' : '?');
+        } else {
+            $close = '';
+        }
+        if ($self_close) {
+            $self_close = '(?:\/\s*)' . (($self_close == 1)? '' : '?');
+        } else {
+            $self_close = '';
+        }
+        $expr = sprintf($this->_tag_expr, $close, $tag_names, $self_close);
+
+        return sprintf("/%s/%s", $expr, $this->_re_flags);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given an HTML document string, this finds all the META tags in
+     * the document, provided they are found in the
+     * <HTML><HEAD>...</HEAD> section of the document.  The <HTML> tag
+     * may be missing.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $html_string An HTMl document string
+     * @return array $tag_list Array of tags; each tag is an array of
+     * attribute -> value.
+     */
+    function getMetaTags($html_string)
+    {
+        $html_string = preg_replace($this->_removed_re,
+                                    "",
+                                    $html_string);
+
+        $key_tags = array($this->tagPattern('html', false, false),
+                          $this->tagPattern('head', false, false),
+                          $this->tagPattern('head', true, false),
+                          $this->tagPattern('html', true, false),
+                          $this->tagPattern(array(
+                          'body', 'frameset', 'frame', 'p', 'div',
+                          'table','span','a'), 'maybe', 'maybe'));
+        $key_tags_pos = array();
+        foreach ($key_tags as $pat) {
+            $matches = array();
+            preg_match($pat, $html_string, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
+            if($matches) {
+                $key_tags_pos[] = $matches[0][1];
+            } else {
+                $key_tags_pos[] = null;
+            }
+        }
+        // no opening head tag
+        if (is_null($key_tags_pos[1])) {
+            return array();
+        }
+        // the effective </head> is the min of the following
+        if (is_null($key_tags_pos[2])) {
+            $key_tags_pos[2] = strlen($html_string);
+        }
+        foreach (array($key_tags_pos[3], $key_tags_pos[4]) as $pos) {
+            if (!is_null($pos) && $pos < $key_tags_pos[2]) {
+                $key_tags_pos[2] = $pos;
+            }
+        }
+        // closing head tag comes before opening head tag
+        if ($key_tags_pos[1] > $key_tags_pos[2]) {
+            return array();
+        }
+        // if there is an opening html tag, make sure the opening head tag
+        // comes after it
+        if (!is_null($key_tags_pos[0]) && $key_tags_pos[1] < $key_tags_pos[0]) {
+            return array();
+        }
+        $html_string = substr($html_string, $key_tags_pos[1],
+                              ($key_tags_pos[2]-$key_tags_pos[1]));
+
+        $link_data = array();
+        $link_matches = array();
+        
+        if (!preg_match_all($this->tagPattern('meta', false, 'maybe'),
+                            $html_string, $link_matches)) {
+            return array();
+        }
+
+        foreach ($link_matches[0] as $link) {
+            $attr_matches = array();
+            preg_match_all($this->_attr_find, $link, $attr_matches);
+            $link_attrs = array();
+            foreach ($attr_matches[0] as $index => $full_match) {
+                $name = $attr_matches[1][$index];
+                $value = $this->replaceEntities(
+                              $this->removeQuotes($attr_matches[2][$index]));
+
+                $link_attrs[strtolower($name)] = $value;
+            }
+            $link_data[] = $link_attrs;
+        }
+
+        return $link_data;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Looks for a META tag with an "http-equiv" attribute whose value
+     * is one of ("x-xrds-location", "x-yadis-location"), ignoring
+     * case.  If such a META tag is found, its "content" attribute
+     * value is returned.
+     *
+     * @param string $html_string An HTML document in string format
+     * @return mixed $content The "content" attribute value of the
+     * META tag, if found, or null if no such tag was found.
+     */
+    function getHTTPEquiv($html_string)
+    {
+        $meta_tags = $this->getMetaTags($html_string);
+
+        if ($meta_tags) {
+            foreach ($meta_tags as $tag) {
+                if (array_key_exists('http-equiv', $tag) &&
+                    (in_array(strtolower($tag['http-equiv']),
+                              array('x-xrds-location', 'x-yadis-location'))) &&
+                    array_key_exists('content', $tag)) {
+                    return $tag['content'];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/PlainHTTPFetcher.php b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/PlainHTTPFetcher.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2689053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/PlainHTTPFetcher.php
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This module contains the plain non-curl HTTP fetcher
+ * implementation.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Interface import
+ */
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/HTTPFetcher.php";
+
+/**
+ * This class implements a plain, hand-built socket-based fetcher
+ * which will be used in the event that CURL is unavailable.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_PlainHTTPFetcher extends Auth_Yadis_HTTPFetcher {
+    /**
+     * Does this fetcher support SSL URLs?
+     */
+    function supportsSSL()
+    {
+        return function_exists('openssl_open');
+    }
+
+    function get($url, $extra_headers = null)
+    {
+        if (!$this->canFetchURL($url)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $redir = true;
+
+        $stop = time() + $this->timeout;
+        $off = $this->timeout;
+
+        while ($redir && ($off > 0)) {
+
+            $parts = parse_url($url);
+
+            $specify_port = true;
+
+            // Set a default port.
+            if (!array_key_exists('port', $parts)) {
+                $specify_port = false;
+                if ($parts['scheme'] == 'http') {
+                    $parts['port'] = 80;
+                } elseif ($parts['scheme'] == 'https') {
+                    $parts['port'] = 443;
+                } else {
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!array_key_exists('path', $parts)) {
+                $parts['path'] = '/';
+            }
+
+            $host = $parts['host'];
+
+            if ($parts['scheme'] == 'https') {
+                $host = 'ssl://' . $host;
+            }
+
+            $user_agent = Auth_OpenID_USER_AGENT;
+
+            $headers = array(
+                             "GET ".$parts['path'].
+                             (array_key_exists('query', $parts) ?
+                              "?".$parts['query'] : "").
+                                 " HTTP/1.0",
+                             "User-Agent: $user_agent",
+                             "Host: ".$parts['host'].
+                                ($specify_port ? ":".$parts['port'] : ""),
+                             "Port: ".$parts['port']);
+
+            $errno = 0;
+            $errstr = '';
+
+            if ($extra_headers) {
+                foreach ($extra_headers as $h) {
+                    $headers[] = $h;
+                }
+            }
+
+            @$sock = fsockopen($host, $parts['port'], $errno, $errstr,
+                               $this->timeout);
+            if ($sock === false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            stream_set_timeout($sock, $this->timeout);
+
+            fputs($sock, implode("\r\n", $headers) . "\r\n\r\n");
+
+            $data = "";
+            $kilobytes = 0;
+            while (!feof($sock) &&
+                   $kilobytes < Auth_OpenID_FETCHER_MAX_RESPONSE_KB ) {
+                $data .= fgets($sock, 1024);
+                $kilobytes += 1;
+            }
+
+            fclose($sock);
+
+            // Split response into header and body sections
+            list($headers, $body) = explode("\r\n\r\n", $data, 2);
+            $headers = explode("\r\n", $headers);
+
+            $http_code = explode(" ", $headers[0]);
+            $code = $http_code[1];
+
+            if (in_array($code, array('301', '302'))) {
+                $url = $this->_findRedirect($headers, $url);
+                $redir = true;
+            } else {
+                $redir = false;
+            }
+
+            $off = $stop - time();
+        }
+
+        $new_headers = array();
+
+        foreach ($headers as $header) {
+            if (preg_match("/:/", $header)) {
+                $parts = explode(": ", $header, 2);
+
+                if (count($parts) == 2) {
+                    list($name, $value) = $parts;
+                    $new_headers[$name] = $value;
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        return new Auth_Yadis_HTTPResponse($url, $code, $new_headers, $body);
+    }
+
+    function post($url, $body, $extra_headers = null)
+    {
+        if (!$this->canFetchURL($url)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $parts = parse_url($url);
+
+        $headers = array();
+
+        $post_path = $parts['path'];
+        if (isset($parts['query'])) {
+            $post_path .= '?' . $parts['query'];
+        }
+
+        $headers[] = "POST ".$post_path." HTTP/1.0";
+        $headers[] = "Host: " . $parts['host'];
+        $headers[] = "Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
+        $headers[] = "Content-length: " . strval(strlen($body));
+
+        if ($extra_headers &&
+            is_array($extra_headers)) {
+            $headers = array_merge($headers, $extra_headers);
+        }
+
+        // Join all headers together.
+        $all_headers = implode("\r\n", $headers);
+
+        // Add headers, two newlines, and request body.
+        $request = $all_headers . "\r\n\r\n" . $body;
+
+        // Set a default port.
+        if (!array_key_exists('port', $parts)) {
+            if ($parts['scheme'] == 'http') {
+                $parts['port'] = 80;
+            } elseif ($parts['scheme'] == 'https') {
+                $parts['port'] = 443;
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($parts['scheme'] == 'https') {
+            $parts['host'] = sprintf("ssl://%s", $parts['host']);
+        }
+
+        // Connect to the remote server.
+        $errno = 0;
+        $errstr = '';
+
+        $sock = fsockopen($parts['host'], $parts['port'], $errno, $errstr,
+                          $this->timeout);
+
+        if ($sock === false) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        stream_set_timeout($sock, $this->timeout);
+
+        // Write the POST request.
+        fputs($sock, $request);
+
+        // Get the response from the server.
+        $response = "";
+        while (!feof($sock)) {
+            if ($data = fgets($sock, 128)) {
+                $response .= $data;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Split the request into headers and body.
+        list($headers, $response_body) = explode("\r\n\r\n", $response, 2);
+
+        $headers = explode("\r\n", $headers);
+
+        // Expect the first line of the headers data to be something
+        // like HTTP/1.1 200 OK.  Split the line on spaces and take
+        // the second token, which should be the return code.
+        $http_code = explode(" ", $headers[0]);
+        $code = $http_code[1];
+
+        $new_headers = array();
+
+        foreach ($headers as $header) {
+            if (preg_match("/:/", $header)) {
+                list($name, $value) = explode(": ", $header, 2);
+                $new_headers[$name] = $value;
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        return new Auth_Yadis_HTTPResponse($url, $code,
+                                           $new_headers, $response_body);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XML.php b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XML.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf1f5c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XML.php
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * XML-parsing classes to wrap the domxml and DOM extensions for PHP 4
+ * and 5, respectively.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The base class for wrappers for available PHP XML-parsing
+ * extensions.  To work with this Yadis library, subclasses of this
+ * class MUST implement the API as defined in the remarks for this
+ * class.  Subclasses of Auth_Yadis_XMLParser are used to wrap
+ * particular PHP XML extensions such as 'domxml'.  These are used
+ * internally by the library depending on the availability of
+ * supported PHP XML extensions.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_XMLParser {
+    /**
+     * Initialize an instance of Auth_Yadis_XMLParser with some
+     * XML and namespaces.  This SHOULD NOT be overridden by
+     * subclasses.
+     *
+     * @param string $xml_string A string of XML to be parsed.
+     * @param array $namespace_map An array of ($ns_name => $ns_uri)
+     * to be registered with the XML parser.  May be empty.
+     * @return boolean $result True if the initialization and
+     * namespace registration(s) succeeded; false otherwise.
+     */
+    function init($xml_string, $namespace_map)
+    {
+        if (!$this->setXML($xml_string)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($namespace_map as $prefix => $uri) {
+            if (!$this->registerNamespace($prefix, $uri)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a namespace with the XML parser.  This should be
+     * overridden by subclasses.
+     *
+     * @param string $prefix The namespace prefix to appear in XML tag
+     * names.
+     *
+     * @param string $uri The namespace URI to be used to identify the
+     * namespace in the XML.
+     *
+     * @return boolean $result True if the registration succeeded;
+     * false otherwise.
+     */
+    function registerNamespace($prefix, $uri)
+    {
+        // Not implemented.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set this parser object's XML payload.  This should be
+     * overridden by subclasses.
+     *
+     * @param string $xml_string The XML string to pass to this
+     * object's XML parser.
+     *
+     * @return boolean $result True if the initialization succeeded;
+     * false otherwise.
+     */
+    function setXML($xml_string)
+    {
+        // Not implemented.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluate an XPath expression and return the resulting node
+     * list.  This should be overridden by subclasses.
+     *
+     * @param string $xpath The XPath expression to be evaluated.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $node A node object resulting from a previous
+     * evalXPath call.  This node, if specified, provides the context
+     * for the evaluation of this xpath expression.
+     *
+     * @return array $node_list An array of matching opaque node
+     * objects to be used with other methods of this parser class.
+     */
+    function &evalXPath($xpath, $node = null)
+    {
+        // Not implemented.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the textual content of a specified node.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $node A node object from a previous call to
+     * $this->evalXPath().
+     *
+     * @return string $content The content of this node.
+     */
+    function content($node)
+    {
+        // Not implemented.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the attributes of a specified node.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $node A node object from a previous call to
+     * $this->evalXPath().
+     *
+     * @return array $attrs An array mapping attribute names to
+     * values.
+     */
+    function attributes($node)
+    {
+        // Not implemented.
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This concrete implementation of Auth_Yadis_XMLParser implements
+ * the appropriate API for the 'domxml' extension which is typically
+ * packaged with PHP 4.  This class will be used whenever the 'domxml'
+ * extension is detected.  See the Auth_Yadis_XMLParser class for
+ * details on this class's methods.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_domxml extends Auth_Yadis_XMLParser {
+    function Auth_Yadis_domxml()
+    {
+        $this->xml = null;
+        $this->doc = null;
+        $this->xpath = null;
+        $this->errors = array();
+    }
+
+    function setXML($xml_string)
+    {
+        $this->xml = $xml_string;
+        $this->doc = @domxml_open_mem($xml_string, DOMXML_LOAD_PARSING,
+                                      $this->errors);
+
+        if (!$this->doc) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->xpath = $this->doc->xpath_new_context();
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function registerNamespace($prefix, $uri)
+    {
+        return xpath_register_ns($this->xpath, $prefix, $uri);
+    }
+
+    function &evalXPath($xpath, $node = null)
+    {
+        if ($node) {
+            $result = @$this->xpath->xpath_eval($xpath, $node);
+        } else {
+            $result = @$this->xpath->xpath_eval($xpath);
+        }
+
+        if (!$result) {
+            $n = array();
+            return $n;
+        }
+
+        if (!$result->nodeset) {
+            $n = array();
+            return $n;
+        }
+
+        return $result->nodeset;
+    }
+
+    function content($node)
+    {
+        if ($node) {
+            return $node->get_content();
+        }
+    }
+
+    function attributes($node)
+    {
+        if ($node) {
+            $arr = $node->attributes();
+            $result = array();
+
+            if ($arr) {
+                foreach ($arr as $attrnode) {
+                    $result[$attrnode->name] = $attrnode->value;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return $result;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This concrete implementation of Auth_Yadis_XMLParser implements
+ * the appropriate API for the 'dom' extension which is typically
+ * packaged with PHP 5.  This class will be used whenever the 'dom'
+ * extension is detected.  See the Auth_Yadis_XMLParser class for
+ * details on this class's methods.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_dom extends Auth_Yadis_XMLParser {
+    function Auth_Yadis_dom()
+    {
+        $this->xml = null;
+        $this->doc = null;
+        $this->xpath = null;
+        $this->errors = array();
+    }
+
+    function setXML($xml_string)
+    {
+        $this->xml = $xml_string;
+        $this->doc = new DOMDocument;
+
+        if (!$this->doc) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!@$this->doc->loadXML($xml_string)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->xpath = new DOMXPath($this->doc);
+
+        if ($this->xpath) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function registerNamespace($prefix, $uri)
+    {
+        return $this->xpath->registerNamespace($prefix, $uri);
+    }
+
+    function &evalXPath($xpath, $node = null)
+    {
+        if ($node) {
+            $result = @$this->xpath->query($xpath, $node);
+        } else {
+            $result = @$this->xpath->query($xpath);
+        }
+
+        $n = array();
+
+        if (!$result) {
+            return $n;
+        }
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $result->length; $i++) {
+            $n[] = $result->item($i);
+        }
+
+        return $n;
+    }
+
+    function content($node)
+    {
+        if ($node) {
+            return $node->textContent;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function attributes($node)
+    {
+        if ($node) {
+            $arr = $node->attributes;
+            $result = array();
+
+            if ($arr) {
+                for ($i = 0; $i < $arr->length; $i++) {
+                    $node = $arr->item($i);
+                    $result[$node->nodeName] = $node->nodeValue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return $result;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+global $__Auth_Yadis_defaultParser;
+$__Auth_Yadis_defaultParser = null;
+
+/**
+ * Set a default parser to override the extension-driven selection of
+ * available parser classes.  This is helpful in a test environment or
+ * one in which multiple parsers can be used but one is more
+ * desirable.
+ *
+ * @param Auth_Yadis_XMLParser $parser An instance of a
+ * Auth_Yadis_XMLParser subclass.
+ */
+function Auth_Yadis_setDefaultParser($parser)
+{
+    global $__Auth_Yadis_defaultParser;
+    $__Auth_Yadis_defaultParser = $parser;
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_getSupportedExtensions()
+{
+    return array('dom'    => 'Auth_Yadis_dom',
+                 'domxml' => 'Auth_Yadis_domxml');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns an instance of a Auth_Yadis_XMLParser subclass based on
+ * the availability of PHP extensions for XML parsing.  If
+ * Auth_Yadis_setDefaultParser has been called, the parser used in
+ * that call will be returned instead.
+ */
+function Auth_Yadis_getXMLParser()
+{
+    global $__Auth_Yadis_defaultParser;
+    
+    if (isset($__Auth_Yadis_defaultParser)) {
+        return $__Auth_Yadis_defaultParser;
+    }
+    
+    foreach(Auth_Yadis_getSupportedExtensions() as $extension => $classname)
+    {
+      if (extension_loaded($extension))
+      {
+        $p = new $classname();
+        Auth_Yadis_setDefaultParser($p);
+        return $p;
+      }
+    }
+    
+    return false;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRDS.php b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRDS.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..044d1e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRDS.php
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This module contains the XRDS parsing code.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Require the XPath implementation.
+ */
+require_once 'Auth/Yadis/XML.php';
+
+/**
+ * This match mode means a given service must match ALL filters passed
+ * to the Auth_Yadis_XRDS::services() call.
+ */
+define('SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ALL', 101);
+
+/**
+ * This match mode means a given service must match ANY filters (at
+ * least one) passed to the Auth_Yadis_XRDS::services() call.
+ */
+define('SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ANY', 102);
+
+/**
+ * The priority value used for service elements with no priority
+ * specified.
+ */
+define('SERVICES_YADIS_MAX_PRIORITY', pow(2, 30));
+
+/**
+ * XRD XML namespace
+ */
+define('Auth_Yadis_XMLNS_XRD_2_0', 'xri://$xrd*($v*2.0)');
+
+/**
+ * XRDS XML namespace
+ */
+define('Auth_Yadis_XMLNS_XRDS', 'xri://$xrds');
+
+function Auth_Yadis_getNSMap()
+{
+    return array('xrds' => Auth_Yadis_XMLNS_XRDS,
+                 'xrd' => Auth_Yadis_XMLNS_XRD_2_0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @access private
+ */
+function Auth_Yadis_array_scramble($arr)
+{
+    $result = array();
+
+    while (count($arr)) {
+        $index = array_rand($arr, 1);
+        $result[] = $arr[$index];
+        unset($arr[$index]);
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This class represents a <Service> element in an XRDS document.
+ * Objects of this type are returned by
+ * Auth_Yadis_XRDS::services() and
+ * Auth_Yadis_Yadis::services().  Each object corresponds directly
+ * to a <Service> element in the XRDS and supplies a
+ * getElements($name) method which you should use to inspect the
+ * element's contents.  See {@link Auth_Yadis_Yadis} for more
+ * information on the role this class plays in Yadis discovery.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_Service {
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an empty service object.
+     */
+    function Auth_Yadis_Service()
+    {
+        $this->element = null;
+        $this->parser = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the URIs in the "Type" elements, if any, of this Service
+     * element.
+     *
+     * @return array $type_uris An array of Type URI strings.
+     */
+    function getTypes()
+    {
+        $t = array();
+        foreach ($this->getElements('xrd:Type') as $elem) {
+            $c = $this->parser->content($elem);
+            if ($c) {
+                $t[] = $c;
+            }
+        }
+        return $t;
+    }
+
+    function matchTypes($type_uris)
+    {
+        $result = array();
+
+        foreach ($this->getTypes() as $typ) {
+            if (in_array($typ, $type_uris)) {
+                $result[] = $typ;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the URIs in the "URI" elements, if any, of this Service
+     * element.  The URIs are returned sorted in priority order.
+     *
+     * @return array $uris An array of URI strings.
+     */
+    function getURIs()
+    {
+        $uris = array();
+        $last = array();
+
+        foreach ($this->getElements('xrd:URI') as $elem) {
+            $uri_string = $this->parser->content($elem);
+            $attrs = $this->parser->attributes($elem);
+            if ($attrs &&
+                array_key_exists('priority', $attrs)) {
+                $priority = intval($attrs['priority']);
+                if (!array_key_exists($priority, $uris)) {
+                    $uris[$priority] = array();
+                }
+
+                $uris[$priority][] = $uri_string;
+            } else {
+                $last[] = $uri_string;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $keys = array_keys($uris);
+        sort($keys);
+
+        // Rebuild array of URIs.
+        $result = array();
+        foreach ($keys as $k) {
+            $new_uris = Auth_Yadis_array_scramble($uris[$k]);
+            $result = array_merge($result, $new_uris);
+        }
+
+        $result = array_merge($result,
+                              Auth_Yadis_array_scramble($last));
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the "priority" attribute value of this <Service>
+     * element, if the attribute is present.  Returns null if not.
+     *
+     * @return mixed $result Null or integer, depending on whether
+     * this Service element has a 'priority' attribute.
+     */
+    function getPriority()
+    {
+        $attributes = $this->parser->attributes($this->element);
+
+        if (array_key_exists('priority', $attributes)) {
+            return intval($attributes['priority']);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used to get XML elements from this object's <Service> element.
+     *
+     * This is what you should use to get all custom information out
+     * of this element. This is used by service filter functions to
+     * determine whether a service element contains specific tags,
+     * etc.  NOTE: this only considers elements which are direct
+     * children of the <Service> element for this object.
+     *
+     * @param string $name The name of the element to look for
+     * @return array $list An array of elements with the specified
+     * name which are direct children of the <Service> element.  The
+     * nodes returned by this function can be passed to $this->parser
+     * methods (see {@link Auth_Yadis_XMLParser}).
+     */
+    function getElements($name)
+    {
+        return $this->parser->evalXPath($name, $this->element);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the expiration date of this XRD element, or None if no
+ * expiration was specified.
+ *
+ * @param $default The value to use as the expiration if no expiration
+ * was specified in the XRD.
+ */
+function Auth_Yadis_getXRDExpiration($xrd_element, $default=null)
+{
+    $expires_element = $xrd_element->$parser->evalXPath('/xrd:Expires');
+    if ($expires_element === null) {
+        return $default;
+    } else {
+        $expires_string = $expires_element->text;
+
+        // Will raise ValueError if the string is not the expected
+        // format
+        $t = strptime($expires_string, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ");
+
+        if ($t === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // [int $hour [, int $minute [, int $second [,
+        //  int $month [, int $day [, int $year ]]]]]]
+        return mktime($t['tm_hour'], $t['tm_min'], $t['tm_sec'],
+                      $t['tm_mon'], $t['tm_day'], $t['tm_year']);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This class performs parsing of XRDS documents.
+ *
+ * You should not instantiate this class directly; rather, call
+ * parseXRDS statically:
+ *
+ * <pre>  $xrds = Auth_Yadis_XRDS::parseXRDS($xml_string);</pre>
+ *
+ * If the XRDS can be parsed and is valid, an instance of
+ * Auth_Yadis_XRDS will be returned.  Otherwise, null will be
+ * returned.  This class is used by the Auth_Yadis_Yadis::discover
+ * method.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_XRDS {
+
+    /**
+     * Instantiate a Auth_Yadis_XRDS object.  Requires an XPath
+     * instance which has been used to parse a valid XRDS document.
+     */
+    function Auth_Yadis_XRDS($xmlParser, $xrdNodes)
+    {
+        $this->parser = $xmlParser;
+        $this->xrdNode = $xrdNodes[count($xrdNodes) - 1];
+        $this->allXrdNodes = $xrdNodes;
+        $this->serviceList = array();
+        $this->_parse();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an XML string (XRDS document) and return either a
+     * Auth_Yadis_XRDS object or null, depending on whether the
+     * XRDS XML is valid.
+     *
+     * @param string $xml_string An XRDS XML string.
+     * @return mixed $xrds An instance of Auth_Yadis_XRDS or null,
+     * depending on the validity of $xml_string
+     */
+    static function parseXRDS($xml_string, $extra_ns_map = null)
+    {
+        $_null = null;
+
+        if (!$xml_string) {
+            return $_null;
+        }
+
+        $parser = Auth_Yadis_getXMLParser();
+
+        $ns_map = Auth_Yadis_getNSMap();
+
+        if ($extra_ns_map && is_array($extra_ns_map)) {
+            $ns_map = array_merge($ns_map, $extra_ns_map);
+        }
+
+        if (!($parser && $parser->init($xml_string, $ns_map))) {
+            return $_null;
+        }
+
+        // Try to get root element.
+        $root = $parser->evalXPath('/xrds:XRDS[1]');
+        if (!$root) {
+            return $_null;
+        }
+
+        if (is_array($root)) {
+            $root = $root[0];
+        }
+
+        $attrs = $parser->attributes($root);
+
+        if (array_key_exists('xmlns:xrd', $attrs) &&
+            $attrs['xmlns:xrd'] != Auth_Yadis_XMLNS_XRDS) {
+            return $_null;
+        } else if (array_key_exists('xmlns', $attrs) &&
+                   preg_match('/xri/', $attrs['xmlns']) &&
+                   $attrs['xmlns'] != Auth_Yadis_XMLNS_XRD_2_0) {
+            return $_null;
+        }
+
+        // Get the last XRD node.
+        $xrd_nodes = $parser->evalXPath('/xrds:XRDS[1]/xrd:XRD');
+
+        if (!$xrd_nodes) {
+            return $_null;
+        }
+
+        $xrds = new Auth_Yadis_XRDS($parser, $xrd_nodes);
+        return $xrds;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _addService($priority, $service)
+    {
+        $priority = intval($priority);
+
+        if (!array_key_exists($priority, $this->serviceList)) {
+            $this->serviceList[$priority] = array();
+        }
+
+        $this->serviceList[$priority][] = $service;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the service list using nodes from the XRDS XML
+     * document.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _parse()
+    {
+        $this->serviceList = array();
+
+        $services = $this->parser->evalXPath('xrd:Service', $this->xrdNode);
+
+        foreach ($services as $node) {
+            $s = new Auth_Yadis_Service();
+            $s->element = $node;
+            $s->parser = $this->parser;
+
+            $priority = $s->getPriority();
+
+            if ($priority === null) {
+                $priority = SERVICES_YADIS_MAX_PRIORITY;
+            }
+
+            $this->_addService($priority, $s);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of service objects which correspond to <Service>
+     * elements in the XRDS XML document for this object.
+     *
+     * Optionally, an array of filter callbacks may be given to limit
+     * the list of returned service objects.  Furthermore, the default
+     * mode is to return all service objects which match ANY of the
+     * specified filters, but $filter_mode may be
+     * SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ALL if you want to be sure that the
+     * returned services match all the given filters.  See {@link
+     * Auth_Yadis_Yadis} for detailed usage information on filter
+     * functions.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $filters An array of callbacks to filter the
+     * returned services, or null if all services are to be returned.
+     * @param integer $filter_mode SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ALL or
+     * SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ANY, depending on whether the returned
+     * services should match ALL or ANY of the specified filters,
+     * respectively.
+     * @return mixed $services An array of {@link
+     * Auth_Yadis_Service} objects if $filter_mode is a valid
+     * mode; null if $filter_mode is an invalid mode (i.e., not
+     * SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ANY or SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ALL).
+     */
+    function services($filters = null,
+                      $filter_mode = SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ANY)
+    {
+
+        $pri_keys = array_keys($this->serviceList);
+        sort($pri_keys, SORT_NUMERIC);
+
+        // If no filters are specified, return the entire service
+        // list, ordered by priority.
+        if (!$filters ||
+            (!is_array($filters))) {
+
+            $result = array();
+            foreach ($pri_keys as $pri) {
+                $result = array_merge($result, $this->serviceList[$pri]);
+            }
+
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        // If a bad filter mode is specified, return null.
+        if (!in_array($filter_mode, array(SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ANY,
+                                          SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ALL))) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, use the callbacks in the filter list to
+        // determine which services are returned.
+        $filtered = array();
+
+        foreach ($pri_keys as $priority_value) {
+            $service_obj_list = $this->serviceList[$priority_value];
+
+            foreach ($service_obj_list as $service) {
+
+                $matches = 0;
+
+                foreach ($filters as $filter) {
+
+                    if (call_user_func_array($filter, array($service))) {
+                        $matches++;
+
+                        if ($filter_mode == SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ANY) {
+                            $pri = $service->getPriority();
+                            if ($pri === null) {
+                                $pri = SERVICES_YADIS_MAX_PRIORITY;
+                            }
+
+                            if (!array_key_exists($pri, $filtered)) {
+                                $filtered[$pri] = array();
+                            }
+
+                            $filtered[$pri][] = $service;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (($filter_mode == SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ALL) &&
+                    ($matches == count($filters))) {
+
+                    $pri = $service->getPriority();
+                    if ($pri === null) {
+                        $pri = SERVICES_YADIS_MAX_PRIORITY;
+                    }
+
+                    if (!array_key_exists($pri, $filtered)) {
+                        $filtered[$pri] = array();
+                    }
+                    $filtered[$pri][] = $service;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $pri_keys = array_keys($filtered);
+        sort($pri_keys, SORT_NUMERIC);
+
+        $result = array();
+        foreach ($pri_keys as $pri) {
+            $result = array_merge($result, $filtered[$pri]);
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRI.php b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRI.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0143a69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRI.php
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Routines for XRI resolution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+require_once 'Auth/Yadis/Misc.php';
+require_once 'Auth/Yadis/Yadis.php';
+require_once 'Auth/OpenID.php';
+
+function Auth_Yadis_getDefaultProxy()
+{
+    return 'http://xri.net/';
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_getXRIAuthorities()
+{
+    return array('!', '=', '@', '+', '$', '(');
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_getEscapeRE()
+{
+    $parts = array();
+    foreach (array_merge(Auth_Yadis_getUCSChars(),
+                         Auth_Yadis_getIPrivateChars()) as $pair) {
+        list($m, $n) = $pair;
+        $parts[] = sprintf("%s-%s", chr($m), chr($n));
+    }
+
+    return sprintf('/[%s]/', implode('', $parts));
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_getXrefRE()
+{
+    return '/\((.*?)\)/';
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_identifierScheme($identifier)
+{
+    if (Auth_Yadis_startswith($identifier, 'xri://') ||
+        ($identifier &&
+          in_array($identifier[0], Auth_Yadis_getXRIAuthorities()))) {
+        return "XRI";
+    } else {
+        return "URI";
+    }
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_toIRINormal($xri)
+{
+    if (!Auth_Yadis_startswith($xri, 'xri://')) {
+        $xri = 'xri://' . $xri;
+    }
+
+    return Auth_Yadis_escapeForIRI($xri);
+}
+
+function _escape_xref($xref_match)
+{
+    $xref = $xref_match[0];
+    $xref = str_replace('/', '%2F', $xref);
+    $xref = str_replace('?', '%3F', $xref);
+    $xref = str_replace('#', '%23', $xref);
+    return $xref;
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_escapeForIRI($xri)
+{
+    $xri = str_replace('%', '%25', $xri);
+    $xri = preg_replace_callback(Auth_Yadis_getXrefRE(),
+                                 '_escape_xref', $xri);
+    return $xri;
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_toURINormal($xri)
+{
+    return Auth_Yadis_iriToURI(Auth_Yadis_toIRINormal($xri));
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_iriToURI($iri)
+{
+    if (1) {
+        return $iri;
+    } else {
+        // According to RFC 3987, section 3.1, "Mapping of IRIs to URIs"
+        return preg_replace_callback(Auth_Yadis_getEscapeRE(),
+                                     'Auth_Yadis_pct_escape_unicode', $iri);
+    }
+}
+
+
+function Auth_Yadis_XRIAppendArgs($url, $args)
+{
+    // Append some arguments to an HTTP query.  Yes, this is just like
+    // OpenID's appendArgs, but with special seasoning for XRI
+    // queries.
+
+    if (count($args) == 0) {
+        return $url;
+    }
+
+    // Non-empty array; if it is an array of arrays, use multisort;
+    // otherwise use sort.
+    if (array_key_exists(0, $args) &&
+        is_array($args[0])) {
+        // Do nothing here.
+    } else {
+        $keys = array_keys($args);
+        sort($keys);
+        $new_args = array();
+        foreach ($keys as $key) {
+            $new_args[] = array($key, $args[$key]);
+        }
+        $args = $new_args;
+    }
+
+    // According to XRI Resolution section "QXRI query parameters":
+    //
+    // "If the original QXRI had a null query component (only a
+    //  leading question mark), or a query component consisting of
+    //  only question marks, one additional leading question mark MUST
+    //  be added when adding any XRI resolution parameters."
+    if (strpos(rtrim($url, '?'), '?') !== false) {
+        $sep = '&';
+    } else {
+        $sep = '?';
+    }
+
+    return $url . $sep . Auth_OpenID::httpBuildQuery($args);
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_providerIsAuthoritative($providerID, $canonicalID)
+{
+    $lastbang = strrpos($canonicalID, '!');
+    $p = substr($canonicalID, 0, $lastbang);
+    return $p == $providerID;
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_rootAuthority($xri)
+{
+    // Return the root authority for an XRI.
+
+    $root = null;
+
+    if (Auth_Yadis_startswith($xri, 'xri://')) {
+        $xri = substr($xri, 6);
+    }
+
+    $authority = explode('/', $xri, 2);
+    $authority = $authority[0];
+    if ($authority[0] == '(') {
+        // Cross-reference.
+        // XXX: This is incorrect if someone nests cross-references so
+        //   there is another close-paren in there.  Hopefully nobody
+        //   does that before we have a real xriparse function.
+        //   Hopefully nobody does that *ever*.
+        $root = substr($authority, 0, strpos($authority, ')') + 1);
+    } else if (in_array($authority[0], Auth_Yadis_getXRIAuthorities())) {
+        // Other XRI reference.
+        $root = $authority[0];
+    } else {
+        // IRI reference.
+        $_segments = explode("!", $authority);
+        $segments = array();
+        foreach ($_segments as $s) {
+            $segments = array_merge($segments, explode("*", $s));
+        }
+        $root = $segments[0];
+    }
+
+    return Auth_Yadis_XRI($root);
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_XRI($xri)
+{
+    if (!Auth_Yadis_startswith($xri, 'xri://')) {
+        $xri = 'xri://' . $xri;
+    }
+    return $xri;
+}
+
+function Auth_Yadis_getCanonicalID($iname, $xrds)
+{
+    // Returns false or a canonical ID value.
+
+    // Now nodes are in reverse order.
+    $xrd_list = array_reverse($xrds->allXrdNodes);
+    $parser = $xrds->parser;
+    $node = $xrd_list[0];
+
+    $canonicalID_nodes = $parser->evalXPath('xrd:CanonicalID', $node);
+
+    if (!$canonicalID_nodes) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    $canonicalID = $canonicalID_nodes[0];
+    $canonicalID = Auth_Yadis_XRI($parser->content($canonicalID));
+
+    $childID = $canonicalID;
+
+    for ($i = 1; $i < count($xrd_list); $i++) {
+        $xrd = $xrd_list[$i];
+
+        $parent_sought = substr($childID, 0, strrpos($childID, '!'));
+        $parentCID = $parser->evalXPath('xrd:CanonicalID', $xrd);
+        if (!$parentCID) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $parentCID = Auth_Yadis_XRI($parser->content($parentCID[0]));
+
+        if (strcasecmp($parent_sought, $parentCID)) {
+            // raise XRDSFraud.
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $childID = $parent_sought;
+    }
+
+    $root = Auth_Yadis_rootAuthority($iname);
+    if (!Auth_Yadis_providerIsAuthoritative($root, $childID)) {
+        // raise XRDSFraud.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return $canonicalID;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRIRes.php b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRIRes.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e11587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/XRIRes.php
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Code for using a proxy XRI resolver.
+ */
+
+require_once 'Auth/Yadis/XRDS.php';
+require_once 'Auth/Yadis/XRI.php';
+
+class Auth_Yadis_ProxyResolver {
+    function Auth_Yadis_ProxyResolver($fetcher, $proxy_url = null)
+    {
+        $this->fetcher = $fetcher;
+        $this->proxy_url = $proxy_url;
+        if (!$this->proxy_url) {
+            $this->proxy_url = Auth_Yadis_getDefaultProxy();
+        }
+    }
+
+    function queryURL($xri, $service_type = null)
+    {
+        // trim off the xri:// prefix
+        $qxri = substr(Auth_Yadis_toURINormal($xri), 6);
+        $hxri = $this->proxy_url . $qxri;
+        $args = array(
+                      '_xrd_r' => 'application/xrds+xml'
+                      );
+
+        if ($service_type) {
+            $args['_xrd_t'] = $service_type;
+        } else {
+            // Don't perform service endpoint selection.
+            $args['_xrd_r'] .= ';sep=false';
+        }
+
+        $query = Auth_Yadis_XRIAppendArgs($hxri, $args);
+        return $query;
+    }
+
+    function query($xri, $service_types, $filters = array())
+    {
+        $services = array();
+        $canonicalID = null;
+        foreach ($service_types as $service_type) {
+            $url = $this->queryURL($xri, $service_type);
+            $response = $this->fetcher->get($url);
+            if ($response->status != 200 and $response->status != 206) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $xrds = Auth_Yadis_XRDS::parseXRDS($response->body);
+            if (!$xrds) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $canonicalID = Auth_Yadis_getCanonicalID($xri,
+                                                         $xrds);
+
+            if ($canonicalID === false) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            $some_services = $xrds->services($filters);
+            $services = array_merge($services, $some_services);
+            // TODO:
+            //  * If we do get hits for multiple service_types, we're
+            //    almost certainly going to have duplicated service
+            //    entries and broken priority ordering.
+        }
+        return array($canonicalID, $services);
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Yadis.php b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Yadis.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f885367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Auth/Yadis/Yadis.php
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * The core PHP Yadis implementation.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * LICENSE: See the COPYING file included in this distribution.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ * @author JanRain, Inc. <openid@janrain.com>
+ * @copyright 2005-2008 Janrain, Inc.
+ * @license http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Need both fetcher types so we can use the right one based on the
+ * presence or absence of CURL.
+ */
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/PlainHTTPFetcher.php";
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/ParanoidHTTPFetcher.php";
+
+/**
+ * Need this for parsing HTML (looking for META tags).
+ */
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/ParseHTML.php";
+
+/**
+ * Need this to parse the XRDS document during Yadis discovery.
+ */
+require_once "Auth/Yadis/XRDS.php";
+
+/**
+ * XRDS (yadis) content type
+ */
+define('Auth_Yadis_CONTENT_TYPE', 'application/xrds+xml');
+
+/**
+ * Yadis header
+ */
+define('Auth_Yadis_HEADER_NAME', 'X-XRDS-Location');
+
+/**
+ * Contains the result of performing Yadis discovery on a URI.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_DiscoveryResult {
+
+    // The URI that was passed to the fetcher
+    var $request_uri = null;
+
+    // The result of following redirects from the request_uri
+    var $normalized_uri = null;
+
+    // The URI from which the response text was returned (set to
+    // None if there was no XRDS document found)
+    var $xrds_uri = null;
+
+    var $xrds = null;
+
+    // The content-type returned with the response_text
+    var $content_type = null;
+
+    // The document returned from the xrds_uri
+    var $response_text = null;
+
+    // Did the discovery fail miserably?
+    var $failed = false;
+
+    function Auth_Yadis_DiscoveryResult($request_uri)
+    {
+        // Initialize the state of the object
+        // sets all attributes to None except the request_uri
+        $this->request_uri = $request_uri;
+    }
+
+    function fail()
+    {
+        $this->failed = true;
+    }
+
+    function isFailure()
+    {
+        return $this->failed;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the list of service objects as described by the XRDS
+     * document, if this yadis object represents a successful Yadis
+     * discovery.
+     *
+     * @return array $services An array of {@link Auth_Yadis_Service}
+     * objects
+     */
+    function services()
+    {
+        if ($this->xrds) {
+            return $this->xrds->services();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    function usedYadisLocation()
+    {
+        // Was the Yadis protocol's indirection used?
+        return ($this->xrds_uri && $this->normalized_uri != $this->xrds_uri);
+    }
+
+    function isXRDS()
+    {
+        // Is the response text supposed to be an XRDS document?
+        return ($this->usedYadisLocation() ||
+                $this->content_type == Auth_Yadis_CONTENT_TYPE);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * Perform the Yadis protocol on the input URL and return an iterable
+ * of resulting endpoint objects.
+ *
+ * input_url: The URL on which to perform the Yadis protocol
+ *
+ * @return: The normalized identity URL and an iterable of endpoint
+ * objects generated by the filter function.
+ *
+ * xrds_parse_func: a callback which will take (uri, xrds_text) and
+ * return an array of service endpoint objects or null.  Usually
+ * array('Auth_OpenID_ServiceEndpoint', 'fromXRDS').
+ *
+ * discover_func: if not null, a callback which should take (uri) and
+ * return an Auth_Yadis_Yadis object or null.
+ */
+function Auth_Yadis_getServiceEndpoints($input_url, $xrds_parse_func,
+                                        $discover_func=null, $fetcher=null)
+{
+    if ($discover_func === null) {
+        $discover_function = array('Auth_Yadis_Yadis', 'discover');
+    }
+
+    $yadis_result = call_user_func_array($discover_func,
+                                         array($input_url, $fetcher));
+
+    if ($yadis_result === null) {
+        return array($input_url, array());
+    }
+
+    $endpoints = call_user_func_array($xrds_parse_func,
+                      array($yadis_result->normalized_uri,
+                            $yadis_result->response_text));
+
+    if ($endpoints === null) {
+        $endpoints = array();
+    }
+
+    return array($yadis_result->normalized_uri, $endpoints);
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is the core of the PHP Yadis library.  This is the only class
+ * a user needs to use to perform Yadis discovery.  This class
+ * performs the discovery AND stores the result of the discovery.
+ *
+ * First, require this library into your program source:
+ *
+ * <pre>  require_once "Auth/Yadis/Yadis.php";</pre>
+ *
+ * To perform Yadis discovery, first call the "discover" method
+ * statically with a URI parameter:
+ *
+ * <pre>  $http_response = array();
+ *  $fetcher = Auth_Yadis_Yadis::getHTTPFetcher();
+ *  $yadis_object = Auth_Yadis_Yadis::discover($uri,
+ *                                    $http_response, $fetcher);</pre>
+ *
+ * If the discovery succeeds, $yadis_object will be an instance of
+ * {@link Auth_Yadis_Yadis}.  If not, it will be null.  The XRDS
+ * document found during discovery should have service descriptions,
+ * which can be accessed by calling
+ *
+ * <pre>  $service_list = $yadis_object->services();</pre>
+ *
+ * which returns an array of objects which describe each service.
+ * These objects are instances of Auth_Yadis_Service.  Each object
+ * describes exactly one whole Service element, complete with all of
+ * its Types and URIs (no expansion is performed).  The common use
+ * case for using the service objects returned by services() is to
+ * write one or more filter functions and pass those to services():
+ *
+ * <pre>  $service_list = $yadis_object->services(
+ *                               array("filterByURI",
+ *                                     "filterByExtension"));</pre>
+ *
+ * The filter functions (whose names appear in the array passed to
+ * services()) take the following form:
+ *
+ * <pre>  function myFilter($service) {
+ *       // Query $service object here.  Return true if the service
+ *       // matches your query; false if not.
+ *  }</pre>
+ *
+ * This is an example of a filter which uses a regular expression to
+ * match the content of URI tags (note that the Auth_Yadis_Service
+ * class provides a getURIs() method which you should use instead of
+ * this contrived example):
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *  function URIMatcher($service) {
+ *      foreach ($service->getElements('xrd:URI') as $uri) {
+ *          if (preg_match("/some_pattern/",
+ *                         $service->parser->content($uri))) {
+ *              return true;
+ *          }
+ *      }
+ *      return false;
+ *  }</pre>
+ *
+ * The filter functions you pass will be called for each service
+ * object to determine which ones match the criteria your filters
+ * specify.  The default behavior is that if a given service object
+ * matches ANY of the filters specified in the services() call, it
+ * will be returned.  You can specify that a given service object will
+ * be returned ONLY if it matches ALL specified filters by changing
+ * the match mode of services():
+ *
+ * <pre>  $yadis_object->services(array("filter1", "filter2"),
+ *                          SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ALL);</pre>
+ *
+ * See {@link SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ALL} and {@link
+ * SERVICES_YADIS_MATCH_ANY}.
+ *
+ * Services described in an XRDS should have a library which you'll
+ * probably be using.  Those libraries are responsible for defining
+ * filters that can be used with the "services()" call.  If you need
+ * to write your own filter, see the documentation for {@link
+ * Auth_Yadis_Service}.
+ *
+ * @package OpenID
+ */
+class Auth_Yadis_Yadis {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an HTTP fetcher object.  If the CURL extension is
+     * present, an instance of {@link Auth_Yadis_ParanoidHTTPFetcher}
+     * is returned.  If not, an instance of
+     * {@link Auth_Yadis_PlainHTTPFetcher} is returned.
+     *
+     * If Auth_Yadis_CURL_OVERRIDE is defined, this method will always
+     * return a {@link Auth_Yadis_PlainHTTPFetcher}.
+     */
+    static function getHTTPFetcher($timeout = 20)
+    {
+        if (Auth_Yadis_Yadis::curlPresent() &&
+            (!defined('Auth_Yadis_CURL_OVERRIDE'))) {
+            $fetcher = new Auth_Yadis_ParanoidHTTPFetcher($timeout);
+        } else {
+            $fetcher = new Auth_Yadis_PlainHTTPFetcher($timeout);
+        }
+        return $fetcher;
+    }
+
+    static function curlPresent()
+    {
+        return function_exists('curl_init');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+   static function _getHeader($header_list, $names)
+    {
+        foreach ($header_list as $name => $value) {
+            foreach ($names as $n) {
+                if (strtolower($name) == strtolower($n)) {
+                    return $value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function _getContentType($content_type_header)
+    {
+        if ($content_type_header) {
+            $parts = explode(";", $content_type_header);
+            return strtolower($parts[0]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This should be called statically and will build a Yadis
+     * instance if the discovery process succeeds.  This implements
+     * Yadis discovery as specified in the Yadis specification.
+     *
+     * @param string $uri The URI on which to perform Yadis discovery.
+     *
+     * @param array $http_response An array reference where the HTTP
+     * response object will be stored (see {@link
+     * Auth_Yadis_HTTPResponse}.
+     *
+     * @param Auth_Yadis_HTTPFetcher $fetcher An instance of a
+     * Auth_Yadis_HTTPFetcher subclass.
+     *
+     * @param array $extra_ns_map An array which maps namespace names
+     * to namespace URIs to be used when parsing the Yadis XRDS
+     * document.
+     *
+     * @param integer $timeout An optional fetcher timeout, in seconds.
+     *
+     * @return mixed $obj Either null or an instance of
+     * Auth_Yadis_Yadis, depending on whether the discovery
+     * succeeded.
+     */
+    static function discover($uri, $fetcher,
+                      $extra_ns_map = null, $timeout = 20)
+    {
+        $result = new Auth_Yadis_DiscoveryResult($uri);
+
+        $request_uri = $uri;
+        $headers = array("Accept: " . Auth_Yadis_CONTENT_TYPE .
+                         ', text/html; q=0.3, application/xhtml+xml; q=0.5');
+
+        if ($fetcher === null) {
+            $fetcher = Auth_Yadis_Yadis::getHTTPFetcher($timeout);
+        }
+
+        $response = $fetcher->get($uri, $headers);
+
+        if (!$response || ($response->status != 200 and
+                           $response->status != 206)) {
+            $result->fail();
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        $result->normalized_uri = $response->final_url;
+        $result->content_type = Auth_Yadis_Yadis::_getHeader(
+                                       $response->headers,
+                                       array('content-type'));
+
+        if ($result->content_type &&
+            (Auth_Yadis_Yadis::_getContentType($result->content_type) ==
+             Auth_Yadis_CONTENT_TYPE)) {
+            $result->xrds_uri = $result->normalized_uri;
+        } else {
+            $yadis_location = Auth_Yadis_Yadis::_getHeader(
+                                                 $response->headers,
+                                                 array(Auth_Yadis_HEADER_NAME));
+
+            if (!$yadis_location) {
+                $parser = new Auth_Yadis_ParseHTML();
+                $yadis_location = $parser->getHTTPEquiv($response->body);
+            }
+
+            if ($yadis_location) {
+                $result->xrds_uri = $yadis_location;
+
+                $response = $fetcher->get($yadis_location);
+
+                if ((!$response) || ($response->status != 200 and
+                                     $response->status != 206)) {
+                    $result->fail();
+                    return $result;
+                }
+
+                $result->content_type = Auth_Yadis_Yadis::_getHeader(
+                                                         $response->headers,
+                                                         array('content-type'));
+            }
+        }
+
+        $result->response_text = $response->body;
+        return $result;
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/application/libraries/Openid.php b/application/libraries/Openid.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fa043d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/Openid.php
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+<?php if (!defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+/**
+* OpenID Library
+*
+* @package    CodeIgniter
+* @author     bardelot
+* @see        http://cakebaker.42dh.com/2007/01/11/cakephp-and-openid/
+*             & http://openidenabled.com/php-openid/
+*/
+
+class Openid{
+
+  var $storePath = 'tmp';
+  
+  var $sreg_enable = false;
+  var $sreg_required = null;
+  var $sreg_optional = null;
+  var $sreg_policy = null;
+  
+  var $pape_enable = false;
+  var $pape_policy_uris = null;
+  
+  var $request_to;
+  var $trust_root;
+  var $ext_args;
+    
+    function Openid()
+    {        
+    $CI =& get_instance();    
+        $CI->config->load('openid');
+        $this->storePath = $CI->config->item('openid_storepath');
+            
+        session_start();    
+        $this->_doIncludes();
+            
+    log_message('debug', "OpenID Class Initialized");
+    }
+    
+    function _doIncludes()
+    {
+    set_include_path(dirname(__FILE__) . PATH_SEPARATOR . get_include_path());
+
+    require_once "Auth/OpenID/Consumer.php";
+    require_once "Auth/OpenID/FileStore.php";
+    require_once "Auth/OpenID/SReg.php";
+    require_once "Auth/OpenID/PAPE.php";
+  }
+    
+    function set_sreg($enable, $required = null, $optional = null, $policy = null)
+    {
+    $this->sreg_enable = $enable;
+    $this->sreg_required = $required;
+    $this->sreg_optional = $optional;
+    $this->sreg_policy = $policy;
+    }
+    
+    function set_pape($enable, $policy_uris = null)
+    {
+    $this->pape_enable = $enable;
+    $this->pape_policy_uris = $policy_uris;
+    }
+    
+    function set_request_to($uri)
+    {
+    $this->request_to = $uri;
+    }
+    
+    function set_trust_root($trust_root)
+    {
+    $this->trust_root = $trust_root;
+    }
+    
+    function set_args($args)
+    {
+    $this->ext_args = $args;
+    }
+    
+    function _set_message($error, $msg, $val = '', $sub = '%s')
+    {
+      $CI =& get_instance();
+        $CI->lang->load('openid', 'english');
+        echo str_replace($sub, $val, $CI->lang->line($msg));
+        
+        if ($error)
+        {
+      exit;
+    }
+    }
+    
+    function authenticate($openId)
+    {
+    $consumer = $this->_getConsumer();
+        $authRequest = $consumer->begin($openId);
+            
+        // No auth request means we can't begin OpenID.
+    if (!$authRequest)
+    {
+        $this->_set_message(true,'openid_auth_error');
+    }
+      
+    if ($this->sreg_enable)
+    {
+        $sreg_request = Auth_OpenID_SRegRequest::build($this->sreg_required, $this->sreg_optional, $this->sreg_policy);
+
+        if ($sreg_request)
+        {
+            $authRequest->addExtension($sreg_request);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $this->_set_message(true,'openid_sreg_failed');
+        }
+    }
+      
+    if ($this->pape_enable)
+    {
+        $pape_request = new Auth_OpenID_PAPE_Request($this->pape_policy_uris);
+        
+        if ($pape_request)
+        {
+            $authRequest->addExtension($pape_request);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $this->_set_message(true,'openid_pape_failed');
+        }
+    }
+            
+        if ($this->ext_args != null)
+        {
+                foreach ($this->ext_args as $extensionArgument)
+                {
+            if (count($extensionArgument) == 3)
+            {
+                 $authRequest->addExtensionArg($extensionArgument[0], $extensionArgument[1], $extensionArgument[2]);
+            }
+                }
+    }
+            
+        // Redirect the user to the OpenID server for authentication.
+    // Store the token for this authentication so we can verify the
+    // response.
+
+    // For OpenID 1, send a redirect.  For OpenID 2, use a Javascript
+    // form to send a POST request to the server.
+    if ($authRequest->shouldSendRedirect())
+    {
+        $redirect_url = $authRequest->redirectURL($this->trust_root, $this->request_to);
+
+        // If the redirect URL can't be built, display an error
+        // message.
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($redirect_url))
+        {
+            $this->_set_message(true,'openid_redirect_failed', $redirect_url->message);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Send redirect.
+            header("Location: ".$redirect_url);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Generate form markup and render it.
+        $form_id = 'openid_message';
+        $form_html = $authRequest->formMarkup($this->trust_root, $this->request_to, false, array('id' => $form_id));
+
+        // Display an error if the form markup couldn't be generated;
+        // otherwise, render the HTML.
+        if (Auth_OpenID::isFailure($form_html))
+        {
+            $this->_set_message(true,'openid_redirect_failed', $form_html->message);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $page_contents = array(
+               "<html><head><title>",
+               "OpenID transaction in progress",
+               "</title></head>",
+               "<body onload='document.getElementById(\"".$form_id."\").submit()'>",
+               $form_html,
+               "</body></html>");
+
+            print implode("\n", $page_contents);
+        }
+    }
+
+        }
+        
+        function getResponse()
+        {
+      $consumer = $this->_getConsumer();
+      $response = $consumer->complete($this->request_to);
+            
+      return $response;
+        }
+        
+        function _getConsumer()
+        {
+            if (!file_exists($this->storePath) && !mkdir($this->storePath))
+            {
+          $this->_set_message(true,'openid_storepath_failed', $this->storePath);
+            }
+
+            $store = new Auth_OpenID_FileStore($this->storePath);
+            $consumer = new Auth_OpenID_Consumer($store);
+            
+            return $consumer;
+        }
+}
+?>
diff --git a/application/views/view_openid.php b/application/views/view_openid.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4c65e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/views/view_openid.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<html>
+  <head><title>PHP OpenID Authentication Example</title></head>
+  <style type="text/css">
+      * {
+        font-family: verdana,sans-serif;
+      }
+      body {
+        width: 50em;
+        margin: 1em;
+      }
+      div {
+        padding: .5em;
+      }
+      table {
+        margin: none;
+        padding: none;
+      }
+      .alert {
+        border: 1px solid #e7dc2b;
+        background: #fff888;
+      }
+      .success {
+        border: 1px solid #669966;
+        background: #88ff88;
+      }
+      .error {
+        border: 1px solid #ff0000;
+        background: #ffaaaa;
+      }
+      #verify-form {
+        border: 1px solid #777777;
+        background: #dddddd;
+        margin-top: 1em;
+        padding-bottom: 0em;
+      }
+  </style>
+  <body>
+    <h1>PHP OpenID Authentication Example</h1>
+    <p>
+      This example consumer uses the <a
+      href="http://www.openidenabled.com/openid/libraries/php/">PHP
+      OpenID</a> library. It just verifies that the URL that you enter
+      is your identity URL.
+    </p>
+
+    <?php if (isset($msg)) { echo "<div class=\"alert\">$msg</div>"; } ?>
+    <?php if (isset($error)) { echo "<div class=\"error\">$error</div>"; } ?>
+    <?php if (isset($success)) { echo "<div class=\"success\">$success</div>"; } ?>
+
+    <div id="verify-form">
+      <form method="post" action="<?php echo site_url('test/index'); ?>">
+        Identity&nbsp;URL:
+        <input type="hidden" name="action" value="verify" />
+        <input type="text" name="openid_identifier" value="" />
+
+        <p>Optionally, request these PAPE policies:</p>
+        <p>
+        <?php foreach($pape_policy_uris as $i => $uri): ?>
+          <input type="checkbox" name="policies[]" value="<?php echo $uri; ?>" />
+          <?php echo $uri; ?><br />
+        <?php endforeach; ?>
+        </p>
+
+        <input type="submit" value="Verify" />
+      </form>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/application/views/view_policy.php b/application/views/view_policy.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a52464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/views/view_policy.php
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<html>
+  <head><title>PHP OpenID Policy Example</title></head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>PHP OpenID Policy Example</h1>
+    <p>
+      This page could display your policy.
+    </p>
+  </body>
+</html>
-- 
2.20.1