--- /dev/null
+This is the swift structures:
+// swift interface
+typedef struct swift {
+ int socketListener, socketData;
+ struct sockaddr_in socketListenerAddr;
+} *Swift;
+
+// swift_addr structure similar with in_addr
+struct swift_addr {
+ unsigned short N; // e.g. number of s_addr
+ unsigned long s_addr[MAX_IPs]; // i.p. ip list
+};
+
+// swift struct similar with sock_addr
+typedef struct sockSwiftaddr {
+ short sin_family; // e.g. AF_INET
+ unsigned short sin_port; // e.g. htons(3490)
+ struct swift_addr sin_addr; // see struct swift_addr, below
+} *SockSwiftaddr;
+
+// list of swift_addr
+struct listsockaddr {
+ unsigned short N;
+ struct sockaddr_in sa[MAX_IPs];
+};
+
+With this new structures we modify the normal socket api and the new api is:
+
+// Function to create a Swift socket
+Swift socketSwift();
+
+// Function to close a Swift socket
+void closeSwift(Swift);
+
+// Function to listen to a port
+int listenfromSwift (Swift s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
+ struct sockSwiftaddr * __restrict__ from, socklen_t *fromlen);
+
+// Function to bind a port for swift socket
+int bindSwift(Swift s, const struct sockSwiftaddr *my_addr, socklen_t addrlen);
+
+// Function to receive a message
+ssize_t recvFromSwift(Swift s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
+ struct sockSwiftaddr *from, socklen_t *fromlen);
+
+// Function to send a message
+ssize_t sendToSwift(Swift s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
+ const struct sockSwiftaddr *to, socklen_t tolen);
--- /dev/null
+BASENAME = my-report
+PDF = $(addsuffix .pdf, $(BASENAME))
+DVI = $(addsuffix .dvi, $(BASENAME))
+TEX = $(addsuffix .tex, $(BASENAME))
+BIB = $(addsuffix .bib, $(BASENAME))
+LATEX = latex
+PDFLATEX = pdflatex
+BIBTEX = bibtex
+
+.PHONY: all clean
+
+all: $(PDF)
+
+$(DVI): $(TEX) $(BIB) src/
+ $(LATEX) $<
+ $(BIBTEX) $(BASENAME)
+ # Twice, so TOC is also updated
+ $(LATEX) $<
+ $(LATEX) $<
+
+$(PDF): $(TEX) $(BIB) src/
+ $(PDFLATEX) $<
+ $(BIBTEX) $(BASENAME)
+ # Twice, so TOC is also updated
+ $(PDFLATEX) $<
+ $(PDFLATEX) $<
+
+clean:
+ -rm -f *~ *.aux *.log *.blg *.bbl *.out *.pdf src/*~ *.backup src/*.backup
--- /dev/null
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--- /dev/null
+# sample entry
+@inproceedings{large-scale-p2p-sim,
+ author = {Dinh, Tien Tuan Anh and Theodoropoulos, Georgios and Minson, Rob},
+ title = {{Evaluating Large Scale Distributed Simulation of P2P Networks}},
+ booktitle = {DS-RT '08: Proceedings of the 2008 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications},
+ year = {2008},
+ isbn = {978-0-7695-3425-1},
+ pages = {51--58},
+ doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT.2008.36},
+ publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
+ address = {Washington, DC, USA},
+}
+
+@misc{binmaps,
+ author = {V. Grishchenko, J. Pouwelse},
+ title = {{Binmaps: hybridizing bitmaps and binary trees}},
+ year = {2009},
+ howpublished = {http://bouillon.math.usu.ru/articles/binmaps-alenex.pdf},
+}
+
+@misc{merkle,
+ author = {R. Merkle},
+ title = {{A Digital Signature Based on a Conventional Encryption Function}},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings CRYPTO'87},
+ year = {1987},
+ pages = {369--378},
+ address = {Santa Barbara, CA, USA},
+}
+
+@misc{bittorrent,
+ author = {Bram Cohen},
+ title = {{Incentives Build Robustness in BitTorrent}},
+ howpublished = {http://www.bittorrent.org/bittorrentecon.pdf},
+}
+
+@misc{merkle-ext,
+ author = {Arno Bakker},
+ title = {{Merkle hash torrent extension}},
+ booktitle = {BEP 30},
+ howpublished = {http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep\_0030.html},
+}
+
+@misc{ledbat,
+ author = {S. Shalunov},
+ title = {{Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT)}},
+ howpublished = {http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-ledbat-congestion-00.txt},
+ year = {2009},
+}
+
+@misc{ledbat2,
+ author = {S. Shalunov, G. Hazel},
+ title = {{Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT)}},
+ howpublished = {http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-ledbat-congestion-03},
+ year = {2010},
+}
+
+
+@misc{peer-to-peer,
+ author = {B. Ford, P. Srisuresh, D. Kegel},
+ title = {{Peer-to-Peer Communication Across Network Address Translators}},
+ howpublished = {http://www.brynosaurus.com/pub/net/p2pnat/},
+}
+
+@misc{cdnwiki,
+ title = {{Wikipedia Content Delivery Network(CDN) page}},
+ howpublished = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network},
+}
+
+@misc{kernel,
+ author = {R. Love},
+ title = {{Linux Kernel Development}},
+ booktitle = {{Talking Directly to the Kernel and C Library}},
+ year = {2004},
+}
+
+@misc{socket,
+ author = {R. Stevens},
+ title = {{UNIX Network Programming, Volume 2, Second Edition}},
+ booktitle = {{Interprocess Communications}},
+ year = {1999},
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null
+% vim: set tw=78 sts=2 sw=2 ts=8 aw et ai:
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+
+\usepackage[paper=a4paper, top=2cm, bottom=3cm, left=2.5cm, right=2.5cm]{geometry}
+
+\usepackage{ucs}
+\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage{hyperref} % use \url{http://$URL} or \href{http://$URL}{Name}
+\usepackage{underscore} % underscores need not be escaped
+\usepackage{subfigure}
+\usepackage{verbatim}
+\usepackage{float}
+\usepackage{booktabs}
+
+% Support for including graphics
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg}
+
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+
+\hypersetup{%
+ colorlinks=true,
+ linkcolor=blue,
+ anchorcolor=black,
+ citecolor=black,
+ urlcolor=blue,
+ bookmarks=true,
+ bookmarksnumbered=true
+}
+\urlstyle{same}
+
+\newcommand{\labelindexref}[2]{\hyperref[#2]{#1~\ref*{#2}}}
+% command for inserting labeled figures
+\newcommand{\image}[4][]{
+\begin{figure}[htb]
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[#1]{#2}
+\caption{#4 \label{#3}}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
+}
+
+\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
+\setlength{\parskip}{2ex}
+
+
+\title{\bfseries{SWIFT in the Linux Kernel\\
+\large{\vspace*{0.4cm}Scientific supervisor: Nicolae Țăpuș\\ Technical supervisor: Răzvan Deaconescu}}}
+
+\author{Oana Baron, Bogdan Druțu\\
+Automatic Control and Computers Faculty\\
+University Politehnica of Bucharest\\
+Splaiul Independenței nr. 313, Bucharest, Romania \\
+\emph{\{oana.baron, bogdan.drutu\}@cti.pub.ro}}
+
+\date{\today}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+%\begin{abstract}
+%\input{src/abstract}
+%\end{abstract}
+
+{\bf \hspace*{0.8cm} \textbf{\emph{Keywords}} -- bittorrent, multiparty, transport protocol, linux kernel,\\
+\hspace*{0.8cm} Merkle hash trees, binmaps}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:introduction}
+\input{src/intro}
+
+\section{Preliminary Work}
+\label{sec:preliminarywork}
+\input{src/preliminarywork}
+
+%\pagebreak
+
+\section{Architecture}
+\label{sec:arch}
+\input{src/arch}
+
+\section{Raw Sockets}
+\label{sec:rawsock}
+\input{src/rawsock}
+
+\section{Testing and Evaluation}
+\label{sec:testing}
+\input{src/testing}
+
+
+\section{Conclusion and Further Work}
+\label{sec:summary}
+\input{src/summary}
+
+%\section*{Acknowledgment}
+%\label{sec:acknowledgment}
+
+%The authors would like to thank XYZ for their support and dedication.
+
+\pagebreak
+
+\bibliographystyle{abbrv}
+\bibliography{my-report}
+
+\end{document}
--- /dev/null
+%\section{\fontfamily{phv}\selectfont{\large{\bfseries{INTRODUCTION}}}}
+
+The \emph{swift} protocol is a generic multiparty transport protocol. Its mission is to disseminate content among a
+swarm of peers. Basically, it answers one and only one request: \emph{'Here is a hash! Give me data for it!'}. Such
+entities as storage, servers and connections are abstracted and are virtually invisible at the API layer. Given a hash,
+the data is received from whatever source available and data integrity is checked cryptographically with Merkle hash
+trees.
+
+If you need some data it is somewhat faster and/or cheaper downloading it from a nearby well-provisioned replica, but
+on the other hand, this process requires that multiple parties (e.g. consumers, the data sources, CDN
+sites\cite{cdnwiki} , mirrors, peers) have to be coordinate. As the Internet content is in a continuous increasing
+nowadays, the overhead of peer/replica coordination becomes higher then the mass of the download itself. Thus, the niche
+for multiparty transfers expands. Still, current, relevant technologies are tightly coupled to a single use case or even
+infrastructure of a particular corporation. These are the reasons of the \emph{swift} protocol appearance with its
+primary goal to act as a generic content-centric multiparty transport protocol that allows seamless, effortless data
+dissemination on the big cloud represented by the Internet.
+
+// TODO - swift description paragraph
+
+\textbf{Contribution}. // TODO
+
+\begin{comment}
+Our main objective is to integrate \emph{swift} as a transport protocol in the Linux kernel
+networking stack. This will provide notable performance improvement regarding data transfer. We intend to do this with
+minimal intrusion effect in the Linux kernel and also to change as little as possible the current \emph{swift}
+implementation. Another goal is to provide a transparent API between the kernel and the user space. A developer will use
+a socket-like interface when building an application on top of the \emph{swift} protocol.
+\end{comment}
+
+\textbf{Outline}. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In section \ref{sec:preliminarywork} we discuss some
+previous approaches in designing the system with their sthrengths and weaknesess. In section \ref{sec:arch}
+ presents our current approach to integrate the \emph{swift} protocol as a transport layer protocol into the Linux
+kernel. Section \ref{sec:rawsock} presents a preliminary implementation using raw socktes that prepares the ground for
+the final stage of the project. We describe our testing scenariou in detail in section \ref{sec:testing}. Section
+\ref{sec:summary} concludes the article and refers to future work.
--- /dev/null
+While designing our system, we have tackled a few different ideas, each with its strengths and weaknesees. We present
+now some of those preliminary ideas that lead to the our current desing choice.
+
+The first approach we thought of was to include all of the swift protocol into the kernel space. This
+approach had the advantage of simplicity and would have implied minimal architectural changes. The current user space
+implementation could have been ported to a kernel module.
+
+Though simple, this approach could not be implemented because of the restriction of memory size in the kernel.
+For the integrity check the swift protocol relies on Merkle hash tree. Keeping this tree in the kernel space memory is
+not scalable. The Internet content is too large to be stored in kernel. Even if the tree retains only hashes of the data
+disseminated, the space is insufficient.
+
+
+
+The second approach of the swift implementation is represent in the \labelindexref{Figure}{img:tree}.
+
+\image[scale=0.45]{img/tree}{img:tree}{Tree}
+
+The swift transport should have been a new kernel interface allowing the creation of specialized swift sockets. It
+should have implemented the multiparty protocol allowing piece transport to/from other hosts in a peer-to-peer fashion.
+
+That implementation should have had specialized "request queues", metadata queues, to/from user space. Specialized
+system call API should have allowed user space applications to interact with the above
+mentioned queues and, thus, with the multiparty transport protocol implementation.
+
+Innate differences from a classical one-to-one communication such as UDP or TCP means the system call API shouldn't have
+followed the classical send/receive paradigm. In order to compensate this and to provide a rather "friendly" interface
+to user space applications, a library was designed that to provide a simpler interface. Peer and piece discovery should
+have been the responsibility of the user space application. The SWIFT Library may also provide wrappers over a UDP-based
+channel for discovery.
+
+Merkle hashes should have stored and computed in user space. This approach couldn't be implemented because of the
+restriction of the library implementations (e.g. a users application design would be more restrictive). Moreover the
+kernel implementation should have been like an UDP which support multicast transfer.
+
+
+The third approach of the swift implementation was to detach the transport layer from the original swift implementation
+and to manage it. When we started to implement this we found a lot of inconvenience like our code duplicate a lot of
+application code, we cannot implement the discovery protocol, and again our kernel implementation should have been like
+a multicast-UDP.
+
+This approach also couldn't be implemented because of the complexity of the transport layer management, moreover we
+didn't find strengths to confirm that our implementation could be better than original implementation.
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null
+%\section{\fontfamily{phv}\selectfont{\large{\bfseries{SUMMARY}}}}
+
+The \emph{swift} protocol is a multiparty content-centric protocol that aims to disseminate content among a swarm of
+peers. This paper proposes an approach for the optimization of the currently \emph{swift} protocol. The integration of
+the communication in the kernel space as a multiparty transport protocol that is solely responsible for getting the
+bits moving improves the over all protocol performance. It ensures maximum efficiency of data transfer by decreasing
+switches between user and kernel space and eliminating some performance penalties due to context switches.
+
+\subsection*{Directions for Future Work}
+
+
+After we complete the implementation and the functional tests, we want to test extensively our new features in a real
+environment. We plan to do stress tests using a cluster. This tests will help us to make an overview about our
+implementation and we could compare with the user-space implementation of the \emph{swift} to determine exactly what
+performance we encountered. If the results are satisfactory, we will continue to optimize our program and we will add
+new features.
+
+It will be very useful to have a real application on top of the \emph{swift} protocol. If not, one solution would be to
+port an application strictly for this task. This would give us the opportunity to extend and refine our implementation,
+and also to extend the library API.
+
projects / swifty.git / commitdiff
